Typicality Reasoning In Probability Physics And Metaphysics
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Typicality Reasoning In Probability Physics And Metaphysics
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Author : Dustin Lazarovici
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-12-18
Typicality Reasoning In Probability Physics And Metaphysics written by Dustin Lazarovici and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-18 with Science categories.
This book provides a comprehensive investigation into the concept of typicality and its significance for physics and the philosophy of science. It identifies typicality as a fundamental way of reasoning, central to how natural laws explain and are tested against phenomena. The book discusses various applications of typicality to foundational questions in physics and beyond.These include: a unified interpretation of objective probabilities in classical mechanics and quantum mechanics a detailed discussion of Boltzmann's statistical mechanics, entropy, and the second law of thermodynamics a novel account of the asymmetry of causation and the arrow of time Finally, the book turns to the question: "What are laws of nature"? It argues that typicality extends to a powerful way of reasoning in metaphysics that can and should inform our commitments about the fundamental ontology of the world. On this basis, it develops an argument against the Humean best system account, according to which laws of nature are merely an efficient summary of contingent regularities.
Typicality As A Way Of Reasoning In Physics And Metaphysics
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Author : Dustin Lazarovici
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Typicality As A Way Of Reasoning In Physics And Metaphysics written by Dustin Lazarovici and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Thèse. Lettres. 2020.
Laws Of Nature And Chances
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Author : Barry Loewer
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024-07-25
Laws Of Nature And Chances written by Barry Loewer and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-25 with Science categories.
Barry Loewer presents a novel account of the metaphysics of law of nature, chances, fundamental ontology, and the space-time arena they occupy. He calls this the Package Deal Account. This aims to answer Stephen Hawking's question "What is it that breathes fire into the equations and makes a universe for them to describe?" Loewer's account stands on the shoulders of David Lewis's Humean Best Systems Account of laws and chances, but rejects Lewis' Humean ontology of natural properties, and instead lets the criteria that physicists employ for evaluating candidate fundamental theories of everything, together with reality, determine the universe's fundamental ontology. The Package Deal Account thus advances the project of naturalizing metaphysics. Loewer discusses the history of the concept of laws of nature, current philosophical accounts of the metaphysics of laws, and arguments for and against each of these. He then shows how the Package Deal Account overcomes objections to each, and how, unlike Lewis's Humean account and its non-Humean rivals, it is able to accommodate recent developments in physics, including proposals for theories of quantum gravity that reject the fundamentality of space-time. Loewer provides in addition an account of the laws and chances that occur in non-fundamental special sciences and how they are related to those of fundamental physics.
Probabilities In Physics
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Author : Claus Beisbart
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-09-15
Probabilities In Physics written by Claus Beisbart and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-15 with Philosophy categories.
Many results of modern physics—those of quantum mechanics, for instance—come in a probabilistic guise. But what do probabilistic statements in physics mean? Are probabilities matters of objective fact and part of the furniture of the world, as objectivists think? Or do they only express ignorance or belief, as Bayesians suggest? And how are probabilistic hypotheses justified and supported by empirical evidence? Finally, what does the probabilistic nature of physics imply for our understanding of the world? This volume is the first to provide a philosophical appraisal of probabilities in all of physics. Its main aim is to make sense of probabilistic statements as they occur in the various physical theories and models and to provide a plausible epistemology and metaphysics of probabilities. The essays collected here consider statistical physics, probabilistic modelling, and quantum mechanics, and critically assess the merits and disadvantages of objectivist and subjectivist views of probabilities in these fields. In particular, the Bayesian and Humean views of probabilities and the varieties of Boltzmann's typicality approach are examined. The contributions on quantum mechanics discuss the special character of quantum correlations, the justification of the famous Born Rule, and the role of probabilities in a quantum field theoretic framework. Finally, the connections between probabilities and foundational issues in physics are explored. The Reversibility Paradox, the notion of entropy, and the ontology of quantum mechanics are discussed. Other essays consider Humean supervenience and the question whether the physical world is deterministic.
Reasoning About Luck
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Author : Vinay Ambegaokar
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1996-07-13
Reasoning About Luck written by Vinay Ambegaokar and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-07-13 with Mathematics categories.
This book introduces the reader to statistical reasoning and its use in physics. It is based on a course taught to non-science majors at Cornell, and differs from other treatments by its wide-ranging use of quantitative methods, which are built up in a constructive way and assume only that the reader can add, subtract, multiply and divide with confidence. The author begins with a self-contained introduction to the everyday uses of probability, including the quantitative assessment of statistical information. Following a chapter on useful mathematical concepts, he develops the basic ideas of mechanical motion, the molecular theory of gases, entropy as a measure of molecular agitation, limitations on the conversion of heat to work, the physics of the direction of time, chaos, and the role of probability in quantum mechanics. To aid self-instruction, there are solved problems at the end of each chapter.
Psychological Metaphysics
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Author : Peter A. White
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-03-27
Psychological Metaphysics written by Peter A. White and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-27 with Psychology categories.
The research literature on causal attribution and social cognition generally consists of many fascinating but fragmented and superficial phenomena. These can only be understood as an organised whole by elucidating the fundamental psychological assumptions on which they depend. Originally published in 1993, Psychological Metaphysics is an exploration of the most basic and important assumptions in the psychological construction of reality, with the aim of showing what they are, how they originate, and what they are there for. Peter A. White proposes that people basically understand causation in terms of stable, specific powers of things operating to produce effects under suitable conditions. This underpins an analysis of people’s understanding of causal processes in the physical word and of human action, which makes a radical break with the Heiderian tradition. Psychological Metaphysics suggests that causal attribution is in the service of the person’s practical concerns and any interest in accuracy or understanding is subservient to this. A notion of regularity in the world is of no more than minor importance in causal attribution, and social cognition is not so much a matter of cognitive mechanisms or processes but more of cultural ways of thinking imposed upon tacit, unquestioned, universal assumptions. Psychological Metaphysics incorporates not only research and theory in social cognition and developmental psychology, but also philosophy and the history of ideas. It will be challenging to everyone interested in how we try to understand the world.
Understanding Quantum Mechanics
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Author : Detlef Dürr
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-03-16
Understanding Quantum Mechanics written by Detlef Dürr and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-16 with Science categories.
This book discusses the physical and mathematical foundations of modern quantum mechanics and three realistic quantum theories that John Stuart Bell called "theories without observers" because they do not merely speak about measurements but develop an objective picture of the physical world. These are Bohmian mechanics, the GRW collapse theory, and the Many Worlds theory. The book is ideal to accompany or supplement a lecture course on quantum mechanics, but also suited for self-study, particularly for those who have completed such a course but are left puzzled by the question: "What does the mathematical formalism, which I have so laboriously learned and applied, actually tell us about nature?”
Statistical Mechanics And Scientific Explanation Determinism Indeterminism And Laws Of Nature
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Author : Valia Allori
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2020-04-22
Statistical Mechanics And Scientific Explanation Determinism Indeterminism And Laws Of Nature written by Valia Allori and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-22 with Science categories.
The book explores several open questions in the philosophy and the foundations of statistical mechanics. Each chapter is written by a leading expert in philosophy of physics and/or mathematical physics. Here is a list of questions that are addressed in the book:
Actual Causality
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Author : Joseph Y. Halpern
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2016-08-12
Actual Causality written by Joseph Y. Halpern and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-12 with Computers categories.
Explores actual causality, and such related notions as degree of responsibility, degree of blame, and causal explanation. The goal is to arrive at a definition of causality that matches our natural language usage and is helpful, for example, to a jury deciding a legal case, a programmer looking for the line of code that cause some software to fail, or an economist trying to determine whether austerity caused a subsequent depression.
New Directions In The Philosophy Of Science
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Author : Maria Carla Galavotti
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-06-02
New Directions In The Philosophy Of Science written by Maria Carla Galavotti and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-02 with Science categories.
This volume sheds light on still unexplored issues and raises new questions in the main areas addressed by the philosophy of science. Bringing together selected papers from three main events, the book presents the most advanced scientific results in the field and suggests innovative lines for further investigation. It explores how discussions on several notions of the philosophy of science can help different scientific disciplines in learning from each other. Finally, it focuses on the relationship between Cambridge and Vienna in twentieth century philosophy of science. The areas examined in the book are: formal methods, the philosophy of the natural and life sciences, the cultural and social sciences, the physical sciences and the history of the philosophy of science.