Understanding Changes In Poverty
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Understanding Changes In Poverty
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Author : Gabriela Inchauste
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2014-08-29
Understanding Changes In Poverty written by Gabriela Inchauste and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-29 with Business & Economics categories.
The 2015 Millennium Development Goal to reduce by 50 percent the share of the world's population living in extreme poverty was met early. The number of individuals in developing countries who live in extreme poverty had decreased from 43 percent in 1990 to 21 percent by 2010. Yet, with 1.2 billion people still struggling today, we have a long way to go. What can we learn from the recent success of reducing extreme poverty? Understanding Changes in Poverty brings together different methods to decompose the contributions to poverty reduction. A simple approach quantifies the contribution of changes in demographics, employment, earnings, public transfers, and remittances to poverty reduction. A more complex approach quantifies the contributions to poverty reduction from changes in individual and household characteristics, including changes in the sectoral, occupational, and educational structure of the workforce, as well as changes in the returns to individual and household characteristics. Understanding Changes in Poverty implements these approaches and finds that labor income growth--that is, growth in income per worker rather than an increase in the number of employed workers--was the largest contributor to moderate poverty reduction in 21 countries experiencing substantial reductions in poverty over the past decade. Changes in demographics, public transfers, and remittances helped, but made relatively smaller contributions to poverty reduction. Further decompositions in three countries find that labor income grew mainly because of higher returns to human capital endowments, signaling increases in productivity, higher relative price of labor, or both. Understanding Changes in Poverty will be of particular relevance to development practitioners interested in better understanding distributional changes over time. The methods and tools presented in this book can also be applied to better understand changes in inequality or any other distributional change.
Understanding Changes In Poverty
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Author : Joao Pedro Azevedo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-09-01
Understanding Changes In Poverty written by Joao Pedro Azevedo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-01 with categories.
The 2015 Millennium Development Goal to cut in half the share of the worlds population living in extreme poverty was met with time to spare. By 2013, the percentage of developing-country populations living in extreme poverty decreased from 43 percent in 1990 to 21 percent by 2010. Clearly, there is still a long way to go, with 1.2 billion people without enough to eat. What can we learn from the recent success? This volume presents recent methods to decompose the contributions to poverty reduction. What was the main contributor to poverty reduction? Using a simple accounting approach, we find that labor income growth was the largest contributor to moderate poverty reduction for a group of 21 countries with substantial reductions in poverty over the past decade. Moreover, in most cases, it was the growth in income per worker that contributed the most to poverty reduction, rather than an increase in employment. Changes in demographics, public transfers and remittances helped, but made relatively smaller contributions to poverty reduction. Public transfers were important in reducing extreme poverty, pointing to the crucial role of social protection systems. How was labor income growth able to reduce poverty? After a review of the literature, a structural decomposition method is presented and implemented in three countries. The results show that that labor income grew mainly because of higher returns to human capital endowments. This could signal increases in productivity, a higher relative price of labor, or both. In Bangladesh and Peru, this was driven by higher returns to workers with low levels of education, which may have partly been driven by higher food prices. In contrast, in Thailand, poverty fell partly due to increasing returns to education.
Understanding Poverty
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Author : Sheldon DANZIGER
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-06-30
Understanding Poverty written by Sheldon DANZIGER and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-30 with Social Science categories.
In spite of an unprecedented period of growth and prosperity, the poverty rate in the United States remains high relative to the levels of the early 1970s and relative to those in many industrialized countries today. Understanding Poverty brings the problem of poverty in America to the fore, focusing on its nature and extent at the dawn of the twenty-first century.
Understanding Poverty
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Author : Peter Alcock
language : en
Publisher: Macmillan Pub Limited
Release Date : 1997
Understanding Poverty written by Peter Alcock and has been published by Macmillan Pub Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Political Science categories.
This second edition of an important text has been substantially revised and updated to incorporate new evidence and arguments regarding poverty in Britain. Comprehensive and accessible, it deals with the problems of definition, measurement and distribution of poverty and analyses the full range of debates about its causes and its possible solution. It is essential reading for students of social policy, sociology, social work and related social sciences.
Understanding And Reducing Persistent Poverty In Africa
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Author : Christopher B. Barrett
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-10-21
Understanding And Reducing Persistent Poverty In Africa written by Christopher B. Barrett and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-21 with Business & Economics categories.
Prior work has shown that there is a significant amount of turnover amongst the African poor as households exit and enter poverty. Some of this mobility can be attributed to regular movement back and forth in response to exogenous variability in climate, prices, health, etc. ('churning'). Other crossings of the poverty line reflect permanent shifts in long-term well-being associated with gains or losses of productive assets or permanent changes in asset productivity due, for example, to adoption of improved technologies or access to new, higher-value markets. Distinguishing true structural mobility from simple churning is important because it clarifies the factors that facilitate such important structural change. Conversely, it also helps identify the constraints that may leave other households caught in a trap of persistent, structural poverty. The papers in this book help to distinguish the types of poverty and to deepen understanding of the structural features and constraints that create poverty traps. Such an understanding allows communities, local governments and donors to take proactive, effective steps to combat persistent poverty in Africa. This book was previously published as a special issue of the Journal of Development Studies.
Understanding The Poverty Impact Of The Global Financial Crisis In Latin America And The Caribbean
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Author : Margaret Grosh
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2014-06-18
Understanding The Poverty Impact Of The Global Financial Crisis In Latin America And The Caribbean written by Margaret Grosh and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-18 with Social Science categories.
Using data from household and labor force surveys, this study documents the effects of the 2008–09 global financial crisis on poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean, the social protection policy responses activated, and a macro-micro modeling of crisis/no-crisis scenarios for Mexico and Brazil.
Understanding Poverty And Well Being
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Author : David Hulme
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-10-18
Understanding Poverty And Well Being written by David Hulme and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-18 with Business & Economics categories.
Written by a multi-disciplinary team of contributors, this collection explores the different dimensions of well being, poverty and inequality. A person’s sense of well being is compounded of many elements including economic, political and social psychology. Poverty and inequality are aspects of a lack of well being in multiple dimensions and, this texts argues, development should be considered a process that overcomes these multiple deficiencies This book examines the advantages of analysing poverty and development by multi-discipline research. Economists, political sociologists and anthropologists put forward an idea of well being from their own perspective, using their own research material, while the editors argue in their introduction that bringing to bear of many disciplines can enrich the research output of all.
Understanding Poverty
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Author : Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2006-04-20
Understanding Poverty written by Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-20 with Social Science categories.
Understanding poverty and what to do about it, is perhaps the central concern of all of economics. Yet the lay public almost never gets to hear what leading professional economists have to say about it. This volume brings together twenty-eight essays by some of the world leaders in the field, who were invited to tell the lay reader about the most important things they have learnt from their research that relate to poverty. The essays cover a wide array of topics: the first essay is about how poverty gets measured. The next section is about the causes of poverty and its persistence, and the ideas range from the impact of colonialism and globalization to the problems of "excessive" population growth, corruption and ethnic conflict. The next section is about policy: how should we fight poverty? The essays discuss how to get drug companies to produce more vaccines for the diseases of the poor, what we should and should not expect from micro-credit, what we should do about child labor, how to design welfare policies that work better and a host of other topics. The final section is about where the puzzles lie: what are the most important anomalies, the big gaps in the way economists think about poverty? The essays talk about the puzzling reluctance of Kenyan farmers to fertilizers, the enduring power of social relationships in economic transactions in developing countries and the need to understand where aspirations come from, and much else. Every essay is written with the aim of presenting the latest and the most sophisticated in economics without any recourse to jargon or technical language.
Understanding Global Poverty
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Author : Serena Cosgrove
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-08-29
Understanding Global Poverty written by Serena Cosgrove and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-29 with Political Science categories.
Understanding Global Poverty introduces students to the study and analysis of poverty, helping them to understand why it is pervasive across human societies, and how it can be reduced through proven policy solutions. The book uses the capabilities and human development approach to foreground the human aspects of poverty, keeping the voices, experiences, and needs of the world’s poor central to the analysis. Starting with definitions and measurement, the book goes on to explore the causes of poverty and how poverty reduction programs and policy have responded in practice. The book also reflects on the ethics of why we should work to reduce poverty and what actions readers themselves can take. This new edition has been revised and updated throughout, featuring: • a new chapter on migration and refugees • additional international examples, including material on Mexico, Covid-19 in global perspective, and South–South development initiatives • information on careers in international development • insights into how various forms of social difference, including race, ethnicity, social class, gender, and sexuality relate to poverty Fully interdisciplinary in approach, the book is also supplemented with case studies, discussion questions, and further reading suggestions in order to support learning. Perfect as an introductory textbook for students across sociology, global development, political science, anthropology, public health, and economics, Understanding Global Poverty will also be a valuable resource to policy makers and development practitioners.
Understanding Poverty And The Environment
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Author : Fiona Nunan
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-03-27
Understanding Poverty And The Environment written by Fiona Nunan and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-27 with Nature categories.
Does poverty lead to environmental degradation? Do degraded environments and natural resources lead to poverty? Or, are there other forces at play? Is the relationship between poverty and the environment really as straightforward as the vicious circle portrayal of ‘poverty leading to environmental destruction leading to more poverty’ would suggest? Does it matter if the relationship is portrayed in this way? This book suggests that it does matter. Arguing that such a portrayal is unhelpful and misleading, the book brings together a diverse range of analytical frameworks and approaches that can enable a much deeper investigation of the context and nature of poverty-environment relationships. Analytical frameworks and approaches examined in the book include political ecology, a gendered lens, Critical Institutionalism, the Environmental Entitlements framework, the Institutional Analysis and Development approach, the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, wellbeing analysis, social network analysis and frameworks for the analysis of the governance of natural resources. Recommended further reading draws on published material from the last thirty years as well as key contemporary publications, giving readers a steer towards essential texts and authors within each subject area. Key themes running through the analytical frameworks and approaches are identified and examined, including power, access, institutions and scale.