Trends And Changes In Hydroclimatic Variables
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Trends And Changes In Hydroclimatic Variables
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Author : Ramesh Teegavarapu
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2018-09-14
Trends And Changes In Hydroclimatic Variables written by Ramesh Teegavarapu and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-14 with Science categories.
Trends and Changes in Hydroclimatic Variables: Links to Climate Variability and Change discusses the change detection and trend analysis methods used to assess hydroclimatic variables in a changing climate. Changes and trends in hydroclimatic variables are assessed using state-of-the-art methods, such as non-linear trend estimation (including spline smoothing and local regression) and handling persistence (or serial auto-correlation in data) for assessing trends in different hydroclimatic variables (e.g. pre-whitening methods). This book offers a variety of real-life case studies and problem-solving techniques for a field that is rapidly evolving. Users will find methods to evaluate points where time series characteristics change and non-homogeneity in time series. In addition, it covers the subject of climate variability and change in an immense level of detail, including changes on precipitation, streamflow and sea levels. Examines statistical methods for trend analysis, providing an excellent reference book for scholars, scientists, students and professionals Offers an exhaustive treatment of several hydroclimatic variables in one book, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of changes in hydroclimatic variables over time and space Presents case studies dealing with changes in hydroclimatic variables in different geographical regions of the world Focuses on climate variability and change, including an extensive assessment of trends and their associated links to climate variability and change
Spatial And Temporal Variations In Hydroclimatic Variables Affecting Streamflow Across Western Canada
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Author : Hayley Christina Linton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Spatial And Temporal Variations In Hydroclimatic Variables Affecting Streamflow Across Western Canada written by Hayley Christina Linton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
A large portion of the freshwater in western Canada originates as snowpack from the northern Rocky Mountains. The temperature and precipitation in these areas controls the amount of snow accumulated and stored throughout the winter, and the amount and timing of melt that occurs during the spring freshet. Therefore, a better understanding of past and future changes to the extent of snowpack and timing of melt can modify the timing of peak river flow on a continental scale. Trends in temperature, precipitation, snow accumulation, and snowmelt are examined using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test on a high resolution gridded climate dataset over western Canada for the period 1950-2010. In addition, projected changes in temperature, precipitation, snow water equivalent, and snowmelt are examined through comparison of the current (1971-2000) and future (2041-2070) time periods incorporating several regional climate models. The temporal and spatial analyses of these key hydroclimatic variables indicate that changes vary greatly over space and time. Results reveal that while both maximum and minimum temperature have increased in the past 60 years, minimum temperature has increased more than maximum temperature and is likely to continue doing so in the future. This trend is particularly evident during the colder months of the year, and at higher elevations, contributing to earlier spring melt. Between 1950 and 2010, precipitation has decreased throughout the colder months of the year and increased in the warmer months, particularly in the northern half of the study area. Future projections show increased precipitation, specifically in the north. Throughout the historical period snow accumulation has experienced decreases across the study area and through all months of the year, except for increases at high elevations. In the coldest months of the year snow accumulation is projected to increase in high elevation and northern areas while decreasing across the rest of study area in the future. Snowmelt results indicate slight increases in mid-winter melt events and an earlier onset of the spring freshet; this change is expected to continue into the future period. This study provides a summary of detected trends and potential future changes in key hydroclimatic variables across western Canada with regard to the effects these changes can have on the spring freshet and streamflow, and thus water resources, throughout the study area.
Understanding 21st Century Hydroclimatic Trends In Western Usa Mountain Ranges Using Variable Resolution Cesm
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Author : Alan Michael Rhoades
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Understanding 21st Century Hydroclimatic Trends In Western Usa Mountain Ranges Using Variable Resolution Cesm written by Alan Michael Rhoades and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Mountains have historically functioned as both natural dams and water towers as they block atmospheric moisture transport and store it in the form of snowpack. They are also unique natural sentinels of climate change with high susceptibility to fluctuations in radiation, surface temperature, and moisture concentrations. The nonlinear atmosphere-land interactions between the major mountain hydroclimate variables such as snowfall, snow cover, snow water equivalent, and surface temperature determine the ebb and flow of how mountains naturally manage water resources. Snowfall totals are representative of the storm composition, orographic forcing, and, ultimately, the initial placement of snow in mountains. Snow cover represents the areal extent of snowfall deposition and the modifications in radiative surface properties. Snow water equivalent is a measure of the vertical build-up of water over the snow covered area that can be stored and slowly released over a given time period. Finally, surface temperature regulates the total storage and release time of mountains in their role as natural reservoirs. Thus, as anthropogenic climate change modifies nonlinear feedbacks at various elevation bands in mountain environments, a physically based model with dynamic feedbacks between the large-scale atmosphere drivers and regional-scale land surface processes is necessary to understand both historical and future trends in mountain hydroclimatology. To address this my research advances the use of a new modeling tool known as variable-resolution in the Community Earth System Model (VR-CESM) to better understand the historical evolution and potential climate change effects on the mountain hydroclimatology of California and the broader western USA, with a particular focus on snowpack. My dissertation represents the first application of this technique to explore scientific questions associated with mountain hydroclimatology and utilizes a suite of climate model, observational, and reanalysis datasets to provide a comprehensive assessment of how western US water resources has and will continue to be shaped by climate change. This research topic sits at the boundary of the atmospheric, hydrologic and computer sciences with an overall goal to push the boundaries of both global climate modeling and regional climate modeling. Chapter 1 explores the usability of VR-CESM in hydroclimate applications by assessing its relative performance to a suite of model, observational, and reanalysis datasets to represent historical snowpack life cycles and snow cover extents in the California Sierra Nevada. Chapter 2 utilizes VR-CESM to explore the effects of a "business-as-usual'' climate change scenario on mountain hydroclimatological trends within the five major western US mountain ranges and explored the nonlinear feedbacks with elevation. Chapter 3 identifies the relative effects of horizontal grid refinement and sub-grid-scale physics in VR-CESM to understand what controls simulated precipitation, snowpack, and surface temperature trends and what systemic biases need to be addressed.
Climate Change Impact On Water Resources
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Author : P. V. Timbadiya
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-05-23
Climate Change Impact On Water Resources written by P. V. Timbadiya and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-23 with Science categories.
This book comprises the proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Hydraulics, Water Resources and Coastal Engineering (HYDRO 2021) focusing on broad spectrum of emerging opportunities and challenges on the impact of climate change on water resources. It covers a range of topics, including, but not limited to, climate change assessment and downscaling issues, climate change impact and adaptive measures, influence of climate variability on hydro-climatic variables, impact of climate change on water resources of Indian Rivers, etc. Presenting recent advances in the form of illustrations, tables, and text, the content offers readers insights for their own research. In addition, the book addresses fundamental concepts and studies on the impact of climate change on water resources, making it a valuable resource for both beginners and researchers wanting to further their understanding of hydraulics, water resources and coastal engineering.
Structure And Origins Of Trends In Hydrological Measures Over The Western United States
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Structure And Origins Of Trends In Hydrological Measures Over The Western United States written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
This study examines, at 1/8 degree spatial resolution, the geographic structure of observed trends in key hydrologically relevant variables across the western United States (U.S.) over the period 1950-1999, and investigates whether these trends are statistically significantly different from trends associated with natural climate variations. A number of variables were analyzed, including late winter and spring temperature, winter-total snowy days as a fraction of winter-total wet days, 1st April Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) as a fraction of October through March precipitation total (P{sub ONDJFM}), and seasonal (January-February-March; JFM) accumulated runoff as a fraction of water year accumulated runoff. The observed changes were compared to natural internal climate variability simulated by an 850-year control run of the CCSM3-FV climate model, statistically downscaled to a 1/8 degree grid using the method of Constructed Analogues. Both observed and downscaled temperature and precipitation data were then used to drive the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model to obtain the hydrological variables analyzed in this study. Large trends (magnitudes found less than 5% of the time in the long control run) are common in the observations, and occupy substantial part of the area (37-42%) over the mountainous western U.S. These trends are strongly related to the large scale warming that appears over 89% of the domain. The strongest changes in the hydrologic variables, unlikely to be associated with natural variability alone, have occurred at medium elevations (750 m to 2500 m for JFM runoff fractions and 500 m-3000 m for SWE/PONDJFM) where warming has pushed temperatures from slightly below to slightly above freezing. Further analysis using the data on selected catchments across the simulation domain indicated that hydroclimatic variables must have changed significantly (at 95% confidence level) over at least 45% of the total catchment area to achieve a detectable trend in measures accumulated to the catchment scale.
Analyzing Trends In Temperature Streamflow And Precipitation Over Southern Ontario And Qu Bec Using The Discreet Wavelet Transform
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Author : Deasy Nalley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Analyzing Trends In Temperature Streamflow And Precipitation Over Southern Ontario And Qu Bec Using The Discreet Wavelet Transform written by Deasy Nalley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
"Analysis on hydroclimatic variables can provide information on how the climate has evolved over time. This can be accomplished through time series analysis. Trend analysis in hydroclimatic variables is challenging due to their non-stationary nature and the presence of noise and stochastic components in them. The principal objective of this study is to detect and analyze trends in mean surface air temperature, total precipitation and mean streamflow obtained from several stations in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. To accomplish this, we co-utilized the wavelet transform (WT) technique (more specifically, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT)) and the Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test. The time series used were decomposed via the DWT in order to separate their high-frequency and low-frequency components, prior to testing their statistical significance with the MK trend test. The trend (i.e. slowly changing processes) is assumed to be contained in the low-frequency component of the data. The trends in temperature, precipitation and flow are assessed on different bases: monthly, seasonal, and annual. Temperature trends for the different seasons (i.e. winter, spring, summer, and autumn) were also assessed. In this study, we demonstrated the use of WT in extracting information contained in the time series that is not obvious in the raw data. The advantages of the WT technique are highlighted by its ability to extract time-frequency information contained in the analyzed time series manifested in the form of periodicities ranging from intra-annual to decadal events. A new criterion is also proposed in this study where the relative error of the MK Z-values between the approximation component of the last decomposition level and the original data was used to determine the number of decomposition levels of the analyzed time series, the type of Daubechies (db) mother wavelet, and the border condition to be used in the DWT procedure.The procedures contained in the methodology for trend analysis outlined in this study have not been explored in the existing literature. First of all, we tested for the presence of a significant autocorrelation in a time series prior to applying the MK test, which is often ignored in many trend detection studies. The time series were then decomposed via the DWT; the MK trend test and sequential MK test were then applied in order to determine the most significant periodic mode affecting the observed trends. In this study, three versions of MK test were used, depending on the characteristics of the analyzed data. The original MK test was used on data that exhibit neither seasonality patterns nor significant autocorrelations. Seasonal MK test by Hirsch and Slack (1984) was used on the time series exhibiting seasonality cycles (with or without significant autocorrelations). Modified MK test by Hamed and Rao (1998) was used on data with significant autocorrelations. Finally, combining the application of the DWT and MK test in trend assessment in hydroclimatic time series (especially in the context of Canadian studies) has not been explored. Therefore, the results obtained in this study contribute to furthering the overall understanding of climatic change in Southern Ontario and Quebec. Although the trends in the different variables studied are affected by different time periodicities, the study found that generally positive trends are more dominant. Among the most important findings of this study are: (i) all temperature data show positive values, which implies warming trends (ii) precipitation and flow trends are affected by fluctuations of up to four years, and (iii) annual positive trends in temperature may be attributed mostly by winter and summer warming. This suggests that if the temperature trends remain in the positive direction, other hydroclimatic indices may also experience significant changes in the future." --
Extreme Hydrology And Climate Variability
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Author : Assefa M. Melesse
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2019-07-03
Extreme Hydrology And Climate Variability written by Assefa M. Melesse and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-03 with Science categories.
Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability: Monitoring, Modelling, Adaptation and Mitigation is a compilation of contributions by experts from around the world who discuss extreme hydrology topics, from monitoring, to modeling and management. With extreme climatic and hydrologic events becoming so frequent, this book is a critical source, adding knowledge to the science of extreme hydrology. Topics covered include hydrometeorology monitoring, climate variability and trends, hydrological variability and trends, landscape dynamics, droughts, flood processes, and extreme events management, adaptation and mitigation. Each of the book's chapters provide background and theoretical foundations followed by approaches used and results of the applied studies. This book will be highly used by water resource managers and extreme event researchers who are interested in understanding the processes and teleconnectivity of large-scale climate dynamics and extreme events, predictability, simulation and intervention measures. Presents datasets used and methods followed to support the findings included, allowing readers to follow these steps in their own research Provides variable methodological approaches, thus giving the reader multiple hydrological modeling information to use in their work Includes a variety of case studies, thus making the context of the book relatable to everyday working situations for those studying extreme hydrology Discusses extreme event management, including adaption and mitigation
Hydroclimatology
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Author : Marlyn L. Shelton
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009
Hydroclimatology written by Marlyn L. Shelton and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Science categories.
A graduate textbook on the interdisciplinary significance of hydroclimatology, explaining the relationship between the climate system and the hydrologic cycle.
Climate Change Sensitive Water Resources Management
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Author : Ramesh S.V. Teegavarapu
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-12-17
Climate Change Sensitive Water Resources Management written by Ramesh S.V. Teegavarapu and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-17 with Nature categories.
The book provides an overview of climate change-sensitive water resources management with consideration of adaptation approaches, the assessment of climate change impacts, current contemporary management techniques, and ecological responses. Comprehensive assessments and studies from eight countries using innovative approaches that aid water management under evolving climates are documented. Topics ranging from hydrologic design to management and policy responses to climate change are discussed, which demonstrate updated theories that highlight methods, tools, and experiences on the topic of water resources under climate change. The generic approaches discussed, and their applications to different climate change-related problems, make this book appealing to a global readership. The practical and applied methodologies presented in the book and through insightful case studies discussed will provide readers worldwide with ready-to-use information to manage water resources sustainably under evolving climate. This book is ideally suited for water resource managers, scientists, professionals from water management agencies, graduate students, and national laboratory agencies responsible for water and environmental management.
Innovative Trend Methodologies In Science And Engineering
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Author : Zekâi Şen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-01-23
Innovative Trend Methodologies In Science And Engineering written by Zekâi Şen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-23 with Science categories.
This book covers all types of literature on existing trend analysis approaches, but more than 60% of the methodologies are developed here and some of them are reflected to scientific literature and others are also innovative versions, modifications or improvements. The suggested methodologies help to design, develop, manage and deliver scientific applications and training to meet the needs of interested staff in companies, industries and universities including students. Technical content and expertise are also provided from different theoretical and especially active roles in the design, development and delivery of science in particular and economics and business in general. It is also ensured that, wherever possible and technically appropriate, priority is given to the inclusion and integration of real life data, examples and processes within the book content. The time seems right, because available books just focus on special sectors (fashion, social, business). This book reviews all the available trend approaches in the present literature on rational and logical bases.