User Fee Design By Canadian Municipalities
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User Fee Design By Canadian Municipalities
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Author : Kelly Isabel Emmerson Farish
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
User Fee Design By Canadian Municipalities written by Kelly Isabel Emmerson Farish and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
User fees have become increasingly relied upon by municipal governments in Canada to fund municipal services due to the combined pressures from federal and provincial devolution of responsibility and the political costs of raising property taxes. While there is a substantial body of literature regarding the rationale for user fees, little information exists about how to design and implement a user fee such that it satisfies the Canadian legal requirements that have been established for the formal classification of user fees. We provide a detailed review of the existing Canadian case law to highlight key legal, technical, and administrative issues that present design and implementation challenges for user fees for Canadian municipalities. Through this analysis we highlight the key legal tests for user fees and discuss their application in case law. The application and interpretation of these tests in the case law draw attention to several unresolved issues and inconsistencies that need to be navigated and resolved by the courts.
When Is A User Fee Actually A User Fee
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Author : Kelly Isabel Emmerson Farish
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
When Is A User Fee Actually A User Fee written by Kelly Isabel Emmerson Farish and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The objective of this thesis is to provide guidance for Canadian municipal public administrators concerning the economic and legal criteria in the policy design and implementation of user fees. User fees are levies charged for a particular good or service, as compared to a tax, which is charged generally and not specifically allocated. The focus on municipalities is as a result of the unique revenue limitations faced by municipal governments. The thesis is based on a public administration framework that establishes four stages of public policy analysis: problem definition, design, implementation, and evaluation. With a focus on the design and implementation stages, this thesis clarifies the economic literature and jurisprudence in their respective disciplines and sets out design and implementation stage criteria that integrate both disciplines with a view to improving Canadian municipal user fee design and implementation.
User Fees In Canada
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Author : Lindsay M. Tedds
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016-09
User Fees In Canada written by Lindsay M. Tedds and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09 with categories.
Who Pays For Canada
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Author : E.A. Heaman
language : en
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Release Date : 2020-09-17
Who Pays For Canada written by E.A. Heaman and has been published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-17 with Political Science categories.
Canadians can never not argue about taxes. From the Chinese head tax to the Panama Papers, from the National Policy to the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement, tax grievances always inspire private resentments and public debates. But if resentment and debate persist, the terms of the debate have continually altered and adapted to reflect changing social, economic, and political conditions in Canada and the wider world. The centenary of income tax is the occasion for Canadian scholars to wrestle with past and present debates about tax equity, efficiency, and justice. Who Pays for Canada? explores the different ways governments can and should tax their peoples and evaluates how well Canada has done so. It brings together a diverse group of perspectives from academia - law, economics, political science, history, geography, philosophy, and accountancy - and from the wider world of activists and public servants. It asks how Canada compares to other countries and how other countries - especially the United States - influence Canadian tax policies. It also surveys internal tax tensions and politics, through the lenses of region and jurisdiction, as well as race, class, and gender. Reasoning from tax perplexities and reforms in the past and the present, it argues that fair taxation requires an informed populace and a democratically inclined public will. Above all, this book serves as a reminder that it is not only what counts as fair that is important, but how fairness is evaluated. Revealing how closely tax policy is tied to mainstream politics, human rights, and morality, Who Pays for Canada? represents new perspectives on a matter of tremendous national urgency.
Financing Infrastructure
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Author : Richard M. Bird
language : en
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Release Date : 2017-12-04
Financing Infrastructure written by Richard M. Bird and has been published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-04 with Political Science categories.
Politicians and citizens universally agree that Canada’s urban infrastructure urgently needs work. Roads and bridges are overdue for repair, aging water systems should be replaced, sewage must be adequately treated, urban transit needs to be updated and extended, and it is necessary that public housing as well as schools, health centres, and government offices are brought up to current standards. But few cities have room to raise additional revenue, and the federal and provincial governments to which they turn for financial support are already in deficit, so who is going to pay for all of this? Bringing together perspectives and case studies from across Canada, the US, and Europe, Financing Infrastructure argues that the answer to the question “Who should pay?” should always be “users.” Headed by two of Canada’s foremost experts on municipal finance, this book provides a closer look at why charging user fees makes sense, how much users should pay, how to charge fees well and where present processes can be improved, and how to convince the politicians and the public of the importance of pricing infrastructure correctly. Across the disciplines of public policy, urban studies, and economics, almost no one is looking at the extent to which users should play a role in infrastructure planning. Financing Infrastructure contends that the users, not federal and provincial taxpayers, should start paying directly for their cities’ repairs and expansions. Contributors include Richard M. Bird (University of Toronto), Bernard Dafflon (University of Fribourg, Switzerland), Robert D. Ebel (Local Governance Innovation and Development), Harry Kitchen (Trent University), Jean-Philippe Meloche (Université de Montréal), Matti Siemiatycki (University of Toronto), Enid Slack (University of Toronto), Almos T. Tassonyi (University of Calgary), Lindsay M. Tedds (University of Victoria), François Vaillancourt (Université de Montréal), and Yameng Wang (World Bank).
Supporting Urban Stormwater Management Programs With A User Fee
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Author : Khatija Sahib
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Supporting Urban Stormwater Management Programs With A User Fee written by Khatija Sahib and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
In the absence of adequate and consistent funding from traditional revenue sources, cities consider or implement a user-fee to sustainably support stormwater management initiatives. User-fees are policy tools charging customers for their consumption and utilization of a service the government delivers. Cities report favourable results as user-fees provide dedicated funding due to purposeful collection. However, it is challenging to design and administer a stormwater user-fee as staff must balance various considerations while responding to those in opposition. In fact, opposition has halted implementation in multiple cities. For instance, officials and the City of Toronto's electorate viewed the 2017 Stormwater Charge as regressive, resulting in the initiative's abandonment. By assessing user-fee programs in three broadly comparable cities to Toronto - New South Wales/Blacktown City Council (Australia), Philadelphia (USA), and Mississauga (Canada) - this research determines if key recommendations from broadly comparable cities can inform the design and administration of a user-fee for Toronto.
Running On Empty
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Author : Jack M. Mintz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Running On Empty written by Jack M. Mintz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Intergovernmental tax relations categories.
It is important for Canada to ensure that municipal funding includes adequate access to resources and the right incentives for municipal politicians to respond to the needs and wishes of their voters. In our search for a better financial model to improve political accountability, we find that an additional tax field for municipalities is generally not warranted, although it is important to provide municipalities with greater flexibility in financing their expenditure responsibilities. We conclude that current tax fields are adequate, since in most provinces, more revenue could be generated from residential property taxes or user fees. Additionally, municipalities can make more use of excise taxes, such as fuel and hotel taxes, to fund transportation and tourism: several cities already share, or have the right to share, in such taxes with the provinces.
The Impact Of Municipal User Fees On Secondary Suites
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Author : Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
The Impact Of Municipal User Fees On Secondary Suites written by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Rental housing categories.
Policy Transformation In Canada
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Author : Carolyn Hughes Tuohy
language : en
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
Release Date : 2019-01-01
Policy Transformation In Canada written by Carolyn Hughes Tuohy and has been published by University of Toronto Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-01 with History categories.
Canada's centennial anniversary in 1967 coincided with a period of transformative public policymaking. This period saw the establishment of the modern welfare state, as well as significant growth in the area of cultural diversity, including multiculturalism and bilingualism. Meanwhile, the rising commitment to the protection of individual and collective rights was captured in the project of a "just society." Tracing the past, present, and future of Canadian policymaking, Policy Transformation in Canada examines the country's current and most critical challenges: the renewal of the federation, managing diversity, Canada's relations with Indigenous peoples, the environment, intergenerational equity, global economic integration, and Canada's role in the world. Scrutinizing various public policy issues through the prism of Canada's sesquicentennial, the contributors consider the transformation of policy and present an accessible portrait of how the Canadian view of policymaking has been reshaped, and where it may be heading in the next fifty years.
Adapting To Climate Change
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Author : Gregory R. A. Richardson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Adapting To Climate Change written by Gregory R. A. Richardson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with City planning categories.
The impacts of changing climate are already evident in Canada and globally. Scientific understanding of climate change indicates that Canada will experience significant shifts in weather patterns over the period of a single generation, a trend that will likely continue for several centuries. Communities of all sizes will face many new risks and opportunities. Managing the impacts of a changing climate will require developing local strategies.