Use Of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Mtbe As A Gasoline Additive
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Use Of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Mtbe As A Gasoline Additive
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Author : Connecticut. Department of Environmental Protection
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Use Of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Mtbe As A Gasoline Additive written by Connecticut. Department of Environmental Protection and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Air quality categories.
Use Of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Mtbe In Gasoline
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Use Of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Mtbe In Gasoline written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Law categories.
Health Risks And Benefits From The Use Of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Mtbe As A Fuel Additive In The United States
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Health Risks And Benefits From The Use Of Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Mtbe As A Fuel Additive In The United States written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
Contaminated Soil 90
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Author : F. Arendt
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-08-23
Contaminated Soil 90 written by F. Arendt and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-23 with Science categories.
A. Rorsch TNO Board of Management In 1985 the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, in cooperation with the Netherlands Ministry for Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment, took the initiative for a conference on an important environmental problem: contaminated soil and groundwater. We named it, somewhat self-assured, the First International TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil. And indeed the contamination of soils and groundwater proved to be an environmental issue of such an extent that soon after the successful first conference, TNO started preparations for a second one, this time in cooperation with the State Ministry for the Environment (Umweltbehorde) of Hamburg. And now we are on the brink of the third conference, organized together with the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Centre (Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe). We feel honoured that the Federal Ministry for Research and Technology (BMFT) is again generously supporting this conference, and has anew declared it a BMFT Status Seminar. The conference (generally referred to as Contaminated Soil '85, Contaminated Soil '88 and Contaminated Soil '90, respectively) has successively gained in importance and prestige, which is reflected by the increasing number of participants and contributions to the scientific programme.
Ozone Forming Potential Of Reformulated Gasoline
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1999-09-23
Ozone Forming Potential Of Reformulated Gasoline written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-09-23 with Science categories.
The Committee on Ozone-Forming Potential for Reformulated Gasoline was asked whether the existing body of scientific and technical information is sufficient to permit a robust evaluation and comparison of the emissions from motor vehicles using different reformulated gasolines based on their ozone-forming potentials and to assess the concomitant impact of that approach on air-quality benefits of the use of oxygenates within the RFG program. As part of its charge, the committee was asked to consider (1) the technical soundness of various approaches for evaluating and comparing the relative ozone-forming potentials of RFG blends, (2) technical aspects of various air-quality issues related to RFG assessment, and (3) the sensitivity of evaluations of the relative ozone-forming potentials to factors related to fuel properties and the variability of vehicle technologies and driving patterns.
Technology Assessment And The Fuel Additive Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Mtbe
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Author : Herbert Levy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Technology Assessment And The Fuel Additive Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Mtbe written by Herbert Levy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
State Actions Regarding Mtbe
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Author : Kevin Edward McCarthy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
State Actions Regarding Mtbe written by Kevin Edward McCarthy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Butyl methyl ether categories.
Discusses whether Maine or any other state bars the use of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) as a gasoline additive.
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether
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Author : M. Gillner
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether written by M. Gillner and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Butyl methyl ether categories.
This book evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposure to methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE). Used almost exclusively as a fuel additive, MTBE is blended with gasoline to provide both octane enhancement and an increase in oxygen content. MTBE currently numbers among the 50 chemicals produced in the highest volume worldwide. Production and use are expected to increase, particularly in countries where oxygenated or reformulated gasolines are required in national programs aimed at reducing ambient air levels of carbon monoxide and ozone or benzene and other volatile hydrocarbons. A summary of sources of human and environmental exposure is followed by an assessment of what is known about the chemical's environmental behavior and fate. Studies demonstrate that, after discharge into air, MTBE largely remains in the air, with smaller amounts entering soil and water. Although atmospheric MTBE can partition into rain, data indicate that atmospheric transformation by hydroxyl radicals is a more important pathway of removal.
Environmental Forensics
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Author : R E Hester
language : en
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Release Date : 2008-06-27
Environmental Forensics written by R E Hester and has been published by Royal Society of Chemistry this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-27 with Science categories.
'Environmental forensics' is a combination of analytical and environmental chemistry, which is useful in the court room context. It therefore involves field analytical studies and both data interpretation and modelling connected with the attribution of pollution events to their causes. Recent decades have seen a burgeoning of legislation designed to protect the environment and, as the costs of environmental damage and clean-up are considerable, not only are there prosecutions by regulatory agencies, but the courts are also used as a means of adjudication of civil damage claims relating to environmental causes or environmental degradation. As a result is the increasing number of prosecutions of companies who have breached regulations for environmental protection and in civil claims relating to harm caused by excessive pollutant releases to the environment. Such cases can become extremely protracted as expert witnesses provide their sometimes conflicting interpretations of environmental measurement data and their meaning. It is in this context that environmental forensics is developing as a specialism, leading to greater formalisation of investigative methods which should lead to more definitive findings and less scope for experts to disagree. Now a significant subject in its own right, at least one journal devoted to the field and a number of degree courses have sprung up. As a result of the topicality and rapid growth of the subject area, is the publication of this book - the 26th volume in the highly acclaimed Issues in Environmental Science and Technology Series. This volume contains authoritative articles by a number of the leading practitioners across the globe in the environmental forensics field and aims to cover some of the main techniques and areas to which environmental forensics are being applied. The content is comprehensive and describes a number of the key areas within environmental forensics - topics covered by the authors include: - Source identification issues - Microbial techniques - Metal contamination and methods of assigning liability - The use of isotopes to determine sources and their applications - Molecular biological methods - Hydrocarbon fingerprinting techniques - Oil chemistry and key compound identification - The emerging role of environmental forensics in groundwater pollution Additionally, the volume considers specific pollutants and long-lived pollutants of groundwater such as halocarbons which have presented particular problems and which are described in some depth, as well as the way in which chemical degradation processes can lead to compositional changes which provide valuable information. The book provides a comprehensive overview of many of the key areas of environmental forensics written by some of the leading experts in the field. It will be both of specialist use to those seeking expert insights into the field and its capabilities as well as of more general interest to those involved in both environmental analytical science and environmental law.
Mtbe In Gasoline
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Mtbe In Gasoline written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Concern over water contamination caused by the gasoline additive methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) has raised questions concerning the desirability of using the additive as a means of producing cleaner burning fuel. MTBE has been used by most refiners to produce the reformulated gasoline (RFG) required under the Clean Air Act in portions of 17 states and the District of Columbia. It is credited with producing marked reductions in carbon monoxide emissions; RFG has also reduced emissions of toxic substances and the volatile organic compounds that react with other pollutants to form smog. Over the last few years, however, incidents of drinking water contamination by MTBE, particularly in California, have raised concerns and led to calls for restrictions on its use. In March 1999, Governor Davis of California ordered a phase-out of MTBE use in the state by December 31, 2002 (later amended to December 31, 2003). Sixteen other states, including New York, have subsequently enacted limits or phase-outs of the substance. EPA responded to initial reports of water contamination by intensifying research and focusing on the need to minimize leaks from underground fuel tanks. As reports of contamination spread in 1998 and 1999, however, EPAâ€TMs position evolved. On March 20, 2000, the Agency announced it was beginning the process of requiring a reduction or phase-out of MTBE use under Section 6 of the Toxic Substances Control Act. Because regulatory action could take years to complete, EPA urged Congress to amend the Clean Air Act to provide specific authority to reduce or eliminate use of the substance. Since then, the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee has reported bills to provide such authority three times (S. 791 in the 108th Congress). Language similar to S. 791 passed the Senate in its version of H.R. 6, the comprehensive energy bill, July 31. The House approved somewhat different MTBE provisions in its version of H.R. 6, April 11. The conference report on the bill includes more extensive assistance for MTBE producers â€" some of it controversial. The House adopted the conference report November 18. It awaits Senate action. If MTBE were removed from gasoline without amending the Clean Air Act, there would be a need for refiners to use alternative sources of oxygen in RFG. The potential alternatives are other forms of ether, or alcohols such as ethanol. Ethanol is the most likely substitute, but it costs more to produce than MTBE, poses challenges to the gasoline distribution system, and, some studies suggest that it increases the risk of water contamination compared to non-oxygenated gasoline. Also, in the short term, ethanol is unlikely to be available in sufficient quantity to replace MTBE nationwide. Gasoline that meets the performance requirements for RFG without using oxygenates at all can be made, but current law requires the use of oxygenates in RFG. The principal issues for Congress are whether MTBE use should be limited or phased out and whether there should be a “safe harborâ€ŗ from product liability lawsuits for gasoline refiners and marketers who used MTBE.