Unraveling Plant Cell Wall Assembly
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Unraveling Plant Cell Wall Assembly
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Author : Sarah Pfaff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2024
Unraveling Plant Cell Wall Assembly written by Sarah Pfaff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024 with categories.
Plant cell walls provide support and enable growth at the cellular level while also maintaining a plant's stature. Cell walls are composed of various polysaccharides that may be extracted and converted into usable products. Sugar units and aromatic building blocks are synthesized and assembled by the coordination of numerous cellular pathways. The resultant polymers organize together to form unique cell walls in different cell types. To efficiently extract and deconstruct these energy-rich biomaterials, a better understanding of how they are initially produced and the complex ways in which they assemble is required. This work details a multifaceted effort to characterize the structure and formation of various types of cell walls. Beginning with the development of new methods to observe cell wall structure, we describe a novel fluorescent label that can be used to highlight recently-deposited crystalline cellulose fibrils and the optimization of a system to induce secondary cell wall (SCW) regeneration in isolated protoplasts. The latter technique enables observation of SCW development in individual cells, in a tissue-free environment, and was employed to characterize the key role the polysaccharide xylan plays in patterned SCW formation. Regenerating protoplasts were also used in an effort to produce the first in vivo reconstruction of an active cellulose synthase complex during SCW formation. Finally, a multidimensional study was conducted to track the deposition of SCWs during inflorescence stem maturation, with a particular focus on the process of lignification. In sum, the results produced by these research endeavors serve to improve our understanding of cell wall assembly and organization while also providing new tools to researchers for continued investigations of plant cell wall structure and formation.
The Plant Plasma Membrane
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Author : Angus S. Murphy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-11-11
The Plant Plasma Membrane written by Angus S. Murphy and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-11 with Science categories.
In plant cells, the plasma membrane is a highly elaborated structure that functions as the point of exchange with adjoining cells, cell walls and the external environment. Transactions at the plasma membrane include uptake of water and essential mineral nutrients, gas exchange, movement of metabolites, transport and perception of signaling molecules, and initial responses to external biota. Selective transporters control the rates and direction of small molecule movement across the membrane barrier and manipulate the turgor that maintains plant form and drives plant cell expansion. The plasma membrane provides an environment in which molecular and macromolecular interactions are enhanced by the clustering of proteins in oligimeric complexes for more efficient retention of biosynthetic intermediates, and by the anchoring of protein complexes to promote regulatory interactions. The coupling of signal perception at the membrane surface with intracellular second messengers also involves transduction across the plasma membrane. Finally, the generation and ordering of the external cell walls involves processes mediated at the plant cell surface by the plasma membrane. This volume is divided into three sections. The first section describes the basic mechanisms that regulate all plasma membrane functions. The second describes plasma membrane transport activity. The final section of the book describes signaling interactions at the plasma membrane. These topics are given a unique treatment in this volume, as the discussions are restricted to the plasma membrane itself as much as possible. A more complete knowledge of the plasma membrane’s structure and function is essential to current efforts to increase the sustainability of agricultural production of food, fiber, and fuel crops.
Bacterial Cell Wall
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Author : J.-M. Ghuysen
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1994-02-09
Bacterial Cell Wall written by J.-M. Ghuysen and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-02-09 with Science categories.
Studies of the bacterial cell wall emerged as a new field of research in the early 1950s, and has flourished in a multitude of directions. This excellent book provides an integrated collection of contributions forming a fundamental reference for researchers and of general use to teachers, advanced students in the life sciences, and all scientists in bacterial cell wall research. Chapters include topics such as: Peptidoglycan, an essential constituent of bacterial endospores; Teichoic and teichuronic acids, lipoteichoic acids, lipoglycans, neural complex polysaccharides and several specialized proteins are frequently unique wall-associated components of Gram-positive bacteria; Bacterial cells evolving signal transduction pathways; Underlying mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
Physiology And Biochemistry Of Plant Cell Walls
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Author : Christopher T. Brett
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1996-07-31
Physiology And Biochemistry Of Plant Cell Walls written by Christopher T. Brett and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-07-31 with Science categories.
The plant cell wall plays a vital role in almost every aspect of plant physiology. New techniques in spectroscopy, biophysics and molecular biology have revealed the extraordinary complexity of its molecular architecture and just how important this structure is in the control of plant growth and development. The Second Edition of this accessible and integrated textbook has been revised and updated throughout. As well as focusing on the structure and function of plant cell walls the book also looks at the applications of this research. It discusses how plant cell walls can be exploited by the biotechnology industry and some of the main challenges for future research. Key topics include: architecture and skeletal functions of the wall; cell-wall formation; control of cell growth; role in intracellular transport; interactions with other organisms; cell-wall degradation; biotechnological applications of cell-walls; role in diet and health. This textbook provides a clear, well illustrated introduction to the physiology and biochemistry of plant cell walls which will be invaluable to upper level undergraduate and post graduate students of plant physiology, plant pathology, plant biotechnology and biochemistry.
Vascular Differentiation And Plant Growth Regulators
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Author : Lorin W. Roberts
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Vascular Differentiation And Plant Growth Regulators written by Lorin W. Roberts and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The main objective of the book is to provide an up-to-date examination of the possible roles of plant hormones during the cytodifferentiation of xylem and phloem elements in higher plants. Various facets of vascular differentiation, as cell determination, cell cycle activity, and the biochemical events in xylogenesis, are analyzed. Furthermore, the latest information on the roles of auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid during vascular cell formation are summarized. A theoretical discussion of the six-point hypothesis and the vascular adaptation hypothesis is included. The experimental induction of vascular differentiation under tissue culture conditions is critically appraised and a concluding chapter covers the interactions between physical factors, growth regulators, and differentiation.
Charophytes Evolutionary Ancestors Of Plants And Emerging Models For Plant Research
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Author : David S. Domozych
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-05-11
Charophytes Evolutionary Ancestors Of Plants And Emerging Models For Plant Research written by David S. Domozych and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-11 with categories.
The charophytes are the group of green algae that are anestral and most closely related to land plants. Today, these organisms are not only important in evoutionary studies but have become outstanding model organisms for plant research.
Polarity In Plants
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Author : K. Lindsey
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2004
Polarity In Plants written by K. Lindsey and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Science categories.
The establishment of polarity is a fundamental feature in eukaryotic development. Polarity in Plants provides an account of current research into the mechanisms by which polarity is generated at the level of the cell, organ and organism in plants, drawing especially on recent work with model organisms. The emphasis is on the use of the techniques of molecular genetics to dissect molecular mechanisms. This is the first volume to bring together the diverse aspects of polarity in plant development.
The Rubber Tree Genome
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Author : Minami Matsui
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2021-05-04
The Rubber Tree Genome written by Minami Matsui and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-04 with Science categories.
This book presents the first comprehensive compilation of genome research on the Hevea brasiliensis rubber tree. The genomes of Hevea tree clones (cultivars) are described by three major international groups. Chapters on omics-driven investigations address a broad range of topics including genome annotation and utilisation, transcriptome and gene family analysis, genetic mapping, metabolic pathways in latex and molecular breeding. Additionally, an overview of fundamental rubber biology, especially on laticifers, provides a historical background that is relevant to rubber genome analysis. The book concludes with several perspectives on the future needs of rubber investigations and prospects of rubber genomics. Given the scope of topics, this book will appeal to researchers and university students working in genomics and biotechnology of the rubber tree, and to rubber breeders with an interest in non-conventional approaches to trait analysis, selection and breeding.
Plant Abc Transporters
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Author : Markus Geisler
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-09-06
Plant Abc Transporters written by Markus Geisler and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-06 with Science categories.
This book is devoted to the fascinating superfamily of plant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and their variety of transported substrates. It highlights their exciting biological functions, covering aspects ranging from cellular detoxification, through development, to symbiosis and defense. Moreover, it also includes a number of chapters that center on ABC transporters from non-Arabidopsis species. ABC proteins are ubiquitous, membrane-intrinsic transporters that catalyze the primary (ATP-dependent) movement of their substrates through biological membranes. Initially identified as an essential aspect of a vacuolar detoxification process, genetic work in the last decade has revealed an unexpectedly diverse variety of ABC transporter substrates, which include not only xenobiotic conjugates, but also heavy metals, lipids, terpenoids, lignols, alkaloids and organic acids. The discovery that members of the ABCB and ABCG family are involved in the movement of phytohormones has further sparked their exploration and provided a new understanding of the whole family. Accordingly, the trafficking, regulation and structure-function of ABCB-type auxin transporters are especially emphasized in this book.
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
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Author : P. Graham
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation written by P. Graham and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
During the past three decades there has been a large amount of research on biological nitrogen fixation, in part stimulated by increasing world prices of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and environmental concerns. In the last several years, research on plant--microbe interactions, and symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixation has become truly interdisciplinary in nature, stimulated to some degree by the use of modern genetic techniques. These methodologies have allowed us to make detailed analyses of plant and bacterial genes involved in symbiotic processes and to follow the growth and persistence of the root-nodule bacteria and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soils. Through the efforts of a large number of researchers we now have a better understanding of the ecology of rhizobia, environmental parameters affecting the infection and nodulation process, the nature of specificity, the biochemistry of host plants and microsymbionts, and chemical signalling between symbiotic partners. This volume gives a summary of current research efforts and knowledge in the field of biological nitrogen fixation. Since the research field is diverse in nature, this book presents a collection of papers in the major research area of physiology and metabolism, genetics, evolution, taxonomy, ecology, and international programs.