The Converging Impact Of Tuberculosis Hiv Aids And Food Insecurity In Zambia And South Africa
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The Converging Impact Of Tuberculosis Hiv Aids And Food Insecurity In Zambia And South Africa
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Author : Virginia Bond
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
The Converging Impact Of Tuberculosis Hiv Aids And Food Insecurity In Zambia And South Africa written by Virginia Bond and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
An anthropological study carried out in 2006/7 in rural Zambia and peri-urban South Africa documented the impact of co-infection with TB and HIV on poor households in the context of poverty and overstretched public health services. The anthropological research was conducted in 18 households affected by TB throughout the period of TB treatment and in 17 comparative non-affected households. Findings reveal that families experience disease alongside desperate social and economic inequities, with more absolute poverty and a deeper degree and prevalence of food insecurity in rural Zambia. Charting patient's journeys from falling sick with TB to completing treatment revealed that most faced a protracted diagnostic period, pingponging between treatment options with trips to the government health services the most frequent. Most were extremely sick and emotionally fragile once diagnosed, many had relocated back to their parents' home, and, all were no longer able to contribute to household livelihood. During the first months of TB treatment, patients and caregivers experienced contracted mobility and networks, reduced income and increased expenditure on 'special foods'. Foods prescribed for TB patients were beyond the normal diet of households, especially in rural Zambia. As caregivers did their upmost to provide these foods (soft drinks, meat, eggs, fish, porridge), tensions and food insecurity in the households escalated, often resulting in family quarrels and caregivers themselves falling sick. In peri-urban South Africa, disability grants, food aid from the government health services and chequered food aid and material support from NGOs helped households through this period. But in Zambia, although emotional and technical support reached the households through government health services, a household counselling intervention and visits of church members, no affected household received any food aid or material support from state or NGOs and support from extended kin was very limited. More extreme coping strategies were subsequently adopted--for example selling clothes, begging, relocating--and affected households spun into deeper poverty and by the end of treatment were mostly severely short of food and in nutritional jeopardy. Across both countries, most TB patients were unable to resume previous livelihoods and most (n=13) were co-infected with HIV, throwing them onto another more long term disease trajectory. Accessing antiretroviral therapy (ART) was much more feasible in peri-urban South Africa and much harder in rural Zambia. Stigma related to TB and to HIV was more pronounced in rural Zambia but still persisted in both countries. Outcomes of TB treatment were mixed in both countries. Better outcomes included co-infected patients who started ART and experienced physical and social transformations and HIV-negative TB patients who successfully completed treatment. However, five TB patients died, one fell sick with relapse TB, two co-infected patients never started ART and one patient was not aware of his HIV status and was unwell. In the short term, only one Zambian household and five South African households recovered from the event of TB. Recommendations oscillate around reducing diagnostic delay in government health services and the provision of a comprehensive nutritional programme and social protection for TB patients and people living with HIV (PLWH).
Tuberculosis Hiv Food Insecurity And Poverty In Rural Zambia
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Author : Mutale Chileshe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Tuberculosis Hiv Food Insecurity And Poverty In Rural Zambia written by Mutale Chileshe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Ex Post Impact Assessment Review Of The Regional Network On Aids Livelihoods And Food Security Renewal
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Author : Frankenberger, Tim
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2012-02-16
Ex Post Impact Assessment Review Of The Regional Network On Aids Livelihoods And Food Security Renewal written by Frankenberger, Tim and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-16 with Social Science categories.
The Regional Network on AIDS, Livelihoods, and Food Security (RENEWAL) was officially launched in 2001 as a joint project of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the International Service for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR), and was operational in Malawi, Uganda, Kenya, Zambia, and South Africa through most of 2011. RENEWAL is a network of networks comprised of national networks of food and nutrition-relevant organizations, along with partners in AIDS and public health practitioners. Its overarching goal is to provide evidence-based research on the linkages between HIV, food security, and nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa that would inform responses to prevent or mitigate the impact and consequences of AIDS. RENEWALs three main objectives are: (1) to reduce critical gaps in understanding how livelihoods, particularly those deriving from agriculture, both contribute to the spread of HIV and are affected by HIV and AIDS; (2) to generate new policy-relevant knowledge on how households and communities may strengthen both their resistance to HIV transmission and their resilience to the impacts of AIDS; and (3) to enable relevant institutions (particularly governments) to generate and act upon realistic priorities for responding to the interaction of the AIDS epidemic with food and nutrition insecurity. RENEWALs strategic approach to achieving these goals involved the three core pillars of capacity strengthening, policy communications, and action research, and the synergies resulting from their interactions. This report assesses the impact of RENEWAL activities from 2000 to 2010 and is based on a review of products resulting from RENEWAL activities (such as books, policy briefs, workshop summaries, reports, and discussion papers), stakeholder perceptions of RENEWAL products and activities, and national policy or programming changes resulting from RENEWAL-supported action research, capacity strengthening efforts, and policy communications.
Nutrition And Hiv Aids
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Author : Nancy Dumais
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-04-29
Nutrition And Hiv Aids written by Nancy Dumais and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-29 with Medical categories.
This edited volume, “Nutrition and HIV/AIDS - Implication for Treatment, Prevention and Cure”, is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the research area. All chapters are complete in themselves but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors and opening new possible research paths for further novel developments.
Geopolitics In Health
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Author : Eduardo J. Gómez
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2017-12
Geopolitics In Health written by Eduardo J. Gómez and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12 with Medical categories.
In Geopolitics in Health, Eduardo J. Gómez takes a critical look at how the emerging BRICS economies dealt with the obesity, AIDS, and tuberculosis epidemics. Despite the countries having similar international political and economic ambitions, Gómez finds that domestic policy responses were driven mainly by international, as opposed to domestic, pressures and interests. Using a theoretical framework called geopolitical positioning, Gómez explores how nations respond to international pressures and policy criticisms, as well as offers of financial and technical assistance; countries then utilize domestic policy innovations and ultimately engage in global health diplomacy in order to bolster their international reputation. --Publisher description.
Food And Nutrition Security In Southern African Cities
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Author : Bruce Frayne
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-12-22
Food And Nutrition Security In Southern African Cities written by Bruce Frayne and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-22 with Social Science categories.
Urban population growth is extremely rapid across Africa and this book places urban food and nutrition security firmly on the development and policy agenda. It shows that current efforts to address food poverty in Africa that focus entirely on small-scale farmers, to the exclusion of broader socio-economic and infrastructural approaches, are misplaced and will remain largely ineffective in ameliorating food and nutrition insecurity for the majority of Africans. Using original data from the African Food Security Urban Network’s (AFSUN) extensive database it is demonstrated that the primary food security challenge for urban households is access to food. Already linked into global food systems and value chains, Africa’s supply of food is not necessarily in jeopardy. Rather, the widespread poverty and informal urban fabric that characterizes Africa’s emerging cities impinge directly on households’ capacity to access food that is readily available. Through the analysis of empirical data collected from 6,500 households in eleven cities in nine countries in Southern Africa, the authors identify the complexity of factors and dynamics that create the circumstances of widespread food and nutrition insecurity under which urban citizens live. They also provide useful policy approaches to address these conditions that currently thwart the latent development potential of Africa’s expanding urban population.
The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World 2018
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2018-09-14
The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World 2018 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-14 with Political Science categories.
New evidence this year corroborates the rise in world hunger observed in this report last year, sending a warning that more action is needed if we aspire to end world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. Updated estimates show the number of people who suffer from hunger has been growing over the past three years, returning to prevailing levels from almost a decade ago. Although progress continues to be made in reducing child stunting, over 22 percent of children under five years of age are still affected. Other forms of malnutrition are also growing: adult obesity continues to increase in countries irrespective of their income levels, and many countries are coping with multiple forms of malnutrition at the same time – overweight and obesity, as well as anaemia in women, and child stunting and wasting.
One Step Further
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Author : Anne Sisask
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
One Step Further written by Anne Sisask and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with AIDS (Disease) categories.
Comprises ten papers that analyse how society's responses to HIV/AIDS could be improved in terms of human rights, treatment, attitudes, financing and the adoption of effective development plans. Joint production between Sida and UNRISD.
From Evidence To Action
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2018-10-18
From Evidence To Action written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-18 with Business & Economics categories.
Cash transfers have become a key social protection tool in developing countries and have expanded dramatically in the last two decades. However, the impacts of cash transfers programmes, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, have not been substantially documented. This book presents a detailed overview of the impact evaluations of these programmes, carried out by the Transfer Project and FAO’s From Protection to Production project. The 14 chapters include a review of eight country case studies: Kenya, Ghana, Ethiopia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, as well as a description of the innovative research methodologies, political economy issues and good practices to design cash transfer programmes. The key objective of the book is to enhance the understanding of these development programmes, how they lead to a broad range of social and productive impacts and also of the role of programme evaluation in the process of developing policies and implementing programmes.
Children As Caregivers
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Author : Jean Hunleth
language : en
Publisher: Rutgers University Press
Release Date : 2017-03-03
Children As Caregivers written by Jean Hunleth and has been published by Rutgers University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-03 with Social Science categories.
In Zambia, due to the rise of tuberculosis and the closely connected HIV epidemic, a large number of children have experienced the illness or death of at least one parent. Children as Caregivers examines how well intentioned practitioners fail to realize that children take on active caregiving roles when their guardians become seriously ill and demonstrates why understanding children’s care is crucial for global health policy. Using ethnographic methods, and listening to the voices of the young as well as adults, Jean Hunleth makes the caregiving work of children visible. She shows how children actively seek to “get closer” to ill guardians by providing good care. Both children and ill adults define good care as attentiveness of the young to adults’ physical needs, the ability to carry out treatment and medication programs in the home, and above all, the need to maintain physical closeness and proximity. Children understand that losing their guardians will not only be emotionally devastating, but that such loss is likely to set them adrift in Zambian society, where education and advancement depend on maintaining familial, reciprocal relationships. View a gallery of images from the book (https://www.flickr.com/photos/childrenascaregivers)