Tritium Measurement Techniques
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Tritium Measurement Techniques
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Author : National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
language : en
Publisher: Ncrp
Release Date : 1976
Tritium Measurement Techniques written by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and has been published by Ncrp this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Science categories.
"As a consequence of the increasing importance of tritium resulting from nuclear fission and neutron activation, from its use in accelerators, from its use in research and industry, and from its use in the investigation of the environment and its distribution in the environment, the NCRP designated a scientific committee to prepare a report on the currently acceptable methods of measuring tritium. This report is particularly aimed in assisting an individual to select a procedure suitable to the problem at hand." --From Preface, page iii.
Tritium Measurement Techniques
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Tritium Measurement Techniques written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with categories.
Measurement Techniques For Tritium And Carbon 14
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Author : Bommadeni Arun
language : en
Publisher: Self Employed
Release Date : 2023-03-28
Measurement Techniques For Tritium And Carbon 14 written by Bommadeni Arun and has been published by Self Employed this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-28 with categories.
Tritium and radiocarbon are pure beta emitters. Tritium has an average energy of 5.7 keV and endpoint energy of 18.6 keV [1]. Radiocarbon has an average energy of 49.5 keV and endpoint energy of 156 keV. The half-life of tritium and radiocarbon is 12.3 years and 5730 years, respectively. Hydrogen has three isotopes, namely hydrogen (1H), deuterium (2H), and tritium (3H). Among the three isotopes, tritium alone is a radioactive isotope. The natural abundance of hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium are 99.985%, 0.015%, and 1x10-18%. Carbon is also having three isotopes 12C, 13C, and 14C. The isotopes 12C and 13C are stable, whereas 14C is radioactive. The natural abundance of 12C, 13C and 14C are approximately 98.89%%, 1.11% and 1.2 x 10-10% respectively. Tritium is continuously produced in the atmosphere with cosmic-ray induced neutron activation of atmospheric gases. The reaction occurs with fast neutrons. The threshold neutron energy for the 14N (1n, 3H) 12C is 4 MeV [1].
An Evaluation Of An Organically Bound Tritium Measurement Method In Artificial And Natural Urine
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Author : A. Trivedi
language : en
Publisher: Chalk River, Ont. : Health Physics Branch, Chalk River Laboratories
Release Date : 1993
An Evaluation Of An Organically Bound Tritium Measurement Method In Artificial And Natural Urine written by A. Trivedi and has been published by Chalk River, Ont. : Health Physics Branch, Chalk River Laboratories this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Tritium categories.
An Apparatus And Method For The Measurement Of Natural Abundance Of Tritium
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Author : M. W. Hughes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
An Apparatus And Method For The Measurement Of Natural Abundance Of Tritium written by M. W. Hughes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Soil science categories.
Monitoring Of Tritium Contaminated Surfaces Including Skin
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Author : R. A. Surette
language : en
Publisher: Chalk River, Ont. : Radiation Biology and Health Physics Branch, Chalk River Laboratories
Release Date : 1994
Monitoring Of Tritium Contaminated Surfaces Including Skin written by R. A. Surette and has been published by Chalk River, Ont. : Radiation Biology and Health Physics Branch, Chalk River Laboratories this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Liquid scintillation counting categories.
The dcc-1 and dcc-2 experiments have provided the first data on dryout and quench behavior of internally heated uo2 debris in water. the pressure range of this data extends from 1 to 170 atmoshperes. both of the experiments used the annual core research reactor (acrr) at sandia national laboratories to simulate the effects of radioactive decay heating. the debris in dcc-1 ranged from 75 microns to in excess of 10 mm in diameter, with a mean diameter of 0.75 mm. the bed depth was 0.5 m and the porosity was 0.345. dryout heat fluxes ranged from about 41 kw/m sup(2) (0.021 w/g) at a saturation temperature of 100 degrees celcius to about 69 kw/m sup(2) (0.021 w/g) at 340 degrees celcius. this measured pressure dependence is a factor of two to three lower than predicted by the analytical models. this is believed to be due to the breadth of the debris distribution, but the evidence is inconclusive. quenches of dried debris took hours to complete. quench fronts progressed uniformly without the liquid fingers observed in large particle tests. the debris distribution in dcc-2 was much narrower than in dcc 1, with the majority of particles having diameters between 0.5 and 8 mm. a small amount of "fines" with diameters down to 75 microns was added to the mixture. in dcc-2, thermally stable local dry zones were observed at bed power below the conventional dryout point. these are believed to be caused by the concentration of fines creating a low permeability zone. data on global dryout, in which the bed bottom can dry out, agree well with analytical predictions. quenches of dry zones took about 10 minutes to complete. the quench fronts were not uniform, having a liquid finger which penetrated to the bottom of the bed before the quench was complete.
Radioactivity Measurement Techniques
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Author : James Hilary Pannell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1949
Radioactivity Measurement Techniques written by James Hilary Pannell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1949 with Radioactivity categories.
Tentative Reference Method For Measurement Of Tritium In Environmental Waters
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Tentative Reference Method For Measurement Of Tritium In Environmental Waters written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Radioactive pollution of water categories.
The Half Life Of Tritium By Absolute Counting
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Author : Wesley M. Jones
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1951
The Half Life Of Tritium By Absolute Counting written by Wesley M. Jones and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1951 with Half-life (Nuclear physics) categories.
This report presents the results of a measurement of the half-life of tritium by absolute counting. The method consisted of the mass-spectrometric analysis of a hydrogen-tritium mixture enriched in tritium, the dilution of some of this material with hydrogen in a known way to a countable level of activity, and the counting of a portion of the diluted gas in a Geiger counter of known effective volume.
Performance And Blank Components Of A Mass Spectrometric System For Routine Measurement Of Helium Isotopes And Tritium By The 3he Ingrowth Method
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Author : Reinhold Bayer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Performance And Blank Components Of A Mass Spectrometric System For Routine Measurement Of Helium Isotopes And Tritium By The 3he Ingrowth Method written by Reinhold Bayer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
For future studies of oceanic circulation it is necessary to develop the tritium measurement via 3He ingrowth into a routine procedure with a high capacity for efficient use. This paper attempts to demonstrate that this can be achieved using a commercial helium isotope mass spectrometer and special procedures for sample preparation, storage for 3He ingrowth, and 3He transfer from the ingrowth containers into the mass spectrometer. This method allows for measurement with a much higher precision and lower detection limit than is possible with counting techniques. Additionally, the parameters and blanks in routine operation of the system are discussed.