Two Dimensions Of Time


Two Dimensions Of Time
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Extra Dimensions In Space And Time


Extra Dimensions In Space And Time
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Author : Itzhak Bars
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-12-04

Extra Dimensions In Space And Time written by Itzhak Bars and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-04 with Science categories.


In physics, the idea of extra spatial dimensions originates from Nordstöm’s 5-dimensional vector theory in 1914, followed by Kaluza-Klein theory in 1921, in an effort to unify general relativity and electromagnetism in a 5 dimensional space-time (4 dimensions for space and 1 for time). Kaluza–Klein theory didn’t generate enough interest with physicist for the next five decades, due to its problems with inconsistencies. With the advent of supergravity theory (the theory that unifies general relativity and supersymmetry theories) in late 1970’s and eventually, string theories (1980s) and M-theory (1990s), the dimensions of space-time increased to 11 (10-space and 1-time dimension). There are two main features in this book that differentiates it from other books written about extra dimensions: The first feature is the coverage of extra dimensions in time (Two Time physics), which has not been covered in earlier books about extra dimensions. All other books mainly cover extra spatial dimensions. The second feature deals with level of presentation. The material is presented in a non-technical language followed by additional sections (in the form of appendices or footnotes) that explain the basic equations and formulas in the theories. This feature is very attractive to readers who want to find out more about the theories involved beyond the basic description for a layperson. The text is designed for scientifically literate non-specialists who want to know the latest discoveries in theoretical physics in a non-technical language. Readers with basic undergraduate background in modern physics and quantum mechanics can easily understand the technical sections. Part I starts with an overview of the Standard Model of particles and forces, notions of Einstein’s special and general relativity, and the overall view of the universe from the Big Bang to the present epoch, and covers Two-Time physics. 2T-physics has worked correctly at all scales of physics, both macroscopic and microscopic, for which there is experimental data so far. In addition to revealing hidden information even in familiar "everyday" physics, it also makes testable predictions in lesser known physics regimes that could be analyzed at the energy scales of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN or in cosmological observations." Part II of the book is focused on extra dimensions of space. It covers the following topics: The Popular View of Extra Dimensions, Einstein and the Fourth Dimension, Traditional Extra Dimensions, Einstein's Gravity, The Theory Formerly Known as String, Warped Extra Dimensions, and How Do We Look For Extra Dimensions?



Data Science


Data Science
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Author : Ivo D. Dinov
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2021-12-06

Data Science written by Ivo D. Dinov and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-06 with Computers categories.


The amount of new information is constantly increasing, faster than our ability to fully interpret and utilize it to improve human experiences. Addressing this asymmetry requires novel and revolutionary scientific methods and effective human and artificial intelligence interfaces. By lifting the concept of time from a positive real number to a 2D complex time (kime), this book uncovers a connection between artificial intelligence (AI), data science, and quantum mechanics. It proposes a new mathematical foundation for data science based on raising the 4D spacetime to a higher dimension where longitudinal data (e.g., time-series) are represented as manifolds (e.g., kime-surfaces). This new framework enables the development of innovative data science analytical methods for model-based and model-free scientific inference, derived computed phenotyping, and statistical forecasting. The book provides a transdisciplinary bridge and a pragmatic mechanism to translate quantum mechanical principles, such as particles and wavefunctions, into data science concepts, such as datum and inference-functions. It includes many open mathematical problems that still need to be solved, technological challenges that need to be tackled, and computational statistics algorithms that have to be fully developed and validated. Spacekime analytics provide mechanisms to effectively handle, process, and interpret large, heterogeneous, and continuously-tracked digital information from multiple sources. The authors propose computational methods, probability model-based techniques, and analytical strategies to estimate, approximate, or simulate the complex time phases (kime directions). This allows transforming time-varying data, such as time-series observations, into higher-dimensional manifolds representing complex-valued and kime-indexed surfaces (kime-surfaces). The book includes many illustrations of model-based and model-free spacekime analytic techniques applied to economic forecasting, identification of functional brain activation, and high-dimensional cohort phenotyping. Specific case-study examples include unsupervised clustering using the Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index (MCSI), model-based inference using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, and model-free inference using the UK Biobank data archive. The material includes mathematical, inferential, computational, and philosophical topics such as Heisenberg uncertainty principle and alternative approaches to large sample theory, where a few spacetime observations can be amplified by a series of derived, estimated, or simulated kime-phases. The authors extend Newton-Leibniz calculus of integration and differentiation to the spacekime manifold and discuss possible solutions to some of the "problems of time". The coverage also includes 5D spacekime formulations of classical 4D spacetime mathematical equations describing natural laws of physics, as well as, statistical articulation of spacekime analytics in a Bayesian inference framework. The steady increase of the volume and complexity of observed and recorded digital information drives the urgent need to develop novel data analytical strategies. Spacekime analytics represents one new data-analytic approach, which provides a mechanism to understand compound phenomena that are observed as multiplex longitudinal processes and computationally tracked by proxy measures. This book may be of interest to academic scholars, graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, artificial intelligence and machine learning engineers, biostatisticians, econometricians, and data analysts. Some of the material may also resonate with philosophers, futurists, astrophysicists, space industry technicians, biomedical researchers, health practitioners, and the general public.



The Infinite Universe


The Infinite Universe
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Author : Tim Andersen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-05-04

The Infinite Universe written by Tim Andersen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-04 with categories.


This book is for anyone who wants a fresh approach to modern physics. Are you tired of amusing anecdotes about scientists' personal lives and eureka moments? Bored of chronological narratives of scientific progress through the ages? No longer wowed by ideas like string theory? Interested in first principles thinking and what it can do for you? This book is for you. This book is designed to take you step by step through the fundamental principles that underlie the physics of space, time, and matter. It is a how-to guide for building up our universe from first principles. By posing questions and answering them with illustrations and examples, the book shows how we can demonstrate what we know about the universe with simple concepts and thought experiments. With this book, you too can apply first principles to build up your own model of the universe and how it works, one you can take with you, and apply it to other areas of your life such as your job, business, even your relationships. There are no complicated mathematics in this book and I have minimized the amount of jargon. Thus, it is suitable anyone of any educational background from high school on. The book aims to be straightforward about how we get from simple ideas to complex physical theories. So, if you are interested in a new way of looking at the universe and are not afraid to unlearn some of what you have learned, take a look inside.



Dichronauts


Dichronauts
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Author : Greg Egan
language : en
Publisher: Greg Egan
Release Date : 2017-03-31

Dichronauts written by Greg Egan and has been published by Greg Egan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-31 with Fiction categories.


Seth is a surveyor, along with his friend Theo, a leech-like creature running through his skull who tells Seth what lies to his left and right. Theo, in turn, relies on Seth for mobility, and for ordinary vision looking forwards and backwards. Like everyone else in their world, they are symbionts, depending on each other to survive. In the universe containing Seth’s world, light cannot travel in all directions: there is a “dark cone” to the north and south. Seth can only face to the east (or the west, if he tips his head backwards). If he starts to turn to the north or south, his body stretches out across the landscape, and to rotate to face north-east is every bit as impossible as accelerating to the speed of light. Every living thing in Seth’s world is in a state of perpetual migration as they follow the sun’s shifting orbit and the narrow habitable zone it creates. Cities are being constantly disassembled at one edge and rebuilt at the other, with surveyors mapping safe routes ahead. But when Seth and Theo join an expedition to the edge of the habitable zone, they discover a terrifying threat: a fissure in the surface of the world, so deep and wide that no one can perceive its limits. As the habitable zone continues to move, the migration will soon be blocked by this unbridgeable void, and the expedition has only one option to save its city from annihilation: descend into the unknown.



Extra Dimensions In Space And Time


Extra Dimensions In Space And Time
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Author : Itzhak Bars
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-11-01

Extra Dimensions In Space And Time written by Itzhak Bars and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-01 with Science categories.


In physics, the idea of extra spatial dimensions originates from Nordstöm’s 5-dimensional vector theory in 1914, followed by Kaluza-Klein theory in 1921, in an effort to unify general relativity and electromagnetism in a 5 dimensional space-time (4 dimensions for space and 1 for time). Kaluza–Klein theory didn’t generate enough interest with physicist for the next five decades, due to its problems with inconsistencies. With the advent of supergravity theory (the theory that unifies general relativity and supersymmetry theories) in late 1970’s and eventually, string theories (1980s) and M-theory (1990s), the dimensions of space-time increased to 11 (10-space and 1-time dimension). There are two main features in this book that differentiates it from other books written about extra dimensions: The first feature is the coverage of extra dimensions in time (Two Time physics), which has not been covered in earlier books about extra dimensions. All other books mainly cover extra spatial dimensions. The second feature deals with level of presentation. The material is presented in a non-technical language followed by additional sections (in the form of appendices or footnotes) that explain the basic equations and formulas in the theories. This feature is very attractive to readers who want to find out more about the theories involved beyond the basic description for a layperson. The text is designed for scientifically literate non-specialists who want to know the latest discoveries in theoretical physics in a non-technical language. Readers with basic undergraduate background in modern physics and quantum mechanics can easily understand the technical sections. Part I starts with an overview of the Standard Model of particles and forces, notions of Einstein’s special and general relativity, and the overall view of the universe from the Big Bang to the present epoch, and covers Two-Time physics. 2T-physics has worked correctly at all scales of physics, both macroscopic and microscopic, for which there is experimental data so far. In addition to revealing hidden information even in familiar "everyday" physics, it also makes testable predictions in lesser known physics regimes that could be analyzed at the energy scales of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN or in cosmological observations." Part II of the book is focused on extra dimensions of space. It covers the following topics: The Popular View of Extra Dimensions, Einstein and the Fourth Dimension, Traditional Extra Dimensions, Einstein's Gravity, The Theory Formerly Known as String, Warped Extra Dimensions, and How Do We Look For Extra Dimensions?



Two Dimensions Of Time


Two Dimensions Of Time
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Author : Atso A. Eerikäinen
language : en
Publisher: Peter Lang Pub Incorporated
Release Date : 2003

Two Dimensions Of Time written by Atso A. Eerikäinen and has been published by Peter Lang Pub Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Philosophy categories.


The so-called theory of everything (T.O.E.) of reality cannot be perfect, if it ignores reality of the mind, from where we are looking at, researching, and describing reality as it is. One cannot progress very far in answering the metaphysical questions about reality without considering problems about time. Because time is the most crucial of all metaphysical and physical problems, it must be resolved in order to find a T.O.E. A German theologian, Karl Heim (1874-1958), gave a notable ontological answer to the enigmatic problem of time. In his T.O.E., time is two-dimensional space. Contents: An Outline of Heim's Dimensional Thinking - The Philosophical Background of the Dimensional Theory: Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, Natorp, Rickert, Husserl, Heidegger, Einstein, and Heisenberg - The Basic Concepts: Space, Boundary, and Polarity/The Dimensional Theory and its Contributions to Philosophy, Science, and Theology.



String Theory For Dummies


String Theory For Dummies
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Author : Andrew Zimmerman Jones
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-11-16

String Theory For Dummies written by Andrew Zimmerman Jones and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-16 with Science categories.


A clear, plain-English guide to this complex scientific theory String theory is the hottest topic in physics right now, with books on the subject (pro and con) flying out of the stores. String Theory For Dummies offers an accessible introduction to this highly mathematical "theory of everything," which posits ten or more dimensions in an attempt to explain the basic nature of matter and energy. Written for both students and people interested in science, this guide explains concepts, discusses the string theory's hypotheses and predictions, and presents the math in an approachable manner. It features in-depth examples and an easy-to-understand style so that readers can understand this controversial, cutting-edge theory.



Imagining The Tenth Dimension


Imagining The Tenth Dimension
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Author : Rob Bryanton
language : en
Publisher: Talking Dog Studios
Release Date : 2006

Imagining The Tenth Dimension written by Rob Bryanton and has been published by Talking Dog Studios this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Body, Mind & Spirit categories.


"A fascinating excursion into the multiverse - clear, elegant, personal, provocative." - (Hugo and Nebula award-winning author Greg Bear.) Read the book whose companion website (tenthdimension.com) has already achieved worldwide popularity.



Advances In Databases


Advances In Databases
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Author : Michael F. Worboys
language : en
Publisher: Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Release Date : 1993-06-23

Advances In Databases written by Michael F. Worboys and has been published by Lecture Notes in Computer Science this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-06-23 with Computers categories.


This volume contains the proceedings of the eleventh British National Conference on Databases, held at Keele University, England. A dominant themein the volume is the provision of the means to enhance the capabilities of databases to handle information that has a rich semantic structure. A major research question is how to achieve such a semantic scale-up without sacrificing performance. There are currently two main paradigms within which it is possible to propose answers to this question, deduction-oriented and object-oriented. Both paradigms are well represented in this collection, with the balance in the direction of the deductive approach, which is followed by both the invited papers, by Michael Freeston from the European Computer-Industry Research Centre in Munich and Carlo Zaniolo from the University of California at Los Angeles. In addition, the volume contains 13 full papers selected from a total of36 submissions.



The Elegant Universe


The Elegant Universe
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Author : Brian Greene
language : en
Publisher: Random House
Release Date : 2011-05-31

The Elegant Universe written by Brian Greene and has been published by Random House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-31 with Science categories.


'Compulsively readable...Green threatens to do for string theory what Stephen Hawking did for holes' New York Times In this international bestseller, Columbia University professor Brian Greene provides, in layman’s terms, a comprehensive demystification of string theory. Greene, one of the world's leading string theorists, peels away layers of the unknown, through introducing concepts from quantum mechanics to general relativity, to reveal a universe that consists of eleven dimensions. Accessible and enlightening, Greene's inimitable blend of expert scientific insight and literary ingenuity makes The Elegant Universe an exhilarating read that brings us closer to understanding how our magnificent universe works. ‘Utterly absorbing...a brilliant achievement. An accessible, equationless account of strings’ Sunday Telegraph