U S Intervention In Siberia And Northern Russia 1918 1920 The Polar Bear Expedition Naval Forces In Archangel And Murmansk Logistics Siberia Expe
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U S Intervention In Siberia And Northern Russia 1918 1920 The Polar Bear Expedition Naval Forces In Archangel And Murmansk Logistics Siberia Expe
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Author : U. S. Military
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2019-01-22
U S Intervention In Siberia And Northern Russia 1918 1920 The Polar Bear Expedition Naval Forces In Archangel And Murmansk Logistics Siberia Expe written by U. S. Military and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-22 with History categories.
This is a compilation of four excellent reports about the American intervention in Siberia and Northern Russia at the end of World War One. The four reports: U.S. Naval Forces in Northern Russia (Archangel and Murmansk), 1918-1919, Logistics in Reverse: The U.S. Intervention in Siberia, 1918-1920, The Polar Bear Expedition: The U.S. Intervention in Northern Russia, 1918-1919, andThe Siberia Expedition 1918-1920: An Early "Operation Other Than War."When the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia during November, 1917 they immediately ceased hostilities with the Germans. The potential impact on the Allies was catastrophic. German Eastern Front forces combined with 1.6 million repatriated POW's could be returned to fight on the Western Front. The European Allies quickly demanded that American and Japanese troops be sent to reopen the Eastern Front, launching what would evolve into an early "operation other than war" for American forces. Against the strong opposition of the War Department, President Wilson committed 9000 American troops with a set of strategic goals rendered quickly obsolete by the armistice. Major General William S. Graves, commander of the expedition, underwent 20 months of turmoil translating Wilson's policy into attainable military objectives for the operation, against strong opposition from the other Allies and even the U.S. State Department. At the end of this unpopular operation, Graves' thought he had failed. Yet when the positive outcomes are weighed and the expedition is analyzed by modern standards for this type of operation, Graves achieved remarkable success and deserves a better reputation than what was his fate. Graves struck a balance between operational imperatives and political requirements not often achieved in the potentially disastrous circumstances of conflicting strategic goals.The outbreak of war between Russia and Germany in August 1914 had important effects upon North Russia. The closing of the Baltic ports of Russia and of the exit from the Black Sea through Turkey's joining the Central Power left her only the remote ports on the Arctic Ocean through which to secure military supplies and equipment from her Allies in western Europe, aside from the still more remote port of Vladivostok in Siberia. It became necessary therefore for Russia to develop the northern region to the greatest extent possible and with the greatest possible speed. The only port of any size in Northern Russia in 1914 was Archangel, an imposing and well-built city located on elevated ground on the eastern bank of the North Dvina River where it branches into a number of streams, thirty-three miles from the White Sea. Founded in 1553, when an English trading factory was built there, Archangel had been Russia's only outlet to the sea for many years, but after the building of Petrograd by Peter the Great in 1702 it declined in importance although it continued to be visited by ships from England and the Netherlands. Far from peace time shipping routes, Archangel was 720 miles distant from Moscow and 760 miles from Petrograd. It was connected by river, canal, and rail with the south. In ordinary times it exported lumber, tar, flax, linseeds, and skins. To increase the capacity of the railroad, the terminus of which was at Bakaritza on the west bank of the North Dvina opposite Archangel, it was converted from a single to a double track line in 1916. A temporary railroad was built by the Russians to the port of Economia constructed by the British sixteen miles down the river from Archangel in order to provide a place with a longer open season; this could be reached by ice breakers until the middle of January. The population of Archangel which in 1915 numbered 40,000, increased several fold and the imports many fold during the early years of the war.
U S Naval Forces In Northern Russia Archangel And Murmansk 1918 1919
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Author : Henry Putney Beers
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1943
U S Naval Forces In Northern Russia Archangel And Murmansk 1918 1919 written by Henry Putney Beers and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1943 with Soviet Union categories.
U S Naval Forces In Northern Russia Archangel And Murmansk 1918 1919
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Author : United States. Navy Department
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1943
U S Naval Forces In Northern Russia Archangel And Murmansk 1918 1919 written by United States. Navy Department and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1943 with categories.
The United States Intervention In North Russia 1918 1919 The Polar Bear Odyssey
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Author : Roger Crownover
language : en
Publisher: Em Texts
Release Date : 2001-01-01
The United States Intervention In North Russia 1918 1919 The Polar Bear Odyssey written by Roger Crownover and has been published by Em Texts this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-01 with History categories.
This volume examines the largely-unknown 'Polar Bear' odyssey - the North Russian Expeditionary Forces (made up mostly of soldiers from Michigan) who, along with some other Allied forces, went on fighting in the Russian arctic - supporting the Russian White Army fighting against the Russian Red Army after the war was over. It examines the panic that the Bolshevik Revolution caused in the Allied camp, the pressure that President Wilson received from the British to participate in the intervention, the reaction in Detroit, the local Red Scare, and the aftermath of the soldiers and the political ramifications.
America S Siberian Expedition 1918 1920
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Author : Betty Miller Unterberger
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1969
America S Siberian Expedition 1918 1920 written by Betty Miller Unterberger and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1969 with History categories.
The Russian Expeditions 1917 1920
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Author : Daniel P Curzon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-03-14
The Russian Expeditions 1917 1920 written by Daniel P Curzon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-14 with History categories.
The Russian Expeditions: 1917-1920 relays the story of the Army's little-known expeditions in Russia at the end of the First World War. In early 1917, the Allied coalition in the First World War was in crisis as German pressure pushed the Russian Empire to the brink of collapse. Desperate to maintain the Eastern Front against the Central Powers, the Allies intervened. However, with their resources committed elsewhere, they needed a source of military forces for deployment to Russia. President Woodrow Wilson agreed to supply American troops for two expeditions: the American North Russia Expeditionary Forces and the American Expeditionary Forces-Siberia. Unfortunately, there was no specific or long-term objective in Russia. Without a clear mission or tangible achievements, the expeditions eventually faded into the background.
The Tragedy Of Great Power Politics Updated Edition
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Author : John J. Mearsheimer
language : en
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Release Date : 2003-01-17
The Tragedy Of Great Power Politics Updated Edition written by John J. Mearsheimer and has been published by W. W. Norton & Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-17 with Political Science categories.
"A superb book.…Mearsheimer has made a significant contribution to our understanding of the behavior of great powers."—Barry R. Posen, The National Interest The updated edition of this classic treatise on the behavior of great powers takes a penetrating look at the question likely to dominate international relations in the twenty-first century: Can China rise peacefully? In clear, eloquent prose, John Mearsheimer explains why the answer is no: a rising China will seek to dominate Asia, while the United States, determined to remain the world's sole regional hegemon, will go to great lengths to prevent that from happening. The tragedy of great power politics is inescapable.
The Bolshevik Myth Dodo Press
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Author : Alexander Berkman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009-10
The Bolshevik Myth Dodo Press written by Alexander Berkman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10 with categories.
Alexander Berkman (1870-1936) was a leading member of the anarchist movement of the 19th and early 20th centuries. He was the lover and close associate of Emma Goldman, a Lithuanianborn anarchist with whom he collaborated frequently and organized civil rights and anti-war campaigns. In 1892, he attempted to assassinate Henry Clay Frick in retaliation for his involvement with the Homestead Strike: Berkman subsequently served a fourteen-year sentence. During World War I he was deported along with Goldman and other foreign-born American anarchists as a result of the Anarchist Exclusion Act. His works include: Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist (1912), The Bolshevik Myth (Diary 1920-1922) (1925) and Now and After: The ABC of Communist Anarchism (1929).
Year One Of The Russian Revolution
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Author : Victor Serge
language : en
Publisher: Haymarket Books
Release Date : 2017-01-15
Year One Of The Russian Revolution written by Victor Serge and has been published by Haymarket Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-15 with Political Science categories.
An eyewitness account of the world-changing uprising—from the author of Memoirs of a Revolutionary. “A truly remarkable individual . . . an heroic work” (Richard Allday of Counterfire). Brimming with the honesty and passionate conviction for which he has become famous, Victor Serge’s account of the first year of the Russian Revolution—through all of its achievements and challenges—captures both the heroism of the mass upsurge that gave birth to Soviet democracy and the crippling circumstances that began to chip away at its historic gains. Year One of the Russian Revolution is Serge’s attempt to defend the early days of the revolution against those, like Stalin, who would claim its legacy as justification for the repression of dissent within Russia. Praise for Victor Serge “Serge is one of the most compelling of twentieth-century ethical and literary heroes.” —Susan Sontag, MacArthur Fellow and winner of the National Book Award “His political recollections are very important, because they reflect so well the mood of this lost generation . . . His articles and books speak for themselves, and we would be poorer without them.” —Partisan Review “I know of no other writer with whom Serge can be very usefully compared. The essence of the man and his books is to be found in his attitude to the truth.” —John Berger, Booker Prize–winning author “The novels, poems, memoirs and other writings of Victor Serge are among the finest works of literature inspired by the October Revolution that brought the working class to power in Russia in 1917.” —Scott McLemee, writer of the weekly “Intellectual Affairs” column for Inside Higher Ed
Army
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Author : Great Britain War Office
language : en
Publisher: Franklin Classics
Release Date : 2018-10-06
Army written by Great Britain War Office and has been published by Franklin Classics this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-06 with categories.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.