Understanding The Nature Of Poverty In Urban America
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Understanding The Nature Of Poverty In Urban America
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Author : James Jennings
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 1994-08-23
Understanding The Nature Of Poverty In Urban America written by James Jennings and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-08-23 with Political Science categories.
This book is designed to help readers navigate through the vast and rapidly growing literature on poverty in urban America. The major themes, topics, debates, and issues are examined through an analysis of eight basic questions about the nature and problem of urban poverty: *What is poverty, and how is it measured? *What kinds of national policies have been utilized to manage poverty? *What are the major characteristics and trends associated with poverty in America, and how are race and ethnicity reflected in these trends? *What are the major explanations for persistent poverty in the United States? *What are the major characteristics and themes reflected in the American welfare system and anti-poverty policies? *How is the underclass defined and explained? *How have the poor utilized political mobilization to fight poverty in the United States? *How does social welfare policy directed at poverty in America compare to social welfare systems in other countries? After analyzing these issues, Jennings concludes with a brief overview of how public discussions related to poverty in the 1990s are similar to such debates in earlier periods. Essential reading for urban policy makers, social scientists, and students of contemporary American urban concerns.
Urban Poverty In The Global South
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Author : Diana Mitlin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013
Urban Poverty In The Global South written by Diana Mitlin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Business & Economics categories.
This is compounded by the lack of voice and influence that low income groups have in these official spheres.
Urban Poverty In Cairo Egypt
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Author : Nabila El-Gabalawi
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2010-10
Urban Poverty In Cairo Egypt written by Nabila El-Gabalawi and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10 with categories.
Essay from the year 2008 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Demographics, Urban Management, Planning, grade: B, University of Birmingham (International Development Department- School of Public Policy), course: Urban Development, language: English, abstract: This paper summarises the characteristics of urban poverty in Greater Cairo (GC) region as one of the most important regions not only in Egypt but also in MENA region. The targeted region is administratively extended across three governorates which are Cairo, Giza, and Qaliobeia. It includes the urban areas of the three governorates with exception to only some scattered areas that constitutes an area of about 2900 km2. Discussed within are the factors that contributed to urban poverty within GC and its associated problems. The paper also discusses the experienced difficulties by the Egyptian Government while alleviating the urban poverty prevalence, which resulted from the complex nature of poverty in urban areas of GC region. In order to understand the nature of urban poverty in GC it is important to recognise the definition of Urban Poverty which refers to poverty in urban areas. However, poverty has lots of definitions according to the approach that used for defining it; whether it is a monetary approach based on incomes and consumptions, or based on the capabilities of people or their social situation if they are included or excluded or based on a participatory approach that considers how poor people defined themselves as poor (Laderchi, Saith and Stewart, 2003). The World Bank refers to the Urban Poor as those who are deprived from access to employment opportunities and income, adequate and secure housing and services, living in peaceful and healthy environments with social protection mechanisms, and access to adequate health and education opportunities (World Bank, 2008) Urban Poverty has a different nature from a place to another as each region has its unique national, demographic, e
The Economic And Social Processes Influencing The Level And Nature Of Chronic Poverty In Urban Areas
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Author : Diana Mitlin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
The Economic And Social Processes Influencing The Level And Nature Of Chronic Poverty In Urban Areas written by Diana Mitlin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The objective of this paper is to review the economic, political and social processes influencing the nature, extent and depth of poverty in urban areas of the South. The task is primarily descriptive, seeking to summarise what is already known about these processes and to demarcate significant components of chronic urban poverty in the South. Due to the relative newness of the field, it seeks to draw on a wide range of literature in order to understand the issues. The discussion is tentative about the scope and depth of the findings. The strategy is to draw together insights from a wide range of disciplines, and city and neighbourhood studies. The discussion begins by considering what is chronic poverty, summarised and considered in the context of urban poverty in Section 2. Section 3 considers the nature of the urban change that is taking place. The discussion suggests that chronic poverty in urban areas is much more complex than the visible problems of acute need in inner cities. It is likely that the urban chronically poor live in diverse economic and political situations, facing different livelihood opportunities and different physical conditions. Furthermore, chronic poverty may be caused by the process of transition from rural to urban, or smaller to larger city, rather than the specific conditions in any particular urban settlement. The recognised scale of chronic poverty has to be understood in relation to measurement strategies. Section 4 discusses the problems of measuring urban poverty. In particular, it considers why many existing monetary estimates of poverty in urban areas may be too low. Sections 5 and 6 then consider the nature and extent of chronic poverty in urban areas. Section 5 takes a spatial perspective examining poverty by the nature of the urban settlement. Underlying this analytical framework is the supposition that the nature and incidence of poverty is partly related to the nature of the urban settlement. The Section is sub-divided to consider inner cities, city peripheries, small towns and refugee settlements. The following Section then analyses the chronically poor by social group. Underlying this analytical framework is the recognition that social discrimination and capabilities may influence participation in the labour market. Some groups have more opportunities offered to them and are better able to take advantages of opportunities. The groups that have been identified and that are considered in this Section are the old, young, women, badly paid, informal workers, and those with physical and mental illness, impairments and disabilities. The concluding section considers a number of issues that have emerged through the discussion: the relevance of the general frameworks of chronic poverty in an urban context; the complexity of chronic poverty in urban areas; reflects on understanding chronic poverty through the strategies of avoidance used by the urban poor; and finally identifies some future research priorities.
Urban Poverty And Climate Change
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Author : Manoj Roy
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-04-20
Urban Poverty And Climate Change written by Manoj Roy and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-20 with Business & Economics categories.
This book deepens the understanding of the broader processes that shape and mediate the responses to climate change of poor urban households and communities in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Representing an important contribution to the evolution of more effective pro-poor climate change policies in urban areas by local governments, national governments and international organisations, this book is invaluable reading to students and scholars of environment and development studies.
Urban Poverty In Asia
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Author : Asian Development Bank
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2014-09-01
Urban Poverty In Asia written by Asian Development Bank and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-01 with Political Science categories.
This report provides an overview of important urban poverty questions. What defines urban poverty and how is urban poverty being measured? What other factors beyond consumption poverty need to be tackled? Who are the urban poor? What relations exist between urban poverty and city size? What linkages exist between urbanization, income, and urban poverty? What policy responses to urban poverty are implemented in selected Asian countries? The report served as a background study for the International Policy Workshop on Urban Poverty and Inclusive Cities in Asia, organized by the Asian Development Bank and the International Poverty Reduction Center held from 24-25 June 2013 in Suqian, Jiangsu Province, the People's Republic of China.
A New Introduction To Poverty
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Author : Louis Kushnick
language : en
Publisher: NYU Press
Release Date : 1999
A New Introduction To Poverty written by Louis Kushnick and has been published by NYU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Political Science categories.
Since the end of the Second World War, poverty in the United States has been a persistent focus of social anxiety, public debate, and federal policy. This volume argues convincingly that we will not be able to reduce or eliminate poverty until we take the political factors that contribute to its continuation into account. Ideal for course use, A New Introduction to Poverty opens with a historical overview of the major intellectual and political debates surrounding poverty in the United States. Several factors have received inadequate attention: the impact of poverty on women; the synergy of racism and poverty; race and gender stratification of the workplace; and, crucially, the ways in which the powerful use their resources to maintain the economic status quo. Contributors include Mimi Abramovitz, Peter Alcock, Bonnie Thornton Dill, Raymond Franklin, Herman George Jr., Michael B. Katz, Marlene Kim, Rebecca Morales, Sandra Patton, Valerie Polakow, Jackie Pope, Jill Quadagno, David C. Ranney, Barbara Ransby, Bette Woody, and Maxine Baca Zinn.
The Urban Poor In Latin America
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Author : Marianne Fay
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005
The Urban Poor In Latin America written by Marianne Fay and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
About half of the region's poor live in cities, and policy makers across Latin America are increasingly interested in policy advice on how to design programmes and policies to tackle poverty. This publication argues that the causes of poverty, the nature of deprivation, and the policy levers to fight poverty are, to a large extent, site specific. It therefore focuses on strategies to assist the urban poor in making the most of the opportunities offered by cities, such as larger labour markets and better services, while helping them cope with the negative aspects, such as higher housing costs, pollution, risk of crime and less social capital.
Reducing Urban Poverty In The Global South
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Author : David Satterthwaite
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-08-15
Reducing Urban Poverty In The Global South written by David Satterthwaite and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-15 with Business & Economics categories.
Urban areas in the Global South now house most of the world’s urban population and are projected to house almost all its increase between now and 2030. There is a growing recognition that the scale of urban poverty has been overlooked – and that it is increasing both in numbers and in the proportion of the world’s poor population that live and work in urban areas. This is the first book to review the effectiveness of different approaches to reducing urban poverty in the Global South. It describes and discusses the different ways in which national and local governments, international agencies and civil society organizations are seeking to reduce urban poverty. Different approaches are explored, for instance; market approaches, welfare, rights-based approaches and technical/professional support. The book also considers the roles of clientelism and of social movements. Case studies illustrate different approaches and explore their effectiveness. Reducing Urban Poverty in the Global South also analyses the poverty reduction strategies developed by organized low-income groups especially those living in informal settlements. It explains how they and the federations or networks they have formed have demonstrated new approaches that have challenged adverse political relations and negotiated more effective support. Local and national governments and international agencies can become far more effective at addressing urban poverty at scale by, as is proposed in this book, working with and supporting the urban poor and their organizations. This book will be an invaluable resource for researchers and postgraduate students in urban development, poverty reduction, urban geography, and for practitioners and organisations working in urban development programmes in the Global South.
Cities And Development
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Author : Sean Fox
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-02-11
Cities And Development written by Sean Fox and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-11 with Science categories.
For the first time in human history more people now live and towns and cities than in rural areas. In the wealthier countries of the world, the transition from predominantly rural to urban habitation is more or less complete. But in many parts of Africa, Asia and Latin America, urban populations are expanding rapidly. Current UN projections indicate that virtually all population growth in the world over the next 30 years will be absorbed by towns and cities in developing countries. These simple demographic facts have profound implications for those concerned with understanding and addressing the pressing global development challenges of reducing poverty, promoting economic growth, improving human security and confronting environmental change. This revised and expanded second edition of Cities and Development explores the dynamic relationship between urbanism and development from a global perspective. The book surveys a wide range of topics, including: the historical origins of world urbanization; the role cities play in the process of economic development; the nature of urban poverty and the challenge of promoting sustainable livelihoods; the complexities of managing urban land, housing, infrastructure and urban services; and the spectres of endemic crime, conflict and violence in urban areas. This updated volume also contains two entirely new chapters: one that examines the links between urbanisation and environmental change, and a second that focuses on urban governance and politics. Adopting a multidisciplinary perspective, the book critically engages with debates in urban studies, geography and international development studies. Each chapter includes supplements in the form of case studies, chapter summaries, questions for discussion and suggested further readings. The book is targeted at upper-level undergraduate and graduate students interested in geography, urban studies and international development studies, as well as policy makers, urban planners and development practitioners.