Unfunded Mandates Reform Act History Impact And Issues
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Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
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Author : Congressional Research Service
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub
Release Date : 2015-02-06
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act written by Congressional Research Service and has been published by Createspace Independent Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-06 with Political Science categories.
The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) culminated years of effort by state and local government officials and business interests to control, if not eliminate, the imposition of unfunded intergovernmental and private-sector federal mandates. Advocates argued the statute was needed to forestall federal legislation and regulations that imposed obligations on state and local governments or businesses that resulted in higher costs and inefficiencies. Opponents argued that federal mandates may be necessary to achieve national objectives in areas where voluntary action by state and local governments and business failed to achieve desired results. UMRA provides a framework for the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to estimate the direct costs of mandates in legislative proposals to state and local governments and to the private sector, and for issuing agencies to estimate the direct costs of mandates in proposed regulations to regulated entities. Aside from these informational requirements, UMRA controls the imposition of mandates only through a procedural mechanism allowing Congress to decline to consider unfunded intergovernmental mandates in proposed legislation if they are estimated to cost more than specified threshold amounts. UMRA applies to any provision in legislation, statute, or regulation that would impose an enforceable duty upon state and local governments or the private sector. It does not apply to conditions of federal assistance; duties stemming from participation in voluntary federal programs; rules issued by independent regulatory agencies; rules issued without a general notice of proposed rulemaking; and rules and legislative provisions that cover individual constitutional rights, discrimination, emergency assistance, grant accounting and auditing procedures, national security, treaty obligations, and certain elements of Social Security. State and local government officials argue that UMRA's coverage should be broadened, with special consideration given to including conditions of federal financial assistance. During the 114th Congress, H.R. 50, the Unfunded Mandates Information and Transparency Act of 2015, which was passed by the House on February 4, 2015, and its companion bill in the Senate, S. 189, would broaden UMRA's coverage to include both direct and indirect costs, such as foregone profits and costs passed onto consumers, and, when requested by the chair or ranking Member of a committee, the prospective costs of legislation that would change conditions of federal financial assistance. The bills also would make private-sector mandates subject to a substantive point of order and remove UMRA's exemption for rules issued by most independent agencies. The House passed similar legislation during the 112th Congress (H.R. 4078, the Red Tape Reduction and Small Business Job Creation Act: Title IV, the Unfunded Mandates Information and Transparency Act of 2012) and the 113th Congress (H.R. 899, the Unfunded Mandates Information and Transparency Act of 2014, and H.R. 4, the Jobs for America Act: Division III, the Unfunded Mandates Information and Transparency Act of 2014). This report examines debates over what constitutes an unfunded federal mandate and UMRA's implementation. It focuses on UMRA's requirement that CBO issue written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in legislation, its procedures for raising points of order in the House and Senate concerning unfunded federal mandates in legislation, and its requirement that federal agencies prepare written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in rules. It also assesses UMRA's impact on federal mandates and arguments concerning UMRA's future, focusing on UMRA's definitions, exclusions, and exceptions that currently exempt many federal actions with potentially significant financial impacts on nonfederal entities.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
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Author : Robert Jay Dilger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act written by Robert Jay Dilger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Government spending policy categories.
This report examines debates over what constitutes an unfunded federal mandate and the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995's (UMRA) implementation. It focuses on UMRA's requirement that CBO issue written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in legislation, its procedures for raising points of order in the House and Senate concerning unfunded federal mandates in legislation, and its requirement that federal agencies prepare written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in rules.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act History Impact And Issues
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Author : Robert Jay Dilger
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2016
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act History Impact And Issues written by Robert Jay Dilger and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Government spending policy categories.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
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Author : Congressional Research Service
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2017-04-07
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act written by Congressional Research Service and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-07 with categories.
The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) culminated years of effort by state and local government officials and business interests to control, if not eliminate, the imposition of unfunded intergovernmental and private-sector federal mandates. Advocates argued the statute was needed to forestall federal legislation and regulations that imposed obligations on state and local governments or businesses that resulted in higher costs and inefficiencies. Opponents argued that federal mandates may be necessary to achieve national objectives in areas where voluntary action by state and local governments and business failed to achieve desired results. UMRA provides a framework for the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to estimate the direct costs of mandates in legislative proposals to state and local governments and to the private sector, and for issuing agencies to estimate the direct costs of mandates in proposed regulations to regulated entities. Aside from these informational requirements, UMRA controls the imposition of mandates only through a procedural mechanism allowing Congress to decline to consider unfunded intergovernmental mandates in proposed legislation if they are estimated to cost more than specified threshold amounts. UMRA applies to any provision in legislation, statute, or regulation that would impose an enforceable duty upon state and local governments or the private sector. It does not apply to conditions of federal assistance; duties stemming from participation in voluntary federal programs; rules issued by independent regulatory agencies; rules issued without a general notice of proposed rulemaking; and rules and legislative provisions that cover individual constitutional rights, discrimination, emergency assistance, grant accounting and auditing procedures, national security, treaty obligations, and certain elements of Social Security. State and local government officials argue that UMRA's coverage should be broadened, with special consideration given to including conditions of federal financial assistance. During the 114th Congress, H.R. 50, the Unfunded Mandates Information and Transparency Act of 2015, which was passed by the House on February 4, 2015, and its companion bill in the Senate, S. 189, would have broadened UMRA's coverage to include both direct and indirect costs, such as foregone profits and costs passed onto consumers, and, when requested by the chair or ranking Member of a committee, the prospective costs of legislation that would change conditions of federal financial assistance. The bills also would have made private-sector mandates subject to a substantive point of order and removed UMRA's exemption for rules issued by most independent agencies. H.R. 50 has been reintroduced in the 115th Congress as the Unfunded Mandates Information and Transparency Act of 2017. This report examines debates over what constitutes an unfunded federal mandate and UMRA's implementation. It focuses on UMRA's requirement that CBO issue written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in legislation, its procedures for raising points of order in the House and Senate concerning unfunded federal mandates in legislation, and its requirement that federal agencies prepare written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in rules. It also assesses UMRA's impact on federal mandates and arguments concerning UMRA's future, focusing on UMRA's definitions, exclusions, and exceptions that currently exempt many federal actions with potentially significant financial impacts on nonfederal entities. An examination of the rise of unfunded federal mandates as a national issue and a summary of UMRA's legislative history are provided in Appendix A. Citations to UMRA points of order raised in the House and Senate are provided in Appendix B.
Unfunded Mandates
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Author : Orice M. Williams
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2005-09
Unfunded Mandates written by Orice M. Williams and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-09 with Political Science categories.
The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) was enacted to address concerns about fed. statutes & reg's. that require nonfed. parties to expend resources to achieve legis. goals without being provided fed. funding to cover the costs. At various times in UMRA's 10-year history, Congress has considered legis. to amend the act to address ongoing questions about its effectiveness. A diverse group of parties familiar with the act were asked to report their views on: (1) the significant strengths & weaknesses of UMRA as the framework for addressing mandate issues & (2) potential options for reinforcing the strengths or addressing the weaknesses. 52 org. & individ. reflecting a diverse range of viewpoints provided info. Tables.
The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act Of 1995
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. Subcommittee on Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act Of 1995 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. Subcommittee on Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Business & Economics categories.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act Has Had Little Effect On Agencies Rulemaking Actions Report To The Committee On Governmental Affairs U S Senate
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date :
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act Has Had Little Effect On Agencies Rulemaking Actions Report To The Committee On Governmental Affairs U S Senate written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Unfunded Mandates Views Vary About Reform Act S Strengths Weaknesses And Options For Improvement
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date :
Unfunded Mandates Views Vary About Reform Act S Strengths Weaknesses And Options For Improvement written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
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Author : Irene L. De Silva
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act written by Irene L. De Silva and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with BUSINESS & ECONOMICS categories.
Public Budgeting Systems
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Author : Robert D. Lee
language : en
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Publishers
Release Date : 2013
Public Budgeting Systems written by Robert D. Lee and has been published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Business & Economics categories.
Now in its Ninth Edition, Public Budgeting Systems is a complete and balanced reference that surveys the current state of budgeting throughout all levels of the United States government. The text emphasizes methods by which financial decisions are reached within a system as well as ways in which different types of information are used in budgetary decision-making. It also stresses the use of program information, since, for decades, budget reforms have sought to introduce greater program considerations into financial decisions. The Ninth Edition has been updated to give particular attention to several recent developments in public budgeting and finance including: - Steps that have been taken by governments to battle the effects of the "Great Recession" and to enhance economic recovery. In the US, this includes the actions of the Federal Reserve as well as legislative efforts, such as the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. - Significant increase in use of fiscal policy tools to stimulate economic recovery, in contrast to most recent previous 20 year period. - The federal government's direct role in the operations of the private sector will be explored. The government has become a major stockholder and therefore has a financial stake in seeing that corporations succeed. - Unprecedented federal deficits, as well as extreme budgetary challenges at the state and local level, including a discussion of causes and possible solutions. - Other changes during the Obama presidency, including the passage of comprehensive health care reform and changes in the management agenda. - Continued developments in financial and debt management, including additional GASB requirements and the effects of the recent economic contraction on the borrowing prospects for state and local governments. - Additional recognition of the effects of the global economy, resulting in an increase in the pages devoted to discussing international examples.