Values And Psychiatric Diagnosis

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Values And Psychiatric Diagnosis

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Author : John Z. Sadler
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2005

Values And Psychiatric Diagnosis written by John Z. Sadler and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Medical categories.

In this work, John Z. Sadler examines the nature and significance for practice of the value-content of psychiatric diagnostic classification.

Descriptions And Prescriptions

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Author : John Z. Sadler
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2003-04-30

Descriptions And Prescriptions written by John Z. Sadler and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-04-30 with Medical categories.

Most everyone agrees that having pneumonia or a broken leg is always a bad thing, but not everyone agrees that sadness, grief, anxiety, or even hallucinations are always bad things. This fundamental disjunction in how disease and disorders are valued is the basis for the considerations in Descriptions and Prescriptions. In this book John Z. Sadler, M.D., brings together a distinguished group of contributors to examine how psychiatric diagnostic classifications are influenced by the values held by mental health professionals and the society in which they practice. The aim of the book, according to Sadler, is "to involve psychiatrists, psychologists, philosophers, and scholars in related fields in an intimate exchange about the role of values in shaping past and future classifications of mental disorders." Contributors: George J. Agich, Ph.D., Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Carol Berkenkotter, Ph.D., Michigan Technological University; Lee Anna Clark, Ph.D., University of Iowa; K.W.M. Fulford, D.Phil., F.R.C.Psych., University of Warwick, Coventry; Irving I. Gottesman, Ph.D., University of Virginia; Laura Lee Hall, Ph.D.; Cathy Leaker, Ph.D., Empire State College; Chris Mace, M.D., M.R.C.Psych., University of Warwick, Coventry; Laurie McQueen, M.S.S.W., American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C.; Christian Perring, Ph.D., Dowling College; James Phillips, M.D., Yale University School of Medicine; Harold Alan Pincus, M.D., University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Jennifer H. Radden, D.Phil., University of Massachusetts; Doris J. Ravotas, M.A., L.L.P., Michigan Technological University; Patricia A. Ross, Ph.D., University of Minnesota; Kenneth F. Schaffner, M.D., Ph.D., George Washington University; Michael Alan Schwartz, M.D., Case Western Reserve University; Daniel W. Shuman, J.D., Southern Methodist University; Allyson Skene, Ph.D., York University; Jerome C. Wakefield, D.S.W., Rutgers University; Thomas A. Widiger, Ph.D., University of Kentucky; Osborne P. Wiggins, Ph.D., University of Louisville.

Philosophical Issues In Psychiatry Ii

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Author : Kenneth S. Kendler
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2012-04-19

Philosophical Issues In Psychiatry Ii written by Kenneth S. Kendler and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-19 with Medical categories.

Psychiatric and psychological practice and research is critically dependent on diagnosis. Yet the nature of psychiatric diagnosis and the rules by which disorders should be created and organized have been highly controversial for over 100 years. Unlike simple medical disorders (like infectious diseases), psychiatric disorders cannot be traced to one simple etiologic agent. The last two generations have seen major conceptual shifts in the approach to diagnosis with the rise of operationalized criteria and an emphasis on a descriptive rather than etiological approach to diagnosis. The interest in psychiatric diagnoses is particularly heightened now because both of the major psychiatric classifications in the world - DSM and ICD - are now undergoing major revisions. What makes psychiatric nosology so interesting is that it sits at the intersection of philosophy, empirical psychiatric/psychological research, measurement theory, historical tradition and policy. This makes the field fertile for a conceptual analysis. This book brings together established experts in the wide range of disciplines that have an interest in psychiatric nosology. The contributors include philosophers, psychologists, psychiatrists, historians and representatives of the efforts of DSM-III, DSM-IV and DSM-V. Some of the questions addressed include i) what is the nature of psychiatric illness? Can it be clearly defined and if so how? ii) What is the impact of facts versus values in psychiatric classification? iii) How have concepts of psychiatric diagnosis changed over time? iv) How can we best conceptualize the central idea of diagnostic validity? And v) Can psychiatric classification be a cumulative enterprise seeking improvements at each iteration of the diagnostic manual? Each individual chapter is introduced by the editors and is followed by a commentary, resulting in a dynamic discussion about the nature of psychiatric disorders. This book will be valuable for psychiatrists, psychologists and other mental health trainees and professionals with an interest in the questions and problems of psychiatric diagnosis, as well as philosophers and philosophy students interested in the problems posed by psychiatry, particularly those working in the philosophy of science.

What Is Mental Disorder

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Author : Derek Bolton
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2008-02-07

What Is Mental Disorder written by Derek Bolton and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-07 with Health & Fitness categories.

With a new edition of the 'bibles' of psychiatric diagnosis - the ICD and DSM - under development, it is timely to take a step back and evaluate how we diagnose and define mental disorder. This new book by Derek Bolton tackles the problems involved in the definition and boundaries of mental disorder.

Diagnosis And The Dsm

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Author : S. Vanheule
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-03-19

Diagnosis And The Dsm written by S. Vanheule and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-19 with Medical categories.

This book critically evaluates the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Through analysis of the history of psychiatric diagnosis and of the handbook itself, it argues that the DSM-5 has a narrow biomedical approach to mental disorders, and proposes a new contextualizing model of mental health symptoms.

Epistemic And Nonepistemic Values In Psychiatric Explanation And Classification

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Author : Aaron Kostko
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014

Epistemic And Nonepistemic Values In Psychiatric Explanation And Classification written by Aaron Kostko and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.

My dissertation addresses two longstanding debates in the philosophy of psychiatry: the debate between objectivists and evaluativists regarding the relative significance of factual descriptions and evaluative judgments in attributions of psychiatric disorder and the debate between reductionists and pluralists over whether explanations of psychiatric disorders should proceed at a single level or multiple levels of explanation. The standard way to distinguish philosophical accounts of psychiatric disorder is in terms of the relative significance they grant to factual descriptions of abnormal functioning and evaluative judgments of this abnormal functioning. I argue that this way of categorizing philosophical accounts is overly simplistic and that a more fruitful approach is to focus on the role of epistemic and nonepistemic evaluative judgments in the contexts of psychiatric diagnosis, classification, and research. Using debates regarding the diagnostic criteria for diagnoses of Bipolar Disorder, I highlight the interaction between epistemic and nonepistemic value judgments and argue that the latter play a legitimate role in decisions regarding the relative risks of false positive and false negative diagnoses and whether to draw an inference quickly or wait for further evidence to reduce uncertainties. I show how this approach provides for a more straightforward comparison of the various accounts of psychiatric disorder by making explicit the role and type of evaluative judgments that are either ignored or often tacitly assumed by each account. The second half of my dissertation focuses on the debate between reductionists and pluralists. I outline and evaluate five specific reductionist theses within the philosophy of psychiatry literature: 1) ontological reductionism, 2) eliminative reductionism, 3) methodological reductionism, 4) epistemological reductionism, and 5) causal reductionism. I argue that eliminative, epistemological, and causal reductionism will likely not be borne out by the empirical evidence and that only ontological reductionism, characterized as a general commitment to physicalism, and methodological reductionism are consistent with the current evidence and explanatory aims of psychiatry. I then consider why reductionism has received so much attention and criticism despite the fact that there is no author who explicitly defends the view. I attribute this focus on reductionism to recent proposals to synthesize psychiatry with neuroscience. However, I argue that these proposals advocate nothing more than a general commitment to physicalism and a localized version of methodological reductionism and, therefore, that concerns about reductionist trends in psychiatry and the alleged harms associated with such trends are unwarranted. Pragmatism and pluralism are often defended as alternatives to reductionism in psychiatry. I examine three proposals for incorporating pragmatism into psychiatry and argue that they all fail to provide specific guidance as to how pragmatic considerations should influence decisions regarding psychiatric diagnosis and classification. I then examine proposals for incorporating empirically based pluralism and explanatory pluralism into psychiatry and argue that each view fails to fully address the problem of how to determine the relative explanatory significance of various levels of explanation. I argue that one can only address these shortcomings if one acknowledges a role of nonepistemic value judgments and that the inclusion of such judgments is the inevitable consequence of recognizing the complexity of psychiatric disorders and the provisional nature of psychiatric classification and explanation.

International Perspectives In Values Based Mental Health Practice

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Author : Drozdstoy Stoyanov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-12-11

International Perspectives In Values Based Mental Health Practice written by Drozdstoy Stoyanov and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-11 with Medical categories.

This open access book offers essential information on values-based practice (VBP): the clinical skills involved, teamwork and person-centered care, links between values and evidence, and the importance of partnerships in shared decision-making. Different cultures have different values; for example, partnership in decision-making looks very different, from the highly individualized perspective of European and North American cultures to the collective and family-oriented perspectives common in South East Asia. In turn, African cultures offer yet another perspective, one that falls between these two extremes (called batho pele). The book will benefit everyone concerned with the practical challenges of delivering mental health services. Accordingly, all contributions are developed on the basis of case vignettes, and cover a range of situations in which values underlie tensions or uncertainties regarding how to proceed in clinical practice. Examples include the patient’s autonomy and best interest, the physician’s commitment to establishing high standards of clinical governance, clinical versus community best interest, institutional versus clinical interests, patients insisting on medically unsound but legal treatments etc. Thus far, VBP publications have mainly dealt with clinical scenarios involving individual values (of clinicians and patients). Our objective with this book is to develop a model of VBP that is culturally much broader in scope. As such, it offers a vital resource for mental health stakeholders in an increasingly inter-connected world. It also offers opportunities for cross-learning in values-based practice between cultures with very different clinical care traditions.

Psychiatric Diagnosis And Classification

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Author : Mario Maj
language : en
Publisher: Wiley
Release Date : 2002-04-22

Psychiatric Diagnosis And Classification written by Mario Maj and has been published by Wiley this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-04-22 with Medical categories.

This book provides an overview of the strengths and limitations of the currently available systems for the diagnosis and classification of mental disorders, in particular the DSM-IV and the ICD-10, and of the prospects for future developments. Among the covered issues are: * The impact of biological research * The diagnosis of mental disorders in primary care * The usefulness and limitations of the concept of comorbidity in psychiatry * The role of understanding and empathy in the diagnostic process * The ethical, legal and social aspects of psychiatric classification Psychiatric Diagnosis & Classification provides a comprehensive picture of the current state of available diagnostic and classificatory systems in psychiatry and the improvements that are needed.

Psychiatric Diagnosis Revisited

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Author : Stijn Vanheule
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-02-22

Psychiatric Diagnosis Revisited written by Stijn Vanheule and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-22 with Psychology categories.

This book explores the purpose of clinical psychological and psychiatric diagnosis, and provides a persuasive case for moving away from the traditional practice of psychiatric classification. It discusses the validity and reliability of classification-based approaches to clinical diagnosis, and frames them in their broader historical and societal context. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is used across the world in research and a range of mental health settings; here, Stijn Vanheule argues that the diagnostic reliability of the DSM is overrated, built on a limited biomedical approach to mental disorders that neglects context, and ultimately breeds stigma. The book subsequently makes a passionate plea for a more detailed approach to the study of mental suffering by means of case formulation. Starting from literature on qualitative research the author makes clear how to guarantee the quality of clinical case formulations.

The Medical Model In Mental Health

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Author : Ahmed Samei Huda
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-05-16

The Medical Model In Mental Health written by Ahmed Samei Huda and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-16 with Medical categories.

Many published books that comment on the medical model have been written by doctors, who assume that readers have the same knowledge of medicine, or by those who have attempted to discredit and attack the medical practice. Both types of book have tended to present diagnostic categories in medicine as universally scientifically valid examples of clear-cut diseases easily distinguished from each other and from health; with a fixed prognosis; and with a well-understood aetiology leading to disease-reversing treatments. These are contrasted with psychiatric diagnoses and treatments, which are described as unclear and inadequate in comparison. The Medical Model in Mental Health: An Explanation and Evaluation explores the overlap between the usefulness of diagnostic constructs (which enable prognosis and treatment decisions) and the therapeutic effectiveness of psychiatry compared with general medicine. The book explains the medical model and how it applies in mental health, assuming little knowledge or experience of medicine, and defends psychiatry as a medical practice.