Use Of 137cs For Soil Erosion Assessment
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Use Of 137cs For Soil Erosion Assessment
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2018-07-25
Use Of 137cs For Soil Erosion Assessment written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Soil erosion is the most destructive land degradation process causing removal of soil, siltation of water reservoirs and pollution of water sources. Combating erosion needs reliable data on soil erosion rates, its dynamics and spatial distribution. Collecting such data with conventional methods requires great investment and long period of time. The 137Cs method for erosion assessment can address this problem. The Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture of the IAEA has been working on this method for more than 20 years. This publication provides a brief guidance on this method. It covers major components of 137Cs method starting from its principles, the sampling strategy, gamma spectroscopic measurements, estimation of erosion rates with conversion models, data interpretation and the use of 137Cs method for erosion models validation. The publication is suitable for a wide audience such as researchers, agricultural and environmental experts, decision makers, farmers and students
Using 137cs Resampling Method To Estimate Mean Soil Erosion Rates For Selected Time Windows
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Author : Paolo Porto
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-05-13
Using 137cs Resampling Method To Estimate Mean Soil Erosion Rates For Selected Time Windows written by Paolo Porto and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-13 with Science categories.
This book provides guidelines for using a new approach of resampling the Cs-137 radionuclide tracer which is used to estimate soil erosion rates. The Cs-137 resampling approach will improve significantly the use of the Cs-137 method for assessment of soil erosion, because resampling the radionuclide repeatedly (at least two times, but more sampling campaigns are possible) allows to avoid several methodological difficulties associated with Cs-137 method, namely the problems with small-scale spatial heterogeneity, the question of representativeness of reference site, reference samples, and inappropriate time extent of evaluated period. All these methodological problems are very important for reliability and accuracy of erosion rates estimated by Cs-137 method. If using single sampling approach, the small-scale spatial heterogeneity can be overcome by high number of sampling points, but this is time and labour demanding solution increasing the expenses of the erosion research. The representativeness of reference site is evaluated usually on the basis of expert judgement and knowledge of land use history of studied area, but this approach is often uncertain because the expert judgement can be subjective and the data on land use history is often not sufficient. Further, in many areas an appropriate reference site is not available, what limits the territorial extent of using Cs-137 method. The resampling approach offers its second sampling to be done in a proximate vicinity of the same points sampled during the first sampling campaign. A great advantage is the possibility to decide how long time windows should be investigated. Choosing the time schedule of first and second sampling allows to shorten the time window and adjust it to the study objectives. This is a great improvement of the Cs-137 method, because the time period since the Cs-137 fallout is still growing and thus if using the single sampling approach the results refer to still longer and longer time window(since the Cs-137 fallout until the sampling time), and this period (recently ca 60 years assuming the maximum Cs-137 fallout in 1963) is too long to represent stable land use, because land uses are changing over the time and having the same land use over six decades is rather rare. The improvement of Cs-137 method achieved by resampling approach is significantly contributing to understanding the erosion dynamics and estimating its rates under changing environmental conditions (such as land uses, weather), and it will bring a significant benefit to soil conservation programmes, because Cs-137 method is indispensable for assessing the medium and long term soil erosion rates, and this information is among the basic inputs needed for planning and designing soil conservation measures.
Handbook For The Assessment Of Soil Erosion And Sedimentation Using Environmental Radionuclides
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Author : F. Zapata
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-05-08
Handbook For The Assessment Of Soil Erosion And Sedimentation Using Environmental Radionuclides written by F. Zapata and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This publication deals with soil erosion and sedimentation. Soil erosion and associated sediment deposition are natural landscape-forming processes that can be greatly accelerated by human intervention through deforestation, overgrazing, and non-sustainable farming practices. Soil erosion and sedimentation may not only cause on-site degradation of the natural resource base, but also off-site problems— downstream sediment deposition in fields, floodplains and water bodies, water pollution, eutrophication and reservoir siltation, etc. —with serious environmental and economic impairment. There is an urgent need for accurate information to quantify the problem and to underpin the selection of effective soil-conservation technologies and sedimentation-remediation strategies, including assessment of environmental and economic impacts. Existing classical techniques to document soil erosion are capable of meeting some of these needs, but they all possess important limitations. The quest for alternative techniques for assessing soil erosion, to complement existing methods, directed attention to the use of environmental radionuclides, in particular fallout as tracers to quantify rates and establish patterns of soil redistribution within the landscape. The concept of a project on the use of environmental radionuclides to quantify soil redistribution was first formulated at an Advisory Group Meeting convened in Vienna, April 1993, by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Soil Erosion The Greatest Challenge For Sustainable Soil Management
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2019-05-16
Soil Erosion The Greatest Challenge For Sustainable Soil Management written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-16 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Despite almost a century of research and extension efforts, soil erosion by water, wind and tillage continues to be the greatest threat to soil health and soil ecosystem services in many regions of the world. Our understanding of the physical processes of erosion and the controls on those processes has been firmly established. Nevertheless, some elements remain controversial. It is often these controversial questions that hamper efforts to implement sound erosion control measures in many areas of the world. This book, released in the framework of the Global Symposium on Soil Erosion (15-17 May 2019) reviews the state-of-the-art information related to all topics related to soil erosion.
Assessing Recent Soil Erosion Rates Through The Use Of Beryllium 7 Be 7
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Author : Lionel Mabit
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-02-18
Assessing Recent Soil Erosion Rates Through The Use Of Beryllium 7 Be 7 written by Lionel Mabit and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This open access book is the first comprehensive guideline for the beryllium-7 (Be-7) technique that can be applied to evaluate short-term patterns and budgets of soil redistribution in agricultural landscapes. While covering the fundamental and basic concepts of the approach, this book distinguishes itself from other publications by offering step-by-step instructions on how to use this isotopic technique effectively. It covers experimental design considerations and clear instruction is given on data processing. As accurate laboratory measurement is crucial to ensure successful use of Be-7 to investigate soil erosion, a full chapter is devoted to its specific determination by gamma spectrometry. This open access contribution further describes new developments in the Be-7 technique and includes a concluding chapter highlighting its potential benefits to support the implementation of area-wide soil conservation policy.
Assessment Methods For Soil Carbon
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Author : John M. Kimble
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2000-12-28
Assessment Methods For Soil Carbon written by John M. Kimble and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-12-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Since carbon sequestration in soils reduces the amount of carbon available to the atmosphere, the Kyoto Protocols have heightened interest in soil carbon pools and their effect on carbon fluxes. Assessment Methods for Soil Carbon addresses many of the questions related to the measurement, monitoring, and verification of organic and inorganic carbon
Proceedings Of The Global Symposium On Soil Erosion
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2019-10-15
Proceedings Of The Global Symposium On Soil Erosion written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The proceedings book of the Global Symposium on Soil Erosion (GSER19) contains all papers presented both orally and in poster format during the symposium (15-17 May 2019, FAO HQ). The papers presented have provided sufficient scientific evidence to show that soil erosion is a global threat to food production systems, available land for future demand, rural livelihoods, human health and biodiversity, and that coordinated effective action needs to be fostered and accelerated to address this issue. Studies presented provided scientific evidence that soil erosion is accelerated by anthropogenic action. In the current context of population increase and climate change, urgent action is needed from governments to support farmers and land-users in the transition to sustainable production systems, and crucial action is needed at global level to raise awareness of the importance of healthy and productive soils, to ensure a sustainable future and the achievement of many of the SDGs targeting hunger, water quality, and life on land, amongst others.
Monitoring And Evaluation Of Soil Conservation And Watershed Development Projects
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Author : Jan de Graaff
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-04-29
Monitoring And Evaluation Of Soil Conservation And Watershed Development Projects written by Jan de Graaff and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-29 with Nature categories.
This book provides diverse information and critical know-how to implement appropriate methodology and cost-efficient monitoring and evaluation systems better suited to assess the impacts of soil conservation and wastershed multi-sectoral development activities. It draws on a worldwide experience of specialists and a large array of ground-truthing projects and programmes. This book will meet its objective if it contributes to convince financing institutions and project managers that integrated watershed management activities have the potential to generate highly desirable impacts for the society at large, which have to be accurately measured by adequate M&E systems.
Intelligence Systems For Earth Environmental And Planetary Sciences
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Author : Hossein Bonakdari
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2024-07-30
Intelligence Systems For Earth Environmental And Planetary Sciences written by Hossein Bonakdari and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-30 with Science categories.
Intelligence Systems for Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences: Methods, Models and Applications provides cutting-edge theory and applications of modern-day artificial intelligence and data science in the Earth, environment, and planetary science fields. The book is divided into three sections: (i) Methods, covering the fundamentals of intelligence systems, along with an introduction to the preparation of datasets; (ii) Models, detailing model development, data assimilation, and techniques in each field; and (iii) Applications, presenting case studies of artificial intelligence and data science solutions to Earth, environmental, and planetary sciences problems, as well as future perspectives.Intelligence Systems for Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences will be of interest to students, academics, and postgraduate professionals in the field of applied sciences, Earth, environmental, and planetary sciences and would also serve as an excellent companion resource to courses studying artificial intelligence applications for theoretical and practical studies in Earth, environmental, and planetary sciences. - Facilitates the application of artificial intelligence and data science systems to create comprehensive methodologies for analyzing, processing, predicting, and management strategies in the fields of Earth, environment, and planetary science - Developed with an interdisciplinary framework, with an aim to promote artificial intelligence models for real-time Earth systems - Includes a section on case studies of artificial intelligence and data science solutions to Earth, environmental, and planetary sciences problems, as well as future perspectives
Man And River Systems
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Author : Josselin Garnier
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Man And River Systems written by Josselin Garnier and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Science categories.
The volume focuses on the ecological functioning of rivers, which has received less attention than functioning of lakes and reservoirs. The selected papers cover a large range of topics relating to aquatic communities, eutrophication, nutrient dynamics and organic pollution, erosion and sediment transport, and fate of micropollutants at the basin scale. Integrated approaches developed in order to study the ecological functioning of fluvial systems perturbed by human activity are presented. This functioning is analysed from the point of view of fundamental research, but insights into system management are not neglected. This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of aquatic ecology, river system functioning, and water surface pollution, to postgraduate students, to the institutions involved in water resource management, and to the drinking water and waste water treatment industries. It draws information from many large river systems in the world.