Twenty Years Of Ozone Decline
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Twenty Years Of Ozone Decline
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Author : Christos Zerefos
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-05-24
Twenty Years Of Ozone Decline written by Christos Zerefos and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-24 with Science categories.
Homer speaks of lightning bolts after which ‘a grim reek of sulphur bursts forth’ and the air was ‘?lled with reeking brimstone’. (Homer 3000 BC). The odour was not actually the smell of sulphur dioxide associated with burning sulphur, but rather was the ?rst recorded detection of the presence of another strong odour, that of ozone (O ) in Earth’s atmosphere. These molecules were formed by the passage of 3 lightning through the air, created by splitting the abundant molecular oxygen (O ) 2 molecules into two, followed by the addition of each of the free O atoms to another O to form the triatomic product. In fact, most of the ozone molecules present 2 in the atmosphere at any time have been made by this same two-step splitti- plus-combination process, although the initiating cause usually begins with very energetic solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation rather than lightning. Many thousands of years later, the modern history of ozone began with its synthesis in the laboratory of H. F. Schonbein in 1840 (Nolte 1999), although the positive con?rmation of its three-oxygen atom chemical formula came along sometime later. Scienti?c interest in high-altitude stratospheric ozone dates back to 1881 when Hartley measured the spectrum of ozone in the laboratory and found that its ability to absorb UV light extended only to 293nm at the long wavelength end (Hartley 1881a).
The Stratosphere
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Author : L. M. Polvani
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-04-30
The Stratosphere written by L. M. Polvani and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-30 with Science categories.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 190. The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, and Chemistry is the first volume in 20 years that offers a comprehensive review of the Earth's stratosphere, increasingly recognized as an important component of the climate system. The volume addresses key advances in our understanding of the stratospheric circulation and transport and summarizes the last two decades of research to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the state of the field. This monograph reviews many important aspects of the dynamics, transport, and chemistry of the stratosphere by some of the world's leading experts, including up-to-date discussions of Dynamics of stratospheric polar vortices Chemistry and dynamics of the ozone hole Role of solar variability in the stratosphere Effect of gravity waves in the stratosphere Importance of atmospheric annular modes This volume will be of interest to graduate students and scientists who wish to learn more about the stratosphere. It will also be useful to atmospheric science departments as a textbook for classes on the stratosphere.
No Way Back
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Author : Joel Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: American Enterprise Institute
Release Date : 2003
No Way Back written by Joel Schwartz and has been published by American Enterprise Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Nature categories.
Claims that air pollution will increase are not only false, but the exact opposite of what will actually happen.
The Konstantinos Karamanlis Institute For Democracy Yearbook 2011
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Author : Konstantina E. Botsiou
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-04-07
The Konstantinos Karamanlis Institute For Democracy Yearbook 2011 written by Konstantina E. Botsiou and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-07 with Political Science categories.
The global economy is still experiencing the effects of the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. Over the last three years economies worldwide have slowed and international trade has declined. Most importantly, the crisis has negatively affected the lives of ordinary people, creating a sense of uncertainty about the future and thus posing a direct threat to social cohesion, thus posing new challenges to political leadership. Climate change is also forcing the developed world to formulate a common strategy that will balance growth and environmental protection. The aim of the book is to examine these international trends and comprehend the transformations that take place internationally. The multi-authored work presents several accounts on the course of vital aspects of politics and economy. As a result, the contents of the book focusses on four main subjects: 1) global economic crisis and its consequences, 2) economic governance, 3) political leadership, and 4) climate change.
Paul J Crutzen And The Anthropocene A New Epoch In Earth S History
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Author : Susanne Benner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-01-01
Paul J Crutzen And The Anthropocene A New Epoch In Earth S History written by Susanne Benner and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-01 with Science categories.
This book outlines the development and perspectives of the Anthropocene concept by Paul J. Crutzen and his colleagues from its inception to its implications for the sciences, humanities, society and politics. The main text consists primarily of articles from peer-reviewed scientific journals and other scholarly sources. It comprises selected articles on the Anthropocene published by Paul J. Crutzen and a selection of related articles, mostly but not exclusively by colleagues with whom he collaborated closely. • In the year 2000 Nobel Laureate Paul J. Crutzen proposed the Anthropocene concept as a new epoch in Earth’s history • Comprehensive collection of articles on the Anthropocene by Paul J. Crutzen and his colleagues• Unique primary research literature and Crutzen’s comprehensive bibliography• Paul Crutzen’s scientific investigations into human influences on atmospheric chemistry and physics, the climate and the Earth system, leading to the conception of the Anthropocene• Reflections on the Anthropocene and its implications• Bibliometric review of the spread of the use of the Anthropocene concept in the Natural and Social Sciences, Humanities and Law
Climatic Changes Since 1700
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Author : Stefan Brönnimann
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-10-19
Climatic Changes Since 1700 written by Stefan Brönnimann and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-19 with Science categories.
The proposed book is not only a tribute to the work of Brückner (and indeed also a personal tribute, since Brückner wrote his book at the Institute of Geography of the University of Bern), but references to Brückner’s book are also a conceptual tool in the proposed book, though used sparingly and thoughtfully. Apart from providing historical context, references may facilitate introducing some complex topics, for instance by first presenting Brückner’s view and then complementing the picture with today’s understanding. References can be used for contrast: Comparing Brückner’s methods and data with today’s research concepts makes the progress in the field easily understandable. The enormous growth of information since Brükner’s time allows a much more detailed perspective on some scientific problems. Or references can be used to highlight similarity. Some aspects have not changed over time. Finally, the book complements Brückner’s studies by adding the arguably most interesting and certainly most relevant period, the past 120 years.
Waging Nuclear Peace
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Author : Robert Ehrlich
language : en
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Release Date : 1985-06-30
Waging Nuclear Peace written by Robert Ehrlich and has been published by State University of New York Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985-06-30 with Political Science categories.
Waging Nuclear Peace is a clear and informative interdisciplinary survey of the issues surrounding nuclear war. It raises and attempts to answer questions that often go unasked. How can we measure the risk of nuclear war? Will slowing the arms race reduce the risk of war? Is disarmament desirable or undesirable in this respect? Robert Ehrlich has succeeded in being as objective as possible, while at the same time taking well-defined positions on a wide range of subjects. Yet the book does not purport to have the answers to the nuclear dilemma. Instead, it assists the reader in thinking through the issues and in coming to a personal conclusion. Comprehensive in its scope, Waging Nuclear Peace encompasses both technical issues, such as the effects of nuclear weapons, and policy issues, such as arms control, the nature of the arms race, and the feasibility of civil defense. It includes material on new findings concerning "nuclear winter" — the catastrophic change in global climate that might follow a nuclear war.
Multilateral Environmental Agreements And Compliance
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Author : Anna Huggins
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-11-27
Multilateral Environmental Agreements And Compliance written by Anna Huggins and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-27 with Law categories.
The adoption of administrative procedures in global governance has the potential to foster proper consideration of marginalized actors’ interests, yet risks entrenching the dominance of the well-resourced and powerful. Accordingly, this book proposes a new framework for evaluating the extent to which administrative procedures in the compliance systems of multilateral environmental agreements constrain power and promote regard for the interests of affected states, which are frequently developing and transition countries. This framework is applied to the compliance systems under the Montreal Protocol, the Kyoto Protocol and CITES, which address critical global environmental issues of ozone-layer depletion, climate change and trade in endangered species, respectively. The analysis shows that, under certain conditions, administrative procedures limit the influence of states’ asymmetric power on compliance deliberations. Furthermore, systematic adoption of these procedures increases the opportunities for affected states’ interests to be voiced and considered in compliance decision-making processes.
Physics And Chemistry Of The Arctic Atmosphere
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Author : Alexander Kokhanovsky
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-01-29
Physics And Chemistry Of The Arctic Atmosphere written by Alexander Kokhanovsky and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-29 with Science categories.
This book presents current knowledge on chemistry and physics of Arctic atmosphere. Special attention is given to studies of the Arctic haze phenomenon, Arctic tropospheric clouds, Arctic fog, polar stratospheric and mesospheric clouds, atmospheric dynamics, thermodynamics and radiative transfer as related to the polar environment. The atmosphere-cryosphere feedbacks and atmospheric remote sensing techniques are presented in detail. The problems of climate change in the Arctic are also addressed.
Paul J Crutzen A Pioneer On Atmospheric Chemistry And Climate Change In The Anthropocene
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Author : Paul J. Crutzen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-15
Paul J Crutzen A Pioneer On Atmospheric Chemistry And Climate Change In The Anthropocene written by Paul J. Crutzen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-15 with Science categories.
This open access book contains texts by the Nobel laureate Paul J. Crutzen who is best known for his research on ozone depletion. It comprises Crutzen’s autobiography, several pictures documenting important stages of his life, and his most important scientific publications. The Dutch atmospheric chemist is one of the world’s most cited scientists in geosciences. His political engagement makes him a tireless ambassador for environmental issues such as climate change. He popularized the term ‘Anthropocene’ for the current geological era acknowledging the enduring influence of humankind on planet Earth. This concept conceives humans to be a geologic factor, influencing the evolution of our globe and the living beings populating it. The selection of texts is representing Paul Crutzen ́s scientific oeuvre as his research interests span from ozone depletion to the climatic impacts of biomass burning, the consequences of a worldwide atomic war – the Nuclear Winter - to geoengineering and the Anthropocene. This book is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.