Understanding Northern Latitude Vegetation Greening And Browning
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Understanding Northern Latitude Vegetation Greening And Browning
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2019-04-18
Understanding Northern Latitude Vegetation Greening And Browning written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-18 with Science categories.
Vegetation change has been observed across Arctic and boreal regions. Studies have often documented large-scale greening trends, but they have also identified areas of browning or shifts between greening and browning over varying spatial extents and time periods. At the same time, though, there are large portions of these ecosystems that have not exhibited measurable trends in greening or browning. These findings have fueled many questions about the drivers of vegetation dynamics, how trends are measured, and potential implications of vegetation change at local to global scales. In December 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, convened a workshop to discuss opportunities to improve understanding of greening and browning trends and drivers and the implications of these vegetation changes. The discussions included a close look at many of the methodological approaches used to evaluate greening and browning, as well as exploration of newer technologies that may help advance the science. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Disentangling Climate And Disturbance Effects On Regional Vegetation Greening Trends
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Author : Kristen D. Emmett
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Disentangling Climate And Disturbance Effects On Regional Vegetation Greening Trends written by Kristen D. Emmett and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Climatic changes categories.
Productivity of northern latitude forests is an important driver of the terrestrial carbon cycle and is already responding to climate change. Studies of the satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for northern latitudes indicate recent changes in plant productivity. These detected greening and browning trends are often attributed to a lengthening of the growing season from warming temperatures. Yet, disturbance-recovery dynamics are strong drivers of productivity and can mask direct effects of climate change. Here, we analyze 1-km resolution NDVI data from 1989 to 2014 for the northern latitude forests of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem for changes in plant productivity to address the following questions: (1) To what degree has greening taken place in the GYE over the past three decades? and (2) What is the relative importance of disturbance and climate in explaining NDVI trends? We found that the spatial extents of statistically significant productivity trends were limited to local greening and browning areas. Disturbance history, predominately fire disturbance, was a major driver of these detected NDVI trends. After accounting for fire-, insect-, and human-caused disturbances, increasing productivity trends remained. Productivity of northern latitude forests is generally considered temperature-limited; yet, we found that precipitation was a key driver of greening in the GYE.
Ecosystem Collapse And Climate Change
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Author : Josep G. Canadell
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-06-19
Ecosystem Collapse And Climate Change written by Josep G. Canadell and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-19 with Science categories.
Human-driven greenhouse emissions are increasing the velocity of climate change and the frequency and intensity of climate extremes far above historical levels. These changes, along with other human-perturbations, are setting the conditions for more rapid and abrupt ecosystem dynamics and collapse. This book presents new evidence on the rapid emergence of ecosystem collapse in response to the progression of anthropogenic climate change dynamics that are expected to intensify as the climate continues to warm. Discussing implications for biodiversity conservation, the chapters provide examples of such dynamics globally covering polar and boreal ecosystems, temperate and semi-arid ecosystems, as well as tropical and temperate coastal ecosystems. Given its scope, the volume appeals to scientists in the fields of general ecology, terrestrial and coastal ecology, climate change impacts, and biodiversity conservation.
Statistical Estimation Of Vegetation Production In The Northern High Latitude Region Based On Satellite Image Time Series
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Author : Meicheng Shen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Statistical Estimation Of Vegetation Production In The Northern High Latitude Region Based On Satellite Image Time Series written by Meicheng Shen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Vegetation and climate categories.
Quantifying and understanding the variability in vegetation gross primary production can help us understand vegetation’s response to climate change and predict the climate system. This thesis first compares the performance of newly developed vegetation index—Near-infrared Reflectance of Vegetation (hereafter, NIRV)—with two traditional vegetation indices (hereafter, VIs) based on eddy covariance flux tower. It turns out that NIRV performs poorly in capturing growing season length but may be good at tracking vegetation productivity at the annual scale. Next, parametric and non-parametric regression models are developed for estimating annually integrated GPP (hereafter, AIGPP). Results show that random forest models achieve lower out-of-sample error based on cross-validation. The optimal random forest model is applied to characterize the decadal changes of AIGPP in Alaska, where 6.17% of the area showed significant greening while 2.10% of the area showed significant browning at the 95% confidence level. Trend analysis has also been conducted for vegetation traits—growing season length (hereafter, GSL) and peak value (hereafter, Peak). Peak shows similar trend patterns with AIGPP, while GSL shows limited significant trends in Alaska, which contrasts with previous studies and calls for further study. These findings suggest that physiological changes of vegetation may dominant the AIGPP changes in Alaska during 2003-2014.
Climate Change And Land
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Author : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2022-12-08
Climate Change And Land written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-08 with Science categories.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL) is the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of the multiple interactions between climate change and land, assessing climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. It assesses the options for governance and decision-making across multiple scales. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Women In Remote Sensing 2022
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Author : Jane Southworth
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-04-01
Women In Remote Sensing 2022 written by Jane Southworth and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-01 with Science categories.
Analysis Of Climate Variability
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Author : Hans v. Storch
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Analysis Of Climate Variability written by Hans v. Storch and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
EUROPEAN SCHOOl OF CLiMATOlOGY AND NATURAL HAZARDS The training of scientific and technical personnel and the development of highly qualified scientists are, and have always been, among the important concerns of the European Commission. Advanced training is an important requirement for the implementation of a common EU policy in science and technology. The European School of Climatology and Natural Hazards was started as apart of the training and education activities of the European Programme on Climatology and Natural Hazards (EPOCH), and is continued under the subsequent research programme (ENVIRONMENT 1990-1994). The school consists of annual courses on specialised subjects within re search in climatology and natural hazards, and is open to graduating, grad uate and post graduate students in these fields. Each of the courses is organized in cooperation with a European Institu tion involved in the current research programme, and is aimed at giving to the students formal lectures and participation in informal discussions with leading researchers. The present volume is based on the lectures given at the course held on the island of Elba from the 30th October to the 6th of November 1993 on Statistical Analysis of Climate Variability. It features selected and extended presentations, and represents an important contribution to advanced studies in climate statistical analysis, supplementing more traditional texts. I trust that all those involved in research related to climate change and climate variability will appreciate this work and will benefit from the com prehensive and state-of-the-art information it provides.
Arctic Hydrology Permafrost And Ecosystems
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Author : Daqing Yang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-08-28
Arctic Hydrology Permafrost And Ecosystems written by Daqing Yang and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-28 with Science categories.
This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date assessment of the key terrestrial components of the Arctic system, i.e., its hydrology, permafrost, and ecology, drawing on the latest research results from across the circumpolar regions. The Arctic is an integrated system, the elements of which are closely linked by the atmosphere, ocean, and land. Using an integrated system approach, the book’s 30 chapters, written by a diverse team of leading scholars, carefully examine Arctic climate variability/change, large river hydrology, lakes and wetlands, snow cover and ice processes, permafrost characteristics, vegetation/landscape changes, and the future trajectory of Arctic system evolution. The discussions cover the fundamental features of and processes in the Arctic system, with a special focus on critical knowledge gaps, i.e., the interactions and feedbacks between water, permafrost, and ecosystem, such as snow pack and permafrost changes and their impacts on basin hydrology and ecology, river flow, geochemistry, and energy fluxes to the Arctic Ocean, and the structure and function of the Arctic ecosystem in response to past/future changes in climate, hydrology, and permafrost conditions. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for researchers, graduate students, environmentalists, managers, and administrators who are concerned with the northern environment and resources.
Remote Sensing Of Environmental Changes In Cold Regions
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Author : Jinyang Du
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2019-11-14
Remote Sensing Of Environmental Changes In Cold Regions written by Jinyang Du and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This Special Issue gathers papers reporting recent advances in the remote sensing of cold regions. It includes contributions presenting improvements in modeling microwave emissions from snow, assessment of satellite-based sea ice concentration products, satellite monitoring of ice jam and glacier lake outburst floods, satellite mapping of snow depth and soil freeze/thaw states, near-nadir interferometric imaging of surface water bodies, and remote sensing-based assessment of high arctic lake environment and vegetation recovery from wildfire disturbances in Alaska. A comprehensive review is presented to summarize the achievements, challenges, and opportunities of cold land remote sensing.
Earth Observation Of Ecosystem Services
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Author : Domingo Alcaraz-Segura
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-11-12
Earth Observation Of Ecosystem Services written by Domingo Alcaraz-Segura and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-12 with Nature categories.
A balanced review of differing approaches based on remote sensing tools and methods to assess and monitor biodiversity, carbon and water cycles, and the energy balance of terrestrial ecosystem. Earth Observation of Ecosystem Services highlights the advantages Earth observation technologies offer for quantifying and monitoring multiple ecosystem functions and services. It provides a multidisciplinary reference that expressly covers the use of remote sensing for quantifying and monitoring multiple ecosystem services. Rather than exhaustively cover all possible ecosystem services, this book takes a global look at the most relevant remote sensing approaches to estimate key ecosystem services from satellite data. Structured in four main sections, it covers carbon cycle, biodiversity, water cycle, and energy balance. Each section contains a review of conceptual and empirical methods, techniques, and case studies linking remotely sensed data to the biophysical variables and ecosystem functions associated with key ecosystem services. The book identifies relevant issues and challenges of assessment, presents cutting-edge sensing techniques, uses globally implemented tools to quantify ecosystem functions, and presents examples of successful monitoring programs. Covering recent developments undertaken on the global and national stage from Earth observation satellite data, it includes valuable lessons and recommendations and novel ways to improve current global monitoring systems. The book delineates the use of Earth observation data so that it can be used to quantify, map, value, and manage the valuable goods and services that ecosystems provide to societies around the world.
