Ultra Low Power Integrated Circuit Design For Wireless Neural Interfaces
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Ultra Low Power Integrated Circuit Design For Wireless Neural Interfaces
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Author : Jeremy Holleman
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-10-29
Ultra Low Power Integrated Circuit Design For Wireless Neural Interfaces written by Jeremy Holleman and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book will describe ultra low-power, integrated circuits and systems designed for the emerging field of neural signal recording and processing, and wireless communication. Since neural interfaces are typically implanted, their operation is highly energy-constrained. This book introduces concepts and theory that allow circuit operation approaching the fundamental limits. Design examples and measurements of real systems are provided. The book will describe circuit designs for all of the critical components of a neural recording system, including: Amplifiers which utilize new techniques to improve the trade-off between good noise performance and low power consumption. Analog and mixed-signal circuits which implement signal processing tasks specific to the neural recording application: Detection of neural spikes Extraction of features that describe the spikes Clustering, a machine learning technique for sorting spikes Weak-inversion operation of analog-domain transistors, allowing processing circuits that reduce the requirements for analog-digital conversion and allow low system-level power consumption. Highly-integrated, sub-mW wireless transmitter designed for the Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS) and ISM bands.
High Density Integrated Electrocortical Neural Interfaces
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Author : Sohmyung Ha
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-08-03
High Density Integrated Electrocortical Neural Interfaces written by Sohmyung Ha and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-03 with Science categories.
High-Density Integrated Electrocortical Neural Interfaces provides a basic understanding, design strategies and implementation applications for electrocortical neural interfaces with a focus on integrated circuit design technologies. A wide variety of topics associated with the design and application of electrocortical neural implants are covered in this book. Written by leading experts in the field— Dr. Sohmyung Ha, Dr. Chul Kim, Dr. Patrick P. Mercier and Dr. Gert Cauwenberghs —the book discusses basic principles and practical design strategies of electrocorticography, electrode interfaces, signal acquisition, power delivery, data communication, and stimulation. In addition, an overview and critical review of the state-of-the-art research is included. These methodologies present a path towards the development of minimally invasive brain-computer interfaces capable of resolving microscale neural activity with wide-ranging coverage across the cortical surface. Written by leading researchers in electrocorticography in brain-computer interfaces Offers a unique focus on neural interface circuit design, from electrode to interface, circuit, powering, communication and encapsulation Covers the newest ECoG interface systems and electrode interfaces for ECoG and biopotential sensing
An Ultra Low Power Implantable Neural Recording System For Brain Machine Interfaces
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Author : Woradorn Wattanapanitch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
An Ultra Low Power Implantable Neural Recording System For Brain Machine Interfaces written by Woradorn Wattanapanitch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
In the past few decades, direct recordings from different areas of the brain have enabled scientists to gradually understand and unlock the secrets of neural coding. This scientific advancement has shown great promise for successful development of practical brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) to restore lost body functions to patients with disorders in the central nervous system. Practical BMIs require the uses of implantable wireless neural recording systems to record and process neural signals, before transmitting neural information wirelessly to an external device, while avoiding the risk of infection due to through-skin connections. The implantability requirement poses major constraints on the size and total power consumption of the neural recording system. This thesis presents the design of an ultra-low-power implantable wireless neural recording system for use in brain-machine interfaces. The system is capable of amplifying and digitizing neural signals from 32 recording electrodes, and processing the digitized neural data before transmitting the neural information wirelessly to a receiver at a data rate of 2.5 Mbps. By combining state-of-the-art custom ASICs, a commercially-available FPGA, and discrete components, the system achieves excellent energy efficiency, while still offering design flexibility during the system development phase. The system's power consumption of 6.4 mW from a 3.6-V supply at a wireless output data rate of 2.5 Mbps makes it the most energy-efficient implantable wireless neural recording system reported to date. The system is integrated on a flexible PCB platform with dimensions of 1.8 cm x 5.6 cm and is designed to be powered by an implantable Li-ion battery. As part of this thesis, I describe the design of low-power integrated circuits (ICs) for amplification and digitization of the neural signals, including a neural amplifier and a 32-channel neural recording IC. Low-power low-noise design techniques are utilized in the design of the neural amplifier such that it achieves a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 2.67, which is close to the theoretical limit determined by physics. The neural recording IC consists of neural amplifiers, analog multiplexers, ADCs, serial programming interfaces, and a digital processing unit. It can amplify and digitize neural signals from 32 recording electrodes, with a sampling rate of 31.25 kS/s per channel, and send the digitized data off-chip for further processing. The IC was successfully tested in an in-vivo wireless recording experiment from a behaving primate with an average power dissipation per channel of 10.1 [mu]W. Such a system is also widely useful in implantable brain-machine interfaces for the blind and paralyzed, and in cochlea implants for the deaf.
Integrated Circuits For Analog Signal Processing
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Author : Esteban Tlelo-Cuautle
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-07-27
Integrated Circuits For Analog Signal Processing written by Esteban Tlelo-Cuautle and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents theory, design methods and novel applications for integrated circuits for analog signal processing. The discussion covers a wide variety of active devices, active elements and amplifiers, working in voltage mode, current mode and mixed mode. This includes voltage operational amplifiers, current operational amplifiers, operational transconductance amplifiers, operational transresistance amplifiers, current conveyors, current differencing transconductance amplifiers, etc. Design methods and challenges posed by nanometer technology are discussed and applications described, including signal amplification, filtering, data acquisition systems such as neural recording, sensor conditioning such as biomedical implants, actuator conditioning, noise generators, oscillators, mixers, etc. Presents analysis and synthesis methods to generate all circuit topologies from which the designer can select the best one for the desired application; Includes design guidelines for active devices/elements with low voltage and low power constraints; Offers guidelines for selecting the right active devices/elements in the design of linear and nonlinear circuits; Discusses optimization of the active devices/elements for process and manufacturing issues of nanometer technology.
Low Power Methodology Manual
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Author : David Flynn
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-07-31
Low Power Methodology Manual written by David Flynn and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides a practical guide for engineers doing low power System-on-Chip (SoC) designs. It covers various aspects of low power design from architectural issues and design techniques to circuit design of power gating switches. In addition to providing a theoretical basis for these techniques, the book addresses the practical issues of implementing them in today's designs with today's tools.
High Data Rate Ultra Low Power Backscatter Wireless Communication Systems For Brain Computer Interfaces
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Author : Eleftherios Kampianakis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
High Data Rate Ultra Low Power Backscatter Wireless Communication Systems For Brain Computer Interfaces written by Eleftherios Kampianakis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Neural interfacing is a promising technology for effectively treating a multitude of challenging clinical conditions. Recent research has demonstrated that some tetraplegic patients can control robotic limbs using a brain-computer interface (BCI), signifying the beginning of an era wherein many forms of paralysis may be treatable with a neuro-prosthesis. However, the current state of the art is bulky, tethered, and impractical for applications outside a clinical lab setting. Moreover, current wireless communication approaches for brain computer interfaces (BCI) do not meet the necessary specifications for power, size, and bandwidth. In contrast, we developed fully integrated BCIs equipped with high data-rate and low power miniaturized wireless backscatter communication systems to enable the development of autonomous brain-controlled prosthetics. First, we proposed a wireless [mu]-Power, low-noise frequency mixing approach for extending the passband frequency response of existing neural interfaces. We demonstrated the translation of a pre-recorded mouse electrocorticogram from a frequency range of 0.5 Hz to 100 Hz up to an intermediate frequency (IF) of 407 Hz, thus enabling the use of an existing integrated circuit (IC) for electrocorticography (ECoG), despite its low-frequency cutoff of 12 Hz. Subsequently, we presented a dual-band implantable BCI that integrates 47%-efficient high frequency (HF) wireless power delivery into a 5 Mb/s ultra-high frequency (UHF) backscatter communication. The implant system supports ten neural channels sampled at 26.10 kHz and four electromyography (EMG) channels sampled at 1.628 kHz and can communicate with a custom software-defined-radio-based external system with a packet error ratio (PER) that is better than 0.19%~at an implant depth of up to 3 cm. Finally, in order to enable neural plasticity experiments inside the home cages of freely behaving animals, we developed a 25 Mbps backscatter-based data uplink for Neurochip 3 using a differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) constellation. We statically collected 104 packets from 126 locations, and the system exhibited effectively 0% (PER) for all but two of the surveyed sites despite the reverberant cavity effects of the animal cage that critically impair the communication channel.
Extreme Low Power Mixed Signal Ic Design
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Author : Armin Tajalli
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-09-14
Extreme Low Power Mixed Signal Ic Design written by Armin Tajalli and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Design exibility and power consumption in addition to the cost, have always been the most important issues in design of integrated circuits (ICs), and are the main concerns of this research, as well. Energy Consumptions: Power dissipation (P ) and energy consumption are - diss pecially importantwhen there is a limited amountof power budgetor limited source of energy. Very common examples are portable systems where the battery life time depends on system power consumption. Many different techniques have been - veloped to reduce or manage the circuit power consumption in this type of systems. Ultra-low power (ULP) applications are another examples where power dissipation is the primary design issue. In such applications, the power budget is so restricted that very special circuit and system level design techniquesare needed to satisfy the requirements. Circuits employed in applications such as wireless sensor networks (WSN), wearable battery powered systems [1], and implantable circuits for biol- ical applications need to consume very low amount of power such that the entire system can survive for a very long time without the need for changingor recharging battery[2–4]. Using newpowersupplytechniquessuchas energyharvesting[5]and printable batteries [6], is another reason for reducing power dissipation. Devel- ing special design techniques for implementing low power circuits [7–9], as well as dynamic power management (DPM) schemes [10] are the two main approaches to control the system power consumption. Design Flexibility: Design exibility is the other important issue in modern in- grated systems.
Low Dimensional Nanoelectronic Devices
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Author : Angsuman Sarkar
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-10-27
Low Dimensional Nanoelectronic Devices written by Angsuman Sarkar and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-27 with Science categories.
Providing cutting-edge research on nanoelectronics and photonic devices and its application in future integrated circuits, this state-of-the-art book tackles the challenges of the different detailed theoretical and analytical models of solving the problems of various nanodevices. The volume also explores from different angles the roles of material composition and choice of materials that now play the most critical role in determining outcomes of low-dimensional nanoelectronic devices. The applications of those findings are extremely beneficial for the computing and telecommunication industries. Beginning with a solid theoretical background for every chapter, this volume covers the hottest areas of present-day electronic engineering. The continuous miniaturization of devices, components, and systems requires corresponding cutting-edge theoretical analysis supported by simulated findings before actual fabrication. That purpose is given maximum focus in this volume, which has interdisciplinary appeal, making it a comprehensive technological volume that deals with underlying aspects of physics, materials, structures in nano-regime, and the corresponding end-product in the form of devices.
Brain Machine Interface
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Author : Xilin Liu
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-10-17
Brain Machine Interface written by Xilin Liu and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides an introduction to the emerging area of “Brain-Machine Interfaces,” with emphasis on the operation and practical design aspects. The book will help both electrical & bioengineers as well as neuroscience investigators to learn about the next generation brain-machine interfaces. The comprehensive review and design analysis will be very helpful for researchers who are new to this area or interested in the study of the brain. The in-depth discussion of practical design issues especially in animal experiments will also be valuable for experienced researchers.
Chips 2020
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Author : Bernd Hoefflinger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-01-19
Chips 2020 written by Bernd Hoefflinger and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-19 with Science categories.
The chips in present-day cell phones already contain billions of sub-100-nanometer transistors. By 2020, however, we will see systems-on-chips with trillions of 10-nanometer transistors. But this will be the end of the miniaturization, because yet smaller transistors, containing just a few control atoms, are subject to statistical fluctuations and thus no longer useful. We also need to worry about a potential energy crisis, because in less than five years from now, with current chip technology, the internet alone would consume the total global electrical power! This book presents a new, sustainable roadmap towards ultra-low-energy (femto-Joule), high-performance electronics. The focus is on the energy-efficiency of the various chip functions: sensing, processing, and communication, in a top-down spirit involving new architectures such as silicon brains, ultra-low-voltage circuits, energy harvesting, and 3D silicon technologies. Recognized world leaders from industry and from the research community share their views of this nanoelectronics future. They discuss, among other things, ubiquitous communication based on mobile companions, health and care supported by autonomous implants and by personal carebots, safe and efficient mobility assisted by co-pilots equipped with intelligent micro-electromechanical systems, and internet-based education for a billion people from kindergarden to retirement. This book should help and interest all those who will have to make decisions associated with future electronics: students, graduates, educators, and researchers, as well as managers, investors, and policy makers. Introduction: Towards Sustainable 2020 Nanoelectronics.- From Microelectronics to Nanoelectronics.- The Future of Eight Chip Technologies.- Analog–Digital Interfaces.- Interconnects and Transceivers.- Requirements and Markets for Nanoelectronics.- ITRS: The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors.- Nanolithography.- Power-Efficient Design Challenges.- Superprocessors and Supercomputers.- Towards Terabit Memories.- 3D Integration for Wireless Multimedia.- The Next-Generation Mobile User-Experience.- MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) for Automotive and Consumer.- Vision Sensors and Cameras.- Digital Neural Networks for New Media.- Retinal Implants for Blind Patients.- Silicon Brains.- Energy Harvesting and Chip Autonomy.- The Energy Crisis.- The Extreme-Technology Industry.- Education and Research for the Age of Nanoelectronics.- 2020 World with Chips.