Typicality Reasoning In Probability Physics And Metaphysics
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Typicality Reasoning In Probability Physics And Metaphysics
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Author : Dustin Lazarovici
language : en
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Release Date : 2024-12-04
Typicality Reasoning In Probability Physics And Metaphysics written by Dustin Lazarovici and has been published by Palgrave Macmillan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-04 with Mathematics categories.
This book provides a comprehensive investigation into the concept of typicality and its significance for physics and the philosophy of science. It identifies typicality as a fundamental way of reasoning, central to how natural laws explain and are tested against phenomena. The book discusses various applications of typicality to foundational questions in physics and beyond.These include: a unified interpretation of objective probabilities in classical mechanics and quantum mechanics a detailed discussion of Boltzmann's statistical mechanics, entropy, and the second law of thermodynamics a novel account of the asymmetry of causation and the arrow of time Finally, the book turns to the question: "What are laws of nature"? It argues that typicality extends to a powerful way of reasoning in metaphysics that can and should inform our commitments about the fundamental ontology of the world. On this basis, it develops an argument against the Humean best system account, according to which laws of nature are merely an efficient summary of contingent regularities. Dustin Lazarovici studied physics and mathematics at the University of Munich. He holds a PhD in mathematics from the University of Munich and a PhD in philosophy from the University of Lausanne. He is currently an Assistant Professor for philosophy of physics and philosophy of science at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology.
Typicality Reasoning In Probability Physics And Metaphysics
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Author : Dustin Lazarovici
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-11-16
Typicality Reasoning In Probability Physics And Metaphysics written by Dustin Lazarovici and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-16 with Science categories.
This book provides a comprehensive investigation into the concept of typicality and its significance for physics and the philosophy of science. It identifies typicality as a fundamental way of reasoning, central to how natural laws explain and are tested against phenomena. The book discusses various applications of typicality to foundational questions in physics and beyond.These include: a unified interpretation of objective probabilities in classical mechanics and quantum mechanics a detailed discussion of Boltzmann's statistical mechanics, entropy, and the second law of thermodynamics a novel account of the asymmetry of causation and the arrow of time Finally, the book turns to the question: "What are laws of nature"? It argues that typicality extends to a powerful way of reasoning in metaphysics that can and should inform our commitments about the fundamental ontology of the world. On this basis, it develops an argument against theHumean best system account, according to which laws of nature are merely an efficient summary of contingent regularities.
Laws Of Nature And Chances
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Author : Barry Loewer
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024-07-25
Laws Of Nature And Chances written by Barry Loewer and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-25 with Science categories.
Barry Loewer presents a novel account of the metaphysics of law of nature, chances, fundamental ontology, and the space-time arena they occupy. He calls this the Package Deal Account. This aims to answer Stephen Hawking's question "What is it that breathes fire into the equations and makes a universe for them to describe?" Loewer's account stands on the shoulders of David Lewis's Humean Best Systems Account of laws and chances, but rejects Lewis' Humean ontology of natural properties, and instead lets the criteria that physicists employ for evaluating candidate fundamental theories of everything, together with reality, determine the universe's fundamental ontology. The Package Deal Account thus advances the project of naturalizing metaphysics. Loewer discusses the history of the concept of laws of nature, current philosophical accounts of the metaphysics of laws, and arguments for and against each of these. He then shows how the Package Deal Account overcomes objections to each, and how, unlike Lewis's Humean account and its non-Humean rivals, it is able to accommodate recent developments in physics, including proposals for theories of quantum gravity that reject the fundamentality of space-time. Loewer provides in addition an account of the laws and chances that occur in non-fundamental special sciences and how they are related to those of fundamental physics.
Understanding Quantum Mechanics
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Author : Detlef Dürr
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-03-16
Understanding Quantum Mechanics written by Detlef Dürr and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-16 with Science categories.
This book discusses the physical and mathematical foundations of modern quantum mechanics and three realistic quantum theories that John Stuart Bell called "theories without observers" because they do not merely speak about measurements but develop an objective picture of the physical world. These are Bohmian mechanics, the GRW collapse theory, and the Many Worlds theory. The book is ideal to accompany or supplement a lecture course on quantum mechanics, but also suited for self-study, particularly for those who have completed such a course but are left puzzled by the question: "What does the mathematical formalism, which I have so laboriously learned and applied, actually tell us about nature?”
Statistical Mechanics And Scientific Explanation Determinism Indeterminism And Laws Of Nature
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Author : Valia Allori
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2020-04-22
Statistical Mechanics And Scientific Explanation Determinism Indeterminism And Laws Of Nature written by Valia Allori and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-22 with Science categories.
The book explores several open questions in the philosophy and the foundations of statistical mechanics. Each chapter is written by a leading expert in philosophy of physics and/or mathematical physics. Here is a list of questions that are addressed in the book:
The Wave Function
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Author : Alyssa Ney
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2013-03-28
The Wave Function written by Alyssa Ney and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-28 with Philosophy categories.
This is a new volume of original essays on the metaphysics of quantum mechanics. The essays address questions such as: What fundamental metaphysics is best motivated by quantum mechanics? What is the ontological status of the wave function? What is the nature of the fundamental space (or space-time manifold) of quantum mechanics?
Physics And Chance
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Author : Lawrence Sklar
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1993
Physics And Chance written by Lawrence Sklar and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Philosophy categories.
Lawrence Sklar offers a comprehensive, non-technical introduction to statistical mechanics and attempts to understand its foundational elements.
Actual Causality
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Author : Joseph Y. Halpern
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2016-08-12
Actual Causality written by Joseph Y. Halpern and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-12 with Computers categories.
Explores actual causality, and such related notions as degree of responsibility, degree of blame, and causal explanation. The goal is to arrive at a definition of causality that matches our natural language usage and is helpful, for example, to a jury deciding a legal case, a programmer looking for the line of code that cause some software to fail, or an economist trying to determine whether austerity caused a subsequent depression.
Probability In Physics
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Author : Yemima Ben-Menahem
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-01-25
Probability In Physics written by Yemima Ben-Menahem and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-25 with Science categories.
What is the role and meaning of probability in physical theory, in particular in two of the most successful theories of our age, quantum physics and statistical mechanics? Laws once conceived as universal and deterministic, such as Newton‘s laws of motion, or the second law of thermodynamics, are replaced in these theories by inherently probabilistic laws. This collection of essays by some of the world‘s foremost experts presents an in-depth analysis of the meaning of probability in contemporary physics. Among the questions addressed are: How are probabilities defined? Are they objective or subjective? What is their explanatory value? What are the differences between quantum and classical probabilities? The result is an informative and thought-provoking book for the scientifically inquisitive.
Psychological Metaphysics
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Author : Peter A. White
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-03-27
Psychological Metaphysics written by Peter A. White and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-27 with Psychology categories.
The research literature on causal attribution and social cognition generally consists of many fascinating but fragmented and superficial phenomena. These can only be understood as an organised whole by elucidating the fundamental psychological assumptions on which they depend. Originally published in 1993, Psychological Metaphysics is an exploration of the most basic and important assumptions in the psychological construction of reality, with the aim of showing what they are, how they originate, and what they are there for. Peter A. White proposes that people basically understand causation in terms of stable, specific powers of things operating to produce effects under suitable conditions. This underpins an analysis of people’s understanding of causal processes in the physical word and of human action, which makes a radical break with the Heiderian tradition. Psychological Metaphysics suggests that causal attribution is in the service of the person’s practical concerns and any interest in accuracy or understanding is subservient to this. A notion of regularity in the world is of no more than minor importance in causal attribution, and social cognition is not so much a matter of cognitive mechanisms or processes but more of cultural ways of thinking imposed upon tacit, unquestioned, universal assumptions. Psychological Metaphysics incorporates not only research and theory in social cognition and developmental psychology, but also philosophy and the history of ideas. It will be challenging to everyone interested in how we try to understand the world.