Vaccines For Pandemic Influenza
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Vaccines For Pandemic Influenza
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Author : Richard W Compans
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-09-18
Vaccines For Pandemic Influenza written by Richard W Compans and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-18 with Medical categories.
Recent years have seen unprecedented outbreaks of avian influenza A viruses. In particular, highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses have not only resulted in widespread outbreaks in domestic poultry, but have been transmitted to humans, resulting in numerous fatalities. The rapid expansion in their geographic distribution and the possibility that these viruses could acquire the ability to spread from person to person raises the risk that such a virus could cause a global pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. An effective influenza vaccine represents the best approach to prevent and control such an emerging pandemic. However, current influenza vaccines are directed at existing seasonal influenza viruses, which have little or no antigenic relationship to the highly pathogenic H5N1 strains. Concerns about pandemic preparedness have greatly stimulated research activities to develop eff- tive vaccines for pandemic influenza viruses, and to overcome the limitations inh- ent in current approaches to vaccine production and distribution. These limitations include the use of embryonated chicken eggs as the substrate for vaccine prod- tion, which is time-consuming and could involve potential biohazards in growth of new virus strains. Other limitations include the requirement that the current inac- vated influenza vaccines be administered using needles and syringes, requiring trained personnel, which could be a bottleneck when attempting to vaccinate large populations in mass campaigns. In addition, the current inactivated vaccines that are delivered by injection elicit limited protective immunity in the upper respiratory tract where the infection process is initiated.
Exploring Lessons Learned From A Century Of Outbreaks
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2019-06-05
Exploring Lessons Learned From A Century Of Outbreaks written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-05 with Medical categories.
In November 2018, an ad hoc planning committee at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine planned two sister workshops held in Washington, DC, to examine the lessons from influenza pandemics and other major outbreaks, understand the extent to which the lessons have been learned, and discuss how they could be applied further to ensure that countries are sufficiently ready for future pandemics. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from both workshops.
National Strategy For Pandemic Influenza
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
National Strategy For Pandemic Influenza written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Emergency management categories.
"Once again, nature has presented us with a daunting challenge: the possibility of an influenza pandemic. Scientists and doctors cannot tell us where or when the next pandemic will strike, or how severe it will be, but most agree: at some point, we are likely to face another pandemic. And the scientific community is increasingly concerned by a new influenza virus known as H5N1 -- or avian flu -- that is now spreading through bird populations across Asia, and has recently reached Europe. While avian flu has not yet acquired the ability to spread easily from human to human, there is still cause for vigilance. The virus has developed some characteristics needed to cause a pandemic: It has demonstrated the ability to infect human beings, and it has produced a fatal illness in humans. If the virus were to develop the capacity for sustained human-to-human transmission, it could spread quickly across the globe. Our country has been given fair warning of this danger to our homeland -- and time to prepare. My administration has developed a comprehensive national strategy, with concrete measures we can take to prepare for an influenza pandemic. Our strategy is designed to meet three critical goals: First, we must detect outbreaks that occur anywhere in the world; second, we must protect the American people by stockpiling vaccines and antiviral drugs, and improve our ability to rapidly produce new vaccines against a pandemic strain; and, third, we must be ready to respond at the federal, state and local levels in the event that a pandemic reaches our shores."--President George Bush.
Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Approaches Current Status And Future Directions
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Author : Rebecca Jane Cox
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-09-28
Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Approaches Current Status And Future Directions written by Rebecca Jane Cox and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-28 with Medical categories.
The Threat Of Pandemic Influenza
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2005-04-09
The Threat Of Pandemic Influenza written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-04-09 with Medical categories.
Public health officials and organizations around the world remain on high alert because of increasing concerns about the prospect of an influenza pandemic, which many experts believe to be inevitable. Moreover, recent problems with the availability and strain-specificity of vaccine for annual flu epidemics in some countries and the rise of pandemic strains of avian flu in disparate geographic regions have alarmed experts about the world's ability to prevent or contain a human pandemic. The workshop summary, The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? addresses these urgent concerns. The report describes what steps the United States and other countries have taken thus far to prepare for the next outbreak of "killer flu." It also looks at gaps in readiness, including hospitals' inability to absorb a surge of patients and many nations' incapacity to monitor and detect flu outbreaks. The report points to the need for international agreements to share flu vaccine and antiviral stockpiles to ensure that the 88 percent of nations that cannot manufacture or stockpile these products have access to them. It chronicles the toll of the H5N1 strain of avian flu currently circulating among poultry in many parts of Asia, which now accounts for the culling of millions of birds and the death of at least 50 persons. And it compares the costs of preparations with the costs of illness and death that could arise during an outbreak.
The Effectiveness Of Policies To Control A Human Influenza Pandemic A Literature Review
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Author : Arin Dutta
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2008
The Effectiveness Of Policies To Control A Human Influenza Pandemic A Literature Review written by Arin Dutta and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Aeronautics categories.
Abstract: The studies reviewed in this paper indicate that with adequate preparedness planning and execution it is possible to contain pandemic influenza outbreaks where they occur, for viral strains of moderate infectiousness. For viral strains of higher infectiousness, containment may be difficult, but it may be possible to mitigate the effects of the spread of pandemic influenza within a country and/or internationally with a combination of policies suited to the origins and nature of the initial outbreak. These results indicate the likelihood of containment success in 'frontline risk' countries, given specific resource availability and level of infectiousness; as well as mitigation success in 'secondary' risk countries, given the assumption of inevitable international transmission through air travel networks. However, from the analysis of the modeling results on interventions in the U.S. and U.K. after a global pandemic starts, there is a basis for arguing that the emphasis in the secondary risk countries could shift from mitigation towards containment. This follows since a mitigation-focused strategy in such developed countries presupposes that initial outbreak containment in these countries will necessarily fail. This is paradoxical if containment success at similar infectiousness of the virus is likely in developing countries with lower public health resources, based on results using similar modeling methodologies. Such a shift in emphasis could have major implications for global risk management for diseases of international concern such as pandemic influenza or a SARS-like disease.
Influenza Vaccines For The Future
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Author : Rino Rappuoli
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-10-28
Influenza Vaccines For The Future written by Rino Rappuoli and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-28 with Medical categories.
The emergence of H5N1 avian influenza in 1997 and of the influenza A H1N1 of swine origin in 2009 calls for new, rapid and sustainable solutions for both seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses. During the last ten years, science and technology have made enormous progress, and we are now able to monitor in real time the genetics of viruses while they spread globally, to make more powerful vaccines using novel adjuvants, and to generate viruses in the laboratory using reverse genetics. This volume not only provides state-of-the-art information on the biology of influenza viruses and on influenza vaccines, but is also designed to be a resource to face the present H1N1 pandemic and to plan for long-term global and sustainable solutions.
Funding Needs For Pandemic Influenza Preparedness
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date :
Funding Needs For Pandemic Influenza Preparedness written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Pandemic Influenza
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Author : Jonathan Van-Tam
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2012
Pandemic Influenza written by Jonathan Van-Tam and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Communicable diseases categories.
With a strong emphasis on practicality, this book offers comprehensive coverage of the science and operational application of influenza epidemiology, virology and immunology, as well as vaccinology, pharmaceutical and public health measures, biomathematical modelling, policy issues and ethics. Each chapter raises key questions and answers them in clear and concise sections, detailing relevant modelling studies and further reading. This new 2nd Edition is comprehensively updated and includes:* major lessons from the 2009-10 pandemic* new contributions on surveillance, International Health Regul.
Countering The Pandemic Threat Through Global Coordination On Vaccines The Influenza Imperative
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Author : National Academy of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2021-12-31
Countering The Pandemic Threat Through Global Coordination On Vaccines The Influenza Imperative written by National Academy of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-31 with Medical categories.
The COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare the fragility of the global system of preparedness and response to pandemics and the fragmentation of our research and development ecosystem. The pandemic has provided a disruptive moment to advance new norms and frameworks for influenza. It also has demonstrated how innovative global public-private partnerships and coordination mechanisms can lead to rapid successes in viral vaccine research, manufacturing, and risk pooling. Countering the Pandemic Threat Through Global Coordination on Vaccines identifies ways to strengthen pandemic and seasonal influenza global coordination, partnerships, and financing. This report presents seven overarching recommendations for how the urgent influenza threat should be conceptualized and prioritized within the global pandemic preparedness and response agenda in the future.