Values And Preferences
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Values And Preferences
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Author : Leaf Van Boven
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Values And Preferences written by Leaf Van Boven and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Extensive research in the values and preferences literature suggests that preferences are sensitive to context and calculated at the time of choice. This has led to the view that preferences are constructed. Recent work calls for a better understanding of when preferences are constructed and when they are not. We contend that the answer to this question depends on the meaning of the term constructed. Constructed can mean that a preference changes across contexts. If construction is synonymous with context sensitivity, we contend that preferences are always constructed because context influences nearly every aspect of the judgment and choice process. As a motivating example, we show that preferences are influenced by goals and goals are highly context sensitive. Constructed, however, can mean instead that a preference is calculated or formulated during the judgment and choice process. If construction is synonymous with calculation, we contend that many preferences are calculated and the more important question is to what degree preferences are calculated. We review the literature that shows that the degree to which decision makers calculate preferences is influenced by goals, cognitive constraints, and experience.
Values And Preferences
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Author : Caleb Warren
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Values And Preferences written by Caleb Warren and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Extensive research in the values and preferences literature suggests that preferences are sensitive to context and calculated at the time of choice. This has led to the view that preferences are constructed. Recent work calls for a better understanding of when preferences are constructed and when they are not. We contend that the answer to this question depends on the meaning of the term constructed. Constructed can mean that a preference changes across contexts. If construction is synonymous with context sensitivity, we contend that preferences are always constructed because context influences nearly every aspect of the judgment and choice process. As a motivating example, we show that preferences are influenced by goals and goals are highly context sensitive. Constructed, however, can mean instead that a preference is calculated or formulated during the judgment and choice process. If construction is synonymous with calculation, we contend that many preferences are calculated and the more important question is to what degree preferences are calculated. We review the literature that shows that the degree to which decision makers calculate preferences is influenced by goals, cognitive constraints, and experience.
Values Preference Indicator
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Author : Everett Thomas Robinson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006-01-01
Values Preference Indicator written by Everett Thomas Robinson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with categories.
Using Patient Values And Preferences To Inform The Importance Of Health Outcomes In Practice Guideline Development Following The Grade Approach
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Author : Yuan Zhang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Using Patient Values And Preferences To Inform The Importance Of Health Outcomes In Practice Guideline Development Following The Grade Approach written by Yuan Zhang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Abstract: Background There are diverse opinions and confusion about defining and including patient values and preferences (i.e. the importance people place on the health outcomes) in the guideline development processes. This article aims to provide an overview of a process for systematically incorporating values and preferences in guideline development. Methods In 2013 and 2014, we followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to adopt, adapt and develop 226 recommendations in 22 guidelines for the Ministry of Health of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To collect context-specific values and preferences for each recommendation, we performed systematic reviews, asked clinical experts to provide feedback according to their clinical experience, and consulted patient representatives. Results We found several types of studies addressing the importance of outcomes, including those reporting utilities, non-utility measures of health states based on structured questionnaires or scales, and qualitative studies. Guideline panels used the relative importance of outcomes based on values and preferences to weigh the balance of desirable and undesirable consequences of alternative intervention options. However, we found few studies addressing local values and preferences. Conclusions Currently there are different but no firmly established processes for integrating patient values and preferences in healthcare decision-making of practice guideline development. With GRADE Evidence-to-Decision (EtD) frameworks, we provide an empirical strategy to find and incorporate values and preferences in guidelines by performing systematic reviews and eliciting information from guideline panel members and patient representatives. However, more research and practical guidance are needed on how to search for relevant studies and grey literature, assess the certainty of this evidence, and best summarize and present the findings
Values Education In Early Childhood Settings
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Author : Eva Johansson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-05-07
Values Education In Early Childhood Settings written by Eva Johansson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-07 with Education categories.
This book is about values education in early years settings and discusses theory and concepts, as well as methodological and empirical perspectives. It explores issues such as the kinds of values that are communicated between educators and children and the kind of future citizens we foster in early childhood settings. It illustrates by way of cases involving many participants, including children, educators, and researchers, who have their roots in diverse contexts, and reside in different parts of the world, including Australia, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Slovenia, and Sweden. The book carefully considers the contextualized character of the cases presented, yet argues that the questions, theories, and methodologies emphasized do inform the international debate in manifold ways. Communication of values in a broad and diverse sense is central in any pedagogy, especially for the youngest children in the educational system. Still, values education has been neglected as a research field, in education in general and particularly in the early years. This book addresses this lack of knowledge by scrutinizing various questions about values education in ECEC settings.
Manual And Automatic Analysis Of Patients Values And Preferences Using Seton Hcahps Surveys
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Author : Mariia Shovkun
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Manual And Automatic Analysis Of Patients Values And Preferences Using Seton Hcahps Surveys written by Mariia Shovkun and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Understanding the values and preferences of patients is a key to patient-centered care. This study aims to identify these values and preferences by analyzing the data provided by The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS). The data is presented as a free-form survey of patients of a variety of hospitals in the United States. The survey was conducted via telephone and concluded with free-form comments that provide a unique way to understand positive and negative sides of health care services. We use topic modeling to automatically identify the crucial aspects of patient-centered care as well as obtain the most high- and low-rated traits of the healthcare system. In particular, we use Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to identify the extent to which the topics correspond to values and preferences. In this study we present (1) an approach to manual and automatic evaluation of patients values and preferences and (2) a list of the aspects of the modern healthcare system that are crucial to its patients. This list can be used by hospitals in order to improve the quality of services they provide. Our findings have important implications for patient satisfaction, patient-provider relationships, and, ultimately, health outcomes.
The Structure Of Values And Norms
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Author : Sven Ove Hansson
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2007-05-19
The Structure Of Values And Norms written by Sven Ove Hansson and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-19 with Science categories.
Formal representations of values and norms are employed in several academic disciplines and specialties, such as economics, jurisprudence, decision theory, and social choice theory. Hansson has developed a unified formal representation of values and norms that reflects both their static and their dynamic properties. This formalized treatment, carried out in terms of both informal value theory and precise logical detail, will contribute to the clarification of certain issues in the basic philosophical theory of values and norms.
Values Of German Media Users
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Author : Merja Mahrt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-05-04
Values Of German Media Users written by Merja Mahrt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-04 with Social Science categories.
Values of German media users, 1986-2007 Values have been discussed in connection to the changes brought to the German TV landscape since the introduction of the dual system in 1984. Yet, on such occurrences arguments have rarely, if at all, been based on reliable information about differences in televised values. Nor have values of the audience of channels or genres been considered. This study offers a starting point for such an endeavor, focusing on the role values play for people’s media choices. In a theoretical overview, values are situated in a framework of overlapping spheres that influence people in the adoption of values. Social learning is the main mechanism behind this process of socialization. Values define what is desirable or not and how one should behave in a given situation according to the rules of one’s society. As stable basic traits close to an individual’s personality, values play a part in the building of motives that finally result in behavior. With regard to media, a well-established gratification of media use is the reinforcement of one’s own values and worldviews. Based on the finding that mediated value patterns differ across outlets and types of content, I assume that different values should lead people do prefer different media over others.
Best Care At Lower Cost
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2013-05-10
Best Care At Lower Cost written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-10 with Medical categories.
America's health care system has become too complex and costly to continue business as usual. Best Care at Lower Cost explains that inefficiencies, an overwhelming amount of data, and other economic and quality barriers hinder progress in improving health and threaten the nation's economic stability and global competitiveness. According to this report, the knowledge and tools exist to put the health system on the right course to achieve continuous improvement and better quality care at a lower cost. The costs of the system's current inefficiency underscore the urgent need for a systemwide transformation. About 30 percent of health spending in 2009-roughly $750 billion-was wasted on unnecessary services, excessive administrative costs, fraud, and other problems. Moreover, inefficiencies cause needless suffering. By one estimate, roughly 75,000 deaths might have been averted in 2005 if every state had delivered care at the quality level of the best performing state. This report states that the way health care providers currently train, practice, and learn new information cannot keep pace with the flood of research discoveries and technological advances. About 75 million Americans have more than one chronic condition, requiring coordination among multiple specialists and therapies, which can increase the potential for miscommunication, misdiagnosis, potentially conflicting interventions, and dangerous drug interactions. Best Care at Lower Cost emphasizes that a better use of data is a critical element of a continuously improving health system, such as mobile technologies and electronic health records that offer significant potential to capture and share health data better. In order for this to occur, the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, IT developers, and standard-setting organizations should ensure that these systems are robust and interoperable. Clinicians and care organizations should fully adopt these technologies, and patients should be encouraged to use tools, such as personal health information portals, to actively engage in their care. This book is a call to action that will guide health care providers; administrators; caregivers; policy makers; health professionals; federal, state, and local government agencies; private and public health organizations; and educational institutions.
Incomparable Risks Values And Preferences
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Author : Nicolas Espinoza
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Incomparable Risks Values And Preferences written by Nicolas Espinoza and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.