Trees In A Changing Environment

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Trees In A Changing Environment

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Author : Michael Tausz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-09-30

Trees In A Changing Environment written by Michael Tausz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-30 with categories.

Trees In A Changing Environment

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Author : Michael Tausz
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-08-26

Trees In A Changing Environment written by Michael Tausz and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-26 with Science categories.

This book delivers current state-of-the-science knowledge of tree ecophysiology, with particular emphasis on adaptation to a novel future physical and chemical environment. Unlike the focus of most books on the topic, this considers air chemistry changes (O3, NOx, and N deposition) in addition to elevated CO2 effects and its secondary effects of elevated temperature. The authors have addressed two systems essential for plant life: water handling capacity from the perspective of water transport; the coupling of xylem and phloem water potential and flow; water and nutrition uptake via likely changes in mycorrhizal relationships; control of water loss via stomata and its retention via cellular regulation; and within plant carbon dynamics from the perspective of environmental limitations to growth, allocation to defences, and changes in partitioning to respiration. The authors offer expert knowledge and insight to develop likely outcomes within the context of many unknowns. We offer this comprehensive analysis of tree responses and their capacity to respond to environmental changes to provide a better insight in understanding likelihood for survival, as well as planning for the future with long-lived, stationary organisms adapted to the past: trees.

Boreal And Temperate Trees In A Changing Climate

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Author : Heikki Hänninen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-27

Boreal And Temperate Trees In A Changing Climate written by Heikki Hänninen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-27 with Science categories.

This book provides an overview of how boreal and temperate tree species have adapted their annual development cycle to the seasonally varying climatic conditions. Therefore, the frost hardy dormant phase, and the susceptible growth phase, are synchronized with the seasonality of the climate. The volume discusses the annual cycle, including various attributes such as timing of bud burst and other phenological events, seasonality of photosynthetic capacity or the frost hardiness of the trees. During the last few decades dynamic ecophysiological models have been used increasingly in studies of the annual cycle, particularly when projecting the ecological effects of climate change. The main emphasis of this volume is on combining modelling with experimental studies, and on the importance of the biological realism of the models.

Responses Of Fruit Trees To Global Climate Change

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Author : Fernando Ramirez
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-01-09

Responses Of Fruit Trees To Global Climate Change written by Fernando Ramirez and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-09 with Nature categories.

​Global climate change is expected to produce increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, higher temperatures, aberrant precipitation patterns and a host of other climatic changes that would affect all life on this planet. This review article addresses the impact of climate change on fruit trees and the response of the trees to a changing environment. The response of fruit trees to increasing carbon dioxide levels, phenological changes occurring in the trees themselves due to increased temperature and the lower chilling hours especially in the temperate regions, ecophysiological adaptations of the trees to the changing climate, impact of aberrant precipitation, etc. are reviewed. There is very little data on the impact of rising CO2 levels on fruit tree performance or productivity including the temperate region. Based on a large number of observations on the phenology, there is reason to believe that the flowering and fruiting of most species have advanced by quite a few days, but with variations in different crops and on different continents. The chilling hours have also grown shorter in many regions, causing considerable reductions in yield for several species. In the tropics, there is very little work on fruit trees; however, the available data show that precipitation is a major factor regulating their phenology and yield. The ecophysiological adaptations vary from species to species, and there is a need to develop phenological models in order to estimate the impact of climate change on plant development in different regions of the world. More research is also called for to develop adaptation strategies to circumvent the negative impacts of climate change.

Adaptation Of Trees To Climate Change Mechanisms Behind Physiological And Ecological Resilience And Vulnerability

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Author : Andrea Ghirardo
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-02-16

Adaptation Of Trees To Climate Change Mechanisms Behind Physiological And Ecological Resilience And Vulnerability written by Andrea Ghirardo and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-16 with Science categories.

Alpine And Polar Treelines In A Changing Environment

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Author : Gerhard Wieser
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-04-09

Alpine And Polar Treelines In A Changing Environment written by Gerhard Wieser and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-09 with Science categories.

Concerns have been raised with respect to the state of high-altitude and high-latitude treelines, as they are anticipated to undergo considerable modifications due to global changes, and especially due to climate warming. As high-elevation treelines are temperature-limited vegetation boundaries, they are considered to be sensitive to climate warming. As a consequence, in this future, warmer environment, an upward migration of treelines is expected because low air and root-zone temperatures constrain their regeneration and growth. Despite the ubiquity of climate warming, treeline advancement is not a worldwide phenomenon: some treelines have been advancing rapidly, others have responded sluggishly or have remained stable. This variation in responses is attributed to the potential interaction of a continuum of site-related factors that may lead to the occurrence of locally conditioned temperature patterns. Competition amongst species and below-ground resources have been suggested as additional factors explaining the variability in the movement of treelines. This Special Issue (book) is dedicated to the discussion of treeline responses to changing environmental conditions in different areas around the globe.

Forest Condition In A Changing Environment

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Author : Eino Mälkönen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29

Forest Condition In A Changing Environment written by Eino Mälkönen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The threats posed by air pollution and climate change have resulted in considerable public debate about forest condition and growth during the past two decades. Despite the massive input ofresearch resources, no clear answers have been found to these global questions. Although there have been substantial advances in our knowledge of the effects of air pollutants on the forests, many of the questions associated with forest condition are still open. Monitoring of forest condition at the national level started in Finland in 1985 in accordance with the methodology drawn up by the International Co-operative Programme on Assessments and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests, UN/ECE). Since then, research into forest condition and vitality has been one of the key areas in the research carried out by the Finnish Forest Research Institute. Three basic questions formed the starting point for the multidisciplinary, Forest Condition Research Programme: What changes are taking place in our forests? Why does forest condition vary, and why do trees appear to be suffering? How can forest condition be maintained through appropriate forest management? This report covers forest condition and changes in environmental factors on the of the latest findings, publications and expertise of researchers participated in basis the Forest Condition Research Programme. In addition to researchers from the Finnish Forest Research Institute, a large number of scientists from domestic and foreign universities and research institutes also made a considerable contribution to the research programme.

Managing Plant Production Under Changing Environment

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Author : Mirza Hasanuzzaman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-02-22

Managing Plant Production Under Changing Environment written by Mirza Hasanuzzaman and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This comprehensive edited volume collects the most recent information with up-to-date citations, on the decrease in plant productivity under climatic changes and its link with global food security. The book emphasis on the crop management practices and recent advancement in the techniques for mitigating the negative effects of climate induced biotic and abiotic stress. It brings together 19 chapters developed by eminent researchers in the area of plant and environmental sciences. Global climate change is increasingly becoming a concern for future of agriculture. High levels of inorganic and organic pollutants and climatic stress adversely affects the sensitive and complex equation of natural resources and ecosystem services. To meet the increased food demand, plant productivity needs to be enhanced, therefore this book fills in the gap and brings together information on the physiological and molecular approaches for improving crop productivity. The book is resourceful reading material for researchers, faculty members, graduate and post graduate students of plant science, agriculture, agronomy, soil science, botany, Molecular biology and environmental science.

The Productivity And Sustainability Of Southern Forest Ecosystems In A Changing Environment

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Author : Robert Mickler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

The Productivity And Sustainability Of Southern Forest Ecosystems In A Changing Environment written by Robert Mickler and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

In conclusion, current-year, first-flush foliage of branches grown in 525 , . . d 1- 1 and 700 J. . Lll-I of carbon dioxide had much greater rates of Pm ax compared to the P max of foliage grown in 350 J. . Lll- I carbon dioxide. These findings are similar to other long-term field studies with loblolly pine (Teskey, 1995; Murthy, 1995). Elevated carbon dioxide concentration was also significantly affected the G , max however, higher rates were only found at the 525 J. . Ll 1-I carbon dioxide con centration. Generally the total chlorophyll content decreased as the carbon dioxide concentration was increased. The data presented here represent first-year responses to the carbon dioxide and cultural treatments. This experiment will continue to determine whether increased maximum net photosynthetic rate resulting from elevated carbon dioxide will persist over the life of the foliage and over an anticipated greater range of moisture and nutrient availability than existed during the first year of the study. In addition to this determination, evidence will also be collected to test for the possibility of downward acclimation of photosynthesis by foliage exposed to long-term ele vated carbon dioxide concentrations. Detailed phenology measurements of branches and whole trees are expected to further the knowledge of how loblolly pine trees growing at the edge of the natural range respond to variations in carbon dioxide concentration, water, and nutrient supply.

Urban Forests In A Changing Environment

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Author : Tobias Burnham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Urban Forests In A Changing Environment written by Tobias Burnham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.

Urban trees perform several ecosystem services important to humans. Climate variability and poor management threatens urban forests with ecological and socio-economic consequences. Therefore, it is critical urban trees are sustainably managed. For an urban tree management plan to succeed, social inputs at the residential scale must be taken into consideration. The aim of this research is to help inform urban forest managers of social variables that may play an integral role in successful implementation of urban forest management plans. Social factors behind home-owner decision-making to plant or remove trees in the Lincoln and Omaha metro areas show that 75% of respondents consider aesthetics as extremely important in motivating tree planting, 74% cited space availability as very or extremely important for choosing the tree species planted, and 83% responded that tree health was the most important factor for removing trees. Most common types of trees planted were maples, and the most common types of trees removed were pines. Additionally, 38.1% of respondents primarily received information about trees from the internet, and 55.7% acquired trees from nurseries. 59% of respondents agreed that changes in climate were already occurring, 46% agreed that climate change is mainly caused by humans, and 47% thought climate change will have negative consequences. Respondents generally perceive themselves as moderately knowledgeable about climate change. 72.3% of respondents are concerned about climate changes impacts on trees and 63% believe planting trees to reduce climate change is important. Overall, 59.8% are extremely likely to support more tree-planting in parks, streets, and other public places. Respondents who perceive themselves as more knowledgeable about climate change are more likely to believe that changes in climate are due to humans and the impacts will be negative. Additionally, those respondents who consider themselves more knowledgeable are also more likely to believe planting trees can reduce negative impacts, are more likely to support more tree planting in public places, and are more concerned about climate change affecting trees, compared to those who perceive themselves as less knowledgeable. Results from these studies are important for the development of sustainable management plans, and educational outreach programs related to urban tree management.