Urban Agriculture And Plant Variety Rights The Legal Challenges Of Urbanising Plant Breeding In The European Union
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Urban Agriculture And Plant Variety Rights The Legal Challenges Of Urbanising Plant Breeding In The European Union
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Author : Serena Mariani
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Urban Agriculture And Plant Variety Rights The Legal Challenges Of Urbanising Plant Breeding In The European Union written by Serena Mariani and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Business & Economics categories.
European Community Plant Variety Protection
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Author : Gert Würtenberger
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2006
European Community Plant Variety Protection written by Gert Würtenberger and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Plant varieties categories.
This book is intended as a practical guide to the European Community plant variety protection system under Council Regulation (EC) 2100/94. This system was introduced to enable breeders to protect in Europe new varieties of plants with a tailor-made intellectual property right. The plant breeding industry is an important sector in the European Community with an increasingly competitive atmosphere forcing breeders to protect their products and enforce their IP rights against competitors. This book provides a systematic approach to the Community plant variety protection system. The authors explain how to obtain plant variety protection and how to enforce rights to that protection. They also consider various interpretations of the provisions of the Regulation as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the system. The book covers the only existing system protecting plant breeders' interests, and will be the only comprehensive up-to-date resource on Community Plant Variety Rights.
Farmers Crop Varieties And Farmers Rights
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Author : Michael Halewood
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-21
Farmers Crop Varieties And Farmers Rights written by Michael Halewood and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-21 with Science categories.
Over the last 50 years there has been a growing appreciation of the important role that farmers play in the development and conservation of crop genetic diversity, and the contribution of that diversity to agro-ecosystem resilience and food security. This book examines policies that aim to increase the share of benefits that farmers receive when others use the crop varieties that they have developed and managed, i.e., ‘farmers varieties’. In so doing, the book addresses two fundamental questions. The first question is ‘how do farmer management practices – along with other factors such as environment and the breeding systems of plants – affect the evolution and maintenance of discrete farmers’ varieties?’ The second question is ‘how can policies that depend on being able to identify discrete plant varieties accommodate the agricultural realities associated with the generation, use and maintenance of farmers’ varieties?’ This focus on discreteness is topical because there are no fixed, internationally recognized taxonomic or legal definitions of farmers’ varieties. And that presents a challenge when developing policies that involve making specific, discrete farmers’ varieties the subject of legal rights or privileges. The book includes contributions from a wide range of experts including agronomists, anthropologists, geneticists, biologists, plant breeders, lawyers, development practitioners, activists and farmers. It includes case studies from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe where, in response to a diversity of contributing factors, there have been efforts to develop policies that provide incentives or rewards to farmers as stewards of farmers’ varieties in ways that are sensitive to the cultural, taxonomic and legal complexities involved. The book situates these initiatives in the context of the evolving discourse and definition of ‘farmers' rights’, presenting insights for future policy initiatives.
Promoting Sustainable Innovations In Plant Varieties
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Author : Mrinalini Kochupillai
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-07-28
Promoting Sustainable Innovations In Plant Varieties written by Mrinalini Kochupillai and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-28 with Law categories.
This book develops the term ‘Sustainable Innovations’ and defines it on the basis of plant variety innovations that, by their very nature, (i) permit the in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity and genetic variability in diverse geographic and climatic conditions, (ii) do not exclude any potential innovators from the process of innovation, and thereby (iii) ensure that both formal and informal innovations can continue to take place in the generations to come (in both the developed and developing world). The book studies the Indian Plant Variety Protection Act, the UPOV Acts and associated agricultural policies from a legal, philosophical, historical and economic perspective with the aim of determining the means of promoting sustainable innovations in plant varieties and identifying laws, policies and practices that are currently acting as impediments to promoting the same.
Realising Farmers Rights To Crop Genetic Resources
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Author : Regine Andersen
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-07-18
Realising Farmers Rights To Crop Genetic Resources written by Regine Andersen and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-18 with Law categories.
Farmers' Rights are essential for maintaining crop genetic diversity, which is the basis of all food and agricultural production in the world. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture recognizes Farmers' Rights and provides for relevant measures. However, implementation is slow, and in many countries there is resistance. This book shows the necessity of realizing Farmers' Rights for poverty alleviation and food security, the practical possibilities of doing so, and the potential gains for development and society at large. It provides decision-makers and practitioners with a conceptual framework for understanding Farmers’ Rights and success stories showing how each of the elements of Farmers' Rights can be realized in practice. The success stories have brought substantial achievements as regards one or more of the four elements of Farmers' Rights: the rights of farmers to save, use, exchange and sell farm-saved seed; the protection of traditional knowledge; benefit- sharing; and participation in decision-making. This does not mean that these examples are perfect. Challenges encountered on the way are conveyed and offer important lessons. The stories represent different regions and localities, including Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America, as well as various categories of stakeholders and types of initiatives and policies.
European Union Plant Variety Protection
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Author : Gert Würtenberger
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2021-06-10
European Union Plant Variety Protection written by Gert Würtenberger and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-10 with Law categories.
This book is an invaluable and practical guide to the European Union plant variety protection system under Council Regulation (EC) 2100/94 and how it enables breeders from all corners of the world to protect new varieties of plants in the European Union with a tailor-made intellectual property right. It combines a comprehensive explanation of the system with clear guidance on the law in practice, including how to obtain plant variety protection and how to enforce rights to that protection. It analyses the interrelation of plant variety rights with other IP rights, and provides guidance on the appropriate form of protection, considering the strengths and weaknesses of the system. The book also features time-saving references for further information on national, European Union, and international plant variety protection and enforcement. Plant variety law now protects a market of almost 500 million customers, and as awareness of the advantages of EU-wide protection has grown, the volume of cases, as well as scholarship in this area, has grown rapidly. This new edition covers all recent case law of the General Court, the CJEU, and the BoA of the CPVO, in particular with regard to the duty and extent of ex officio investigations and material conditions for grant of EU plant variety rights. It also considers the extent and impact of the 2016 changes in the proceedings regulation. This newly updated guide to the world's largest system for plant variety protection is an essential resource for practitioners in this field.
Plant Variety Rights
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Author : A. P. Ockwell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Plant Variety Rights written by A. P. Ockwell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Crops categories.
The Commons Plant Breeding And Agricultural Research
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Author : Fabien Girard
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-03-09
The Commons Plant Breeding And Agricultural Research written by Fabien Girard and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-09 with Law categories.
The joint challenges of population increase, food security and conservation of agrobiodiversity demand a rethink of plant breeding and agricultural research from a different perspective. While more food is undeniably needed, the key question is rather about how to produce it in a way that sustains biological diversity and mitigates climate change. This book shows how social sciences, and more especially law, can contribute towards reconfiguring current legal frameworks in order to achieving a better balance between the necessary requirements of agricultural innovation and the need for protection of agrobiodiversity. On the assumption that the concept of property can be rethought against the background of the 'right to include', so as to endow others with a common 'right to access' genetic resources, several international instruments and contractual arrangements drawn from the plant-breeding field (including the Convention on Biological Diversity, technology exchange clearing houses and open sources licenses) receive special consideration. In addition, the authors explore the tension between ownership and the free circulation and exchange of germplasm and issues such as genetic resources managed by local and indigenous communities, the ITPGRFA and participatory plant-breeding programmes. As a whole, the book demonstrates the relevance of the 'Commons' for plant breeding and agricultural innovation.
Crop Genetic Resources As A Global Commons
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Author : Michael Halewood
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013
Crop Genetic Resources As A Global Commons written by Michael Halewood and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Law categories.
Our food and livelihood security depend on the sustained management of the diverse biological resources that make up the Earth's plant genetic resources. This book is about the creation, management and use of the global crop commons, based upon the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
European Union Plant Variety Protection
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Author : Gert Würtenberger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
European Union Plant Variety Protection written by Gert Würtenberger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Intellectual property categories.
This book explains how the Community plant variety rights system works and provides guidance regarding the field of law relating to the Basic Regulation and other implementing regulations. It gives an idea of how the grant system works, the advantages of Community plant variety rights, and the aspects to be considered in exploiting and defending. It also explains the mechanisms in the Basic Regulation on how infringements of Community plant variety rights should be dealt with, including certain enforcement systems of the EU Member States. This book analyses major aspects that are considered of practical relevance in infringement proceedings under the applicable national law. It elaborates how the case law is limited in comparison with patent infringement proceedings throughout the EU Member States