Ultraviolet Radiation And The Terrestrial Surface
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Ultraviolet Radiation And The Terrestrial Surface
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Author : John F. Cronin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
Ultraviolet Radiation And The Terrestrial Surface written by John F. Cronin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Aerial reconnaissance categories.
Although variations in the intensity of solar ultraviolet irradiation of the Earth's surface may provide significant opportunities for observation in the ultraviolet spectrum, research in the ultraviolet region has been neglected by terrestrial scientists. The spectral properties of vegetation and soils and of undisturbed weathered natural surfaces of rocks and sediments, in situ, are unknown. Limited spectrophotometric data obtained in the laboratory, but of samples removed from their environment, indicate that there may be less distinctive spectral character in the ultraviolet than at the longer wavelengths. Spectral reconnaissance studies in the near-ultraviolet region are therefore warranted.
Solar And Terrestrial Radiation
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Author : Kinsell Coulson
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Solar And Terrestrial Radiation written by Kinsell Coulson and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Science categories.
Solar and Terrestrial Radiation: Methods and Measurements basically summarizes instruments used in routine measurements of solar and terrestrial radiation at the earth’s surface. Because of developments in this field, these certain instruments are sufficiently relevant for meteorological and climatological purposes. Although the emphasis of the book is on the radiation instrumentation, basic theory is still covered and discussed for the purpose of understanding basic radiative processes in the atmosphere. The featured instruments in this book show that if used properly, these instruments can eliminate certain deficiencies in climatological data and routine monitoring of the radiative regime of the surface and lower atmosphere. However, the scope of the study is limited in which they cannot be of use in terms of being precise in studies of climatic change, spectral distribution of atmospheric radiation, and other specific meteorological and technological requirements. This book is designed to be of valuable use to meteorologists, climatologists, and physicists. Students, specifically graduate students, can also make use of the book as well.
The Role Of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation In Marine Ecosystems
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Author : John Calkins
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
The Role Of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation In Marine Ecosystems written by John Calkins and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
The inspiration for this monograph derived from the realization that human technical capacity has become so great that we can, even without malice, substantially modify and damage the gigantic and remote outer limit of our planet, the stratosphere. Above the atmosphere of our ordinary experience, the stratosphere is a tenuous layer of gas, blocked from rapid exchange with the troposphere, some twenty kilometers above the surface of the earth, seldom reached by humans, and yet a fragile shell which shields life on earth from a band of solar radiation of demonstrable injurious potential. It is immediately obvious that if stratospheric ozone were reduced and consequently the intensity of solar ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth's surface were increased, then human skin cancer, known to be related to solar ultraviolet exposure, would also be increased. But how does one even begin to estimate the impact of changed solar ultraviolet radiation on such a diverse. interacting, and complex ecosystem as the oceans? Studies which I conducted in Iceland focused on this question and were noted to the Marine Sciences Panel of the Scientific Affairs Committee of NATO by Professor Unnsteinn Stefansson, leading to a request to investigate the possibility of organizing a NATO sponsored Advanced Research Institute on this topic.
Ecosystems Evolution And Ultraviolet Radiation
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Author : Charles Cockell
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Ecosystems Evolution And Ultraviolet Radiation written by Charles Cockell and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
From microbial to plant ecosystems, this book examines how changes in UV radiation, caused by anthropogenic ozone depletion, as well as changes in radiation levels throughout the evolution of life on Earth, can alter species composition and interspecies competitiveness. It focuses on the evolutionary aspects of the effects of UV as well as the various synergistic interactions of UV radiation with other environmental factors. Because our knowledge of UV effects on whole ecosystems is still at a relatively early stage, an important part of each chapter is an overview of future research directions and indications of where new date and knowledge is needed.
Ultraviolet Radiation In The Solar System
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Author : M. Vázquez
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-06-30
Ultraviolet Radiation In The Solar System written by M. Vázquez and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-06-30 with Science categories.
In the history of science the opening up of a new observational or experimental window is always followed by an increase in knowledge of the subject concerned. This is also the case with the subject of this book, ultraviolet radiation (hereafter UV). In principle, the ultraviolet range might be just one more of these windows, of no particular importance. However, the energy per UV photon provides the main peculiarity, its magnitude being great enough to produce important ch- ical reactions in the atmospheres of planets and satellites, thereby a?ecting the transmission of this radiation to the ground. The Sun is the main natural source of UV radiation in the Solar System and our planet is the body where its in?uences can be best tested and the only one where its relation with life can be studied. However, the terrestrial atmosphere blocksmostofthephotonsinthiselectromagneticrangeandastronomershavehad to develop various techniques (balloons, planes and rockets) to cross this barrier and access the information. These tools have been used in parallel to investigate the physical properties of the terrestrial atmosphere and the interaction of its constituents with light. This book will addresses most of these topics.
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation
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Author : Christos S. Zerefos
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation written by Christos S. Zerefos and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
Following the rapid developments in the UV-B measurement techniques and the rapidly growing research in the field in the late 80's and early 90's, we organized a large gathering of distinguished experts in a NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Halkidiki, Greece on October, 2-11. 1995. The Institute was organized so as to include state of the art lectures on most aspects of solar ultraviolet radiation and its effects. This was achieved by extended lectures and discussions given in five sessions by 27 lecturers and a demonstration of filed measurements and calibration techniques at the end of the Institute. The ASI began with the sun and fundamentals on solar radiative emissions and their variability in time and continued with the interaction of solar Ultraviolet with the atmosphere through the complex scattering processes and photochemical reactions involved. Particular emphasis was given to changes in atmospheric composition imposed by different manifestations of the solar activity cycle. as well as on the modelling of radiative transfer through the atmosphere and the ocean under variable environmental conditions. Overviews on the ozone issue. its monitoring and variability were extensively discussed with emphasis on the observed acceleration of ozone decline in the early 90's. This acceleration had as a consequence, significant increases in UV-B radiation observed at a few world-wide distributed stations.
Living With Our Sun S Ultraviolet Rays
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Author : Arthur C. Giese
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-02-03
Living With Our Sun S Ultraviolet Rays written by Arthur C. Giese and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-03 with Science categories.
Sunlight is part of everyday life and we accept it as good-and good it is in a number of ways. The sun is our source of warmth, and of the light by which we see. It is, in fact, the source of the energy with which life continues on earth. It furnishes energy for photosynthesis, and the pro ducts of photosynthesis constitute our food, building materials, and fuel. A steady state of balance and fine interrelationships exists between life on earth and all the forces and stresses in nature. This book will pin point the balance and relationships we share with sunlight. Our primary focus will be on the ultraviolet radiation of the sun, and on the ultraviolet photobiology of life on earth. This is the story of the effects of the sun's ultraviolet radiation, both good and bad, on all of us and all of life. We will explore the nature of the sun's ultraviolet radiation as it reaches the earth's surface today, and as it probably affected the earth in the distant past; and examine the effect of such radiation on all life, unicellular organisms as well as multicellular plants and animals. The effects of the sun's ultraviolet rays are primarily a result of their action upon cells, and secondarily, a result of their interactions between cells. The cell of a multicellular organism-man included-is also part of the tissue of an organ, and the organ is part of the whole organism.
Uv Radiation In Global Climate Change
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Author : Wei Gao
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-09-08
Uv Radiation In Global Climate Change written by Wei Gao and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-08 with Science categories.
Numerous studies report that ultraviolet (UV) radiation is harmful to living organisms and detrimental to human health. Growing concerns regarding the increased levels of UV-B radiation that reach the earth's surface have led to the development of ground- and space-based measurement programs. Further study is needed on the measurement, modeling, and effects of UV radiation. The chapters of this book describe the research conducted across the globe over the past three decades in the areas of: (1) current and predicted levels of UV radiation and its associated impact on ecosystems and human health, as well as economic and social implications; (2) new developments in UV instrumentation, advances in calibration (ground- and satellite-based), measurement methods, modeling efforts, and their applications; and (3) the effects of global climate change on UV radiation. Dr. Wei Gao is a Senior Research Scientist and the Director of the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University. Dr. Gao is a SPIE fellow and serves as the Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Applied Remote Sensing. Dr. Daniel L. Schmoldt is the National Program Leader for instrumentation and sensors at the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dr. Schmoldt served as joint Editor-in-Chief of the journal, Computers & Electronics in Agriculture, from 1997 to 2004. Dr. James R. Slusser retired in 2007 from the USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program at Colorado State University. He was active in the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, the American Geophysical Union, and the American Meteorological Society. Dr. Slusser is currently pursuing his interests in solar energy and atmospheric transmission.
Environmental Uv Radiation Impact On Ecosystems And Human Health And Predictive Models
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Author : Francesco Ghetti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-07-08
Environmental Uv Radiation Impact On Ecosystems And Human Health And Predictive Models written by Francesco Ghetti and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-07-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This volume originates from the NATO Advanced Study Institute Environmental UV Radiation: Impact on Ecosystems and Human Health and Predictive Models, held in Pisa, Italy in June 2001. The Institute was sponsored and mainly funded by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, whose constant contribution in favour of the cooperation among scientists from different countries must be acknowledged. Other Institutions substantially contributed to the success of the ASI and our thanks and appreciation go to the Italian National Research Council (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), the Italian Space Agency (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana), the European Society for Photobiology and the bank Banca Toscana. In the last two decades of the past century, concern has been growing for the possible effects on the biosphere of the stratospheric ozone depletion, due to anthropogenic emissions of ozone-destroying chemicals. The ozone loss causes an increase in the biologically important part of the solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) reaching the Earth’s surface, which constitutes a threat to the biosphere, because of UV damaging effects on humans, animals and plants. The international agreements have reduced the production of ozo- destroying compounds, which, however, are still present in high concentrations in the stratosphere, mainly because of their longevity, and thus ozone depletion will likely continue for several decades.
Living With Our Sun S Ultraviolet Rays
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Author : Arthur C Giese
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976-04-01
Living With Our Sun S Ultraviolet Rays written by Arthur C Giese and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976-04-01 with categories.