Tuberculosis Hiv Food Insecurity And Poverty In Rural Zambia

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Tuberculosis Hiv Food Insecurity And Poverty In Rural Zambia

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Author : Mutale Chileshe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

Tuberculosis Hiv Food Insecurity And Poverty In Rural Zambia written by Mutale Chileshe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.

The Converging Impact Of Tuberculosis Hiv Aids And Food Insecurity In Zambia And South Africa

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Author : Virginia Bond
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

The Converging Impact Of Tuberculosis Hiv Aids And Food Insecurity In Zambia And South Africa written by Virginia Bond and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.

An anthropological study carried out in 2006/7 in rural Zambia and peri-urban South Africa documented the impact of co-infection with TB and HIV on poor households in the context of poverty and overstretched public health services. The anthropological research was conducted in 18 households affected by TB throughout the period of TB treatment and in 17 comparative non-affected households. Findings reveal that families experience disease alongside desperate social and economic inequities, with more absolute poverty and a deeper degree and prevalence of food insecurity in rural Zambia. Charting patient's journeys from falling sick with TB to completing treatment revealed that most faced a protracted diagnostic period, pingponging between treatment options with trips to the government health services the most frequent. Most were extremely sick and emotionally fragile once diagnosed, many had relocated back to their parents' home, and, all were no longer able to contribute to household livelihood. During the first months of TB treatment, patients and caregivers experienced contracted mobility and networks, reduced income and increased expenditure on 'special foods'. Foods prescribed for TB patients were beyond the normal diet of households, especially in rural Zambia. As caregivers did their upmost to provide these foods (soft drinks, meat, eggs, fish, porridge), tensions and food insecurity in the households escalated, often resulting in family quarrels and caregivers themselves falling sick. In peri-urban South Africa, disability grants, food aid from the government health services and chequered food aid and material support from NGOs helped households through this period. But in Zambia, although emotional and technical support reached the households through government health services, a household counselling intervention and visits of church members, no affected household received any food aid or material support from state or NGOs and support from extended kin was very limited. More extreme coping strategies were subsequently adopted--for example selling clothes, begging, relocating--and affected households spun into deeper poverty and by the end of treatment were mostly severely short of food and in nutritional jeopardy. Across both countries, most TB patients were unable to resume previous livelihoods and most (n=13) were co-infected with HIV, throwing them onto another more long term disease trajectory. Accessing antiretroviral therapy (ART) was much more feasible in peri-urban South Africa and much harder in rural Zambia. Stigma related to TB and to HIV was more pronounced in rural Zambia but still persisted in both countries. Outcomes of TB treatment were mixed in both countries. Better outcomes included co-infected patients who started ART and experienced physical and social transformations and HIV-negative TB patients who successfully completed treatment. However, five TB patients died, one fell sick with relapse TB, two co-infected patients never started ART and one patient was not aware of his HIV status and was unwell. In the short term, only one Zambian household and five South African households recovered from the event of TB. Recommendations oscillate around reducing diagnostic delay in government health services and the provision of a comprehensive nutritional programme and social protection for TB patients and people living with HIV (PLWH).

Anthropology In Medical Education

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Author : Iveris Martinez
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-03-04

Anthropology In Medical Education written by Iveris Martinez and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-04 with Social Science categories.

This volume reflects on how anthropologists have engaged in medical education and aims to positively influence the future careers of anthropologists who are currently engaged or are considering a career in medical education. The volume is essential for medical educators, administrators, researchers, and practitioners, those interested in the history of medicine, global health, sociology of health and illness, medical and applied anthropology. For over a century, anthropologists have served in many roles in medical education: teaching, curriculum development, administration, research, and planning. Recent changes in medical education focusing on diversity, social determinants of health, and more humanistic patient-centered care have opened the door for more anthropologists in medical schools. The chapter authors describe various ways in which anthropologists have engaged and are currently involved in training physicians, in various countries, as well as potential new directions in this field. They address critical topics such as: the history of anthropology in medical education; humanism, ethics, and the culture of medicine; interprofessional and collaborative clinical care; incorporating patient perspectives in practice; addressing social determinants of health, health disparities, and cultural competence; anthropological roles in planning and implementation of medical education programs; effective strategies for teaching medical students; comparative analysis of systems of care in Japan, Uganda, France, United Kingdom, Mexico, Canada and throughout the United States; and potential new directions for anthropological engagement with medicine. The volume overall emphasizes the important role of anthropology in educating physicians throughout the world to improve patient care and population health.

Understanding Tuberculosis And Its Control

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Author : Helen Macdonald
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-09-04

Understanding Tuberculosis And Its Control written by Helen Macdonald and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-04 with Social Science categories.

Over the last two decades, attempts to control the problem of tuberculosis have become increasingly more complex, as countries adopt and adapt to evolving global TB strategies. Significant funding has also increased apace, diagnostic possibilities have evolved, and greater attention is being paid to developing broader health systems. Against this background, this book examines tuberculosis control through an anthropological lens. Drawing on ethnographic case studies from China, India, Nepal, South Africa, Romania, Brazil, Ghana and France, the volume considers: the relationship between global and national policies and their unintended effects; the emergence and impact of introducing new diagnostics; the reliance on and use of statistical numbers for representing tuberculosis, and the politics of this; the impact of the disease on health workers, as well as patients; the rise of drug-resistant forms; and issues of attempted control. Together, the examples showcase the value of an anthropological understanding to demonstrate the broader bio-political and social dimensions of tuberculosis and attempts to deal with it.

Nutrition And Hiv Aids

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Author : Nancy Dumais
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-04-29

Nutrition And Hiv Aids written by Nancy Dumais and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-29 with Medical categories.

This edited volume, “Nutrition and HIV/AIDS - Implication for Treatment, Prevention and Cure”, is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the research area. All chapters are complete in themselves but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors and opening new possible research paths for further novel developments.

Food Security Food Aid And Hiv Aids In Zambia

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Author : Peter Heffron
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001

Food Security Food Aid And Hiv Aids In Zambia written by Peter Heffron and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with AIDS (Disease) categories.

The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World 2018

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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2018-09-14

The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World 2018 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-14 with Political Science categories.

New evidence this year corroborates the rise in world hunger observed in this report last year, sending a warning that more action is needed if we aspire to end world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. Updated estimates show the number of people who suffer from hunger has been growing over the past three years, returning to prevailing levels from almost a decade ago. Although progress continues to be made in reducing child stunting, over 22 percent of children under five years of age are still affected. Other forms of malnutrition are also growing: adult obesity continues to increase in countries irrespective of their income levels, and many countries are coping with multiple forms of malnutrition at the same time – overweight and obesity, as well as anaemia in women, and child stunting and wasting.

Hiv Aids And Food And Nutrition Security

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Author : Stuart Gillespie
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2005

Hiv Aids And Food And Nutrition Security written by Stuart Gillespie and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Medical categories.

The HIV/AIDS pandemic is a global crisis with consequences that will be felt for decades to come. Thirty-nine million people are currently infected with the virus, including more than 25 million from Sub-Saharan Africa.Many millions more are affected in different ways. The ability of households and communities to ensure their own food and nutrition security is increasingly being threatened. With the most detailed evidence base yet assembled, this review systematically maps our growing knowledge of the interactions between HIV/AIDS and food and nutrition security, pointing to where and how future policy needs to change to remain relevant and effective.

Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Advances In Research And Treatment 2011 Edition

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2012-01-09

Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Advances In Research And Treatment 2011 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-09 with Medical categories.

Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes in a concise format. The editors have built Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes: Advances in Research and Treatment: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Aids Poverty And Hunger

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Author : Stuart Gillespie
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2006-01-01

Aids Poverty And Hunger written by Stuart Gillespie and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Health & Fitness categories.

"The global AIDS epidemic has caused over 25 million deaths since 1981, and there is no end in sight. It is a multidimensional, phased, long-wave crisis with impacts that will be felt for decades to come. Attempts to defeat the epidemic are conventionally grounded in the three core pillars of AIDS policy: prevention, treatment and care, and mitigation. But there is also an urgent need for a deeper understanding of the integral role that food and nutrition can and should play, and a corresponding urgency to use that understanding to improve responses at all levels.The 18 essays in AIDS, Poverty, and Hunger: Challenges and Responses contribute to such an understanding by examining the impacts of HIV and AIDS on labor markets and wages, household income and consumption dynamics, and the agricultural sector as a whole; by studying the ways in which households respond to prime-age illness, death, and food insecurity; and by exploring the implications of local responses for the roles that national and international actors must play in addressing the AIDS-hunger nexus.This book creates an opportunity for development professionals to build the conceptual links lacking in current multisectoral frameworks, assess impacts and costs, propose indicators and monitoring systems, and design appropriate food- and nutrition-related interventions and policies."