Vagueness In Context
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Vagueness In Context
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Author : Stewart Shapiro
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 2006-01-05
Vagueness In Context written by Stewart Shapiro and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-05 with Philosophy categories.
Stewart Shapiro's aim in Vagueness in Context is to develop both a philosophical and a formal, model-theoretic account of the meaning, function, and logic of vague terms in an idealized version of a natural language like English. It is a commonplace that the extensions of vague terms vary with such contextual factors as the comparison class and paradigm cases. A person can be tall with respect to male accountants and not tall (even short) with respect to professional basketball players. The main feature of Shapiro's account is that the extensions (and anti-extensions) of vague terms also vary in the course of a conversation, even after the external contextual features, such as the comparison class, are fixed. A central thesis is that in some cases, a competent speaker of the language can go either way in the borderline area of a vague predicate without sinning against the meaning of the words and the non-linguistic facts. Shapiro calls this open texture, borrowing the term from Friedrich Waismann. The formal model theory has a similar structure to the supervaluationist approach, employing the notion of a sharpening of a base interpretation. In line with the philosophical account, however, the notion of super-truth does not play a central role in the development of validity. The ultimate goal of the technical aspects of the work is to delimit a plausible notion of logical consequence, and to explore what happens with the sorites paradox. Later chapters deal with what passes for higher-order vagueness - vagueness in the notions of 'determinacy' and 'borderline' - and with vague singular terms, or objects. In each case, the philosophical picture is developed by extending and modifying the original account. This is followed with modifications to the model theory and the central meta-theorems. As Shapiro sees it, vagueness is a linguistic phenomenon, due to the kinds of languages that humans speak. But vagueness is also due to the world we find ourselves in, as we try to communicate features of it to each other. Vagueness is also due to the kinds of beings we are. There is no need to blame the phenomenon on any one of those aspects.
Vagueness In Context
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Author : Stewart Shapiro
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2008
Vagueness In Context written by Stewart Shapiro and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with English language categories.
Stewart Shapiro aims to develop a comprehensive account of the meaning, function and logic of vague terms in an idealised version of a natural language like English. He sees vagueness as a linguistic phenomenon, due to the kinds of languages that humans speak.
Extensions In Flux
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Author : Jonas Åkerman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Extensions In Flux written by Jonas Åkerman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Language and languages categories.
Vagueness A Guide
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Author : Giuseppina Ronzitti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-03-03
Vagueness A Guide written by Giuseppina Ronzitti and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-03 with Philosophy categories.
This volume explores how vagueness matters as a specific problem in the context of theories that are primarily about something else. After an introductory chapter on the Sorites paradox, which exposes the various forms the paradox can take and some of the responses that have been pursued, the book proceeds with a chapter on vagueness and metaphysics, which covers important questions concerning vagueness that arise in connection with the deployment of certain key metaphysical notions. Subsequent chapters address the following: vagueness and logic, which discusses the sort of model theory that is suggested by the main, rival accounts of vagueness; vagueness and meaning, which focuses on contextualist, epistemicist, and indeterminist theories; vagueness and observationality; vagueness within linguistics, which focuses on approaches that take comparison classes into account; and the idea that vagueness in law is typically extravagant and that extravagant vagueness is a necessary feature of legal systems.
Vagueness
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Author : Linda Claire Burns
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1991
Vagueness written by Linda Claire Burns and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
I-Puzzles Problems and Paradoxes.- One Conceptions of Vagueness.- 1.1 Frege's Metaphor and The Sorites Paradox.- 1.2 The Vehicle of Vagueness.- 1.3 Something Else to do with Vagueness.- 1.4 Intensional and Extensional Vagueness.- 1.5 Commitments.- 1.6 Fregean Vagueness.- 1.7 The Evidence for Fregean Vagueness.- 2 Linguistic Behaviour.- 2.1 The Myths of Consensus and Determinacy.- 2.2 Statistical Regularities and Semantic Determinacy.- 2.3 Vagueness and Convention.- 2.4 Vagueness and Truth Theory.- 3 Approaches to Vagueness.- 3.1 Borderline Cases, Bivalence and Higher Order Vagueness.- 3.2 Bivalence and Excluded Middle.- 3.3 Vagueness and Logic.- 3.4 Supervaluations.- (a) Specification Spaces.- (b) External Penumbral Connexions and Uncertainty.- (c) Internal Penumbral Connexions and the Sorites.- 3.5 Approaches to Higher Order Vagueness.- (a) Fuzzy Logics.- (b) The Specification Space Approach.- (c) The Generation of Higher Order Vagueness.- II-The Sorites Paradox.- 4 The Paradox.- 4.1 The Incoherence Thesis.- 4.2 Wright's Arguments for Tolerance.- 4.3 Versions of the Paradox.- 4.4 An Empirical Assumption.- 4.5 Dummett's View of the Paradox.- 4.6 Ad Hoc Stipulation and Inconsistent Rules.- 4.7 Causal Explanations of Consistency.- 4.8 Wright's Conclusions.- 5 Responses to the Paradox.- 5.1 The Elimination of Vagueness.- 5.2 Ideal Languages, Logic and Precision.- 5.3 Rejecting Common Sense.- 5.4 Rejecting the Induction Step.- 5.5 Rejecting the Principles of Classical Logic.- 5.6 Austerity Measures.- 5.7 Paradigm Exemplars and Knowledge of Tolerance Rules.- 5.8 Vagueness and Contextual Disambiguation.- 6 A Solution to the Paradox.- 6.1 Tolerance Principles and Pure Observationality.- 6.2 Counter-examples to Tolerance.- 6.3 A Reply, and a Review of the Nature of the Sorites Series.- 6.4 Revising Tolerance Rules.- 6.5 A Way Out of the Paradox.- 6.6 Strict and Loose Tolerance Rules.- 6.7 A Parallel with the Grue Paradox.- 7 Further Problems and Puzzles.- 7.1 Is Indiscernibility Tolerant?.- 7.2 Is Indiscernibility Vague?.- 7.3 Inconsistency without Paradox.- 7.4 Patches in Pairs.- 7.5 The Size of the Difference.- 7.6 A Review of the Criteria of Justification.- 7.7 Conceptual and Metaphysical Miracles.- 7.8 Vagueness and Pure Observationality.- 8 Vagueness and Perception.- 8.1 A Puzzle about Perception.- 8.2 Phenomenal Qualities and Observational Predicates.- 8.3 Change of Aspect.- 8.4 Tolerance and Observationality.- 8.5 Vagueness in Perception.- 9 Conclusions.- 9.1 The Induction Step and Continua in Nature.- 9.2 The Existence of Fregean Vagueness.- 9.3 Constraints on Observer and Theorist.- 9.4 Fregean Vagueness, Loose Tolerance Rules and Undecidability.- 9.5 Vagueness as a Pragmatic Phenomenon.- 9.6 Tolerance and the Actual Language Relation.- 9.7 Bivalence, Vagueness and Truth.- 9.8 Vagueness in Language and in Psychological Phenomena.- 9.9 Vagueness, Precision and Context-Dependence.- 9.10 Classification Ranges.
Unruly Words
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Author : Diana Raffman
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2014-02
Unruly Words written by Diana Raffman and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
In Unruly Words, Diana Raffman advances a new theory of vagueness which, unlike previous accounts, is genuinely semantic while preserving bivalence. According to this new approach, called the multiple range theory, vagueness consists essentially in a term's being applicable in multiple arbitrarily different, but equally competent, ways, even when contextual factors are fixed.
The Effects Of Sentence Context On Ambiguous Vague And Clear Nouns
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Author : Louis Blaine Goss
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
The Effects Of Sentence Context On Ambiguous Vague And Clear Nouns written by Louis Blaine Goss and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Information theory categories.
Approaching Vagueness
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Author : Thomas T. Ballmer
language : en
Publisher: North Holland
Release Date : 1983
Approaching Vagueness written by Thomas T. Ballmer and has been published by North Holland this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Ambiguity categories.
Not Exactly
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Author : Kees van Deemter
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-05-24
Not Exactly written by Kees van Deemter and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-24 with Computers categories.
Our lives are full of inexactitude. We say a person is tall or an action is just without the precision of measurement on a dial. In this engaging account, Kees van Deemter explores vagueness, cutting across areas such as language, mathematical logic, and computing. He considers why vagueness is inherent, and why it is important in how we function.
Vagueness
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Author : Delia Graff
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-09-08
Vagueness written by Delia Graff and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-08 with Philosophy categories.
Vagueness, volume XX, contains twenty-seven essays, with issues covered including: nihilism, phenomenal sorites, degrees of truth, epistemicism, higher-order vagueness, contextualism, and intuitionism. Written by leading contemporary philosophers, these essays will be of interest to researchers in philosophy of language, philosophical logic, metaphysics and epistemology; as well as those in natural language semantics, artificial intelligence and cognitive science more generally. A substantial introduction written by the editors provides a guide to the topic and to the essays in the volume.