Vcsels For Cesium Based Miniaturized Atomic Clocks
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Vcsels For Cesium Based Miniaturized Atomic Clocks
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Author : Ahmed Al-Samaneh
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2015-09-23
Vcsels For Cesium Based Miniaturized Atomic Clocks written by Ahmed Al-Samaneh and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Frequency standards or clocks provide time references for a wide range of applications such as synchronization of communication networks, remote sensing and global positioning. Over the last couple of decades, demands on the data rates of many communication systems have substantially increased, imposing more restricted requirements on the stability of their timing devices. At the same time applications have become more mobile, increasing the demand for small and low-power clocks. Atomic clocks have provided the most stable frequency references for more than 50 years. However, the size and power requirements of microwave-cavity-based atomic clocks prohibit them from being portable and battery-operated. Hence, research on miniaturized atomic clocks (MACs) has been initiated by various research groups. A European research project on MACs, funded by the European commission started in 2008. This dissertation reports on the achievements within the European research project in the development of suitable lasers for such atomic clocks. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are compelling light sources for MACs because of their low power consumption, high modulation bandwidth, and favorable beam characteristics. VCSELs must feature polarization-stable single-mode emission. Additionally, they must provide narrow linewidth emission at a center wavelength of about 894.6nm and be well suited for harmonic modulation at about 4.6GHz in order to employ coherent population trapping effect at the cesium D1 line. The polarization orientation of the emitted light of a standard VCSEL is a priori unknown. Polarization control is achieved by etching a shallow surface grating in the top Bragg mirror. For the purpose of integration with the clock microsystem, flip-chip-bondable VCSEL designs are realized. Such designs facilitate a straightforward mounting and make the electrical contacts high-frequency compatible.
17th Ieee International Conference On Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE)
Release Date : 2004
17th Ieee International Conference On Micro Electro Mechanical Systems written by and has been published by Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Science categories.
17th Ieee International Conference On Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
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Author : IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems 17, 2004, Maastricht, The Netherlands
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
17th Ieee International Conference On Micro Electro Mechanical Systems written by IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems 17, 2004, Maastricht, The Netherlands and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Laser Physics At The Limits
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Author : Hartmut Figger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Laser Physics At The Limits written by Hartmut Figger and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
Laser physics has always been driven by a genuinely scientific quest to extend existing limits, limits of physical knowledge and limits of physical methods. Enhancing precision, sensitivity, and resolution has been an essential topic of this evolution. Experiments and concepts of laser physics have also earned a central place in modern physics. More than 100 years after the invention of quantum physics, subtleties of light-matter interaction can be beautifully illustrated through the application of lasers, an invaluable highlight of our current presentation of modern microscopic physics. The scientific advancement of physics is impossible without the ingenuity of experimenters and of theoreticians. Among those, Theodor Hänsch has oc cupied a commanding position for many decades now, contributing numerous original and fundamental contributions to the field of laser physics. This vol urne was thus initiated on the occasion of his 60th birthday. It demonstrates the influence of his scientific activities at present and during the recent past. Current developments in fields such as atomic elocks, precision measurements of fundamental constants, nonlinear optical effects, Bose-Einstein condensa tion, and atomic quantum engineering underline the virtue of concepts and results derived in his laboratories.
Journal Of Micro Nanolithography Mems And Moems
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Journal Of Micro Nanolithography Mems And Moems written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Microelectronics categories.
Electronic And Photonics Packaging
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Release Date : 2007
Electronic And Photonics Packaging written by and has been published by American Society of Mechanical Engineers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Laser Physics At The Limits
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Author : Hartmut Figger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2001-11-02
Laser Physics At The Limits written by Hartmut Figger and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-11-02 with Computers categories.
Published on the occasion of Theodor Hänsch's 60th Birthday emphasis is placed on precision related to results in a variety of fields, such as atomic clocks, frequency standards, and the measurement of physical constants in atomic physics. Furthermore, illustrations and engineering applications of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics are widely covered. It has contributions by Nobel prize winners Norman F. Ramsey, Steven Chu, and Carl E. Wieman.
Squid Sensors
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Author : H. Weinstock
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Squid Sensors written by H. Weinstock and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book willbcof value to anyone who wishes to consider the use of SQUID-based magnetic sensing for anyone of a number of practical applications. The focus here is to examine in detail how SQUID technology is used and how. the results of the measurements obtained can be interpreted to provide useful information in a variety of real-world applications. The concentration is on those areas that have received the most attention, namely bioma~etism and nondestructive evaluation, but. the topics chosen include as well, geophysics, underwater ordnance detection, accelerometry and a few somewhat more exotic applications. To provide a reasonable perspective. an attempt has been made to consider competing technologies for most applications, and in some cases to consider how SQUID-based technology may be integrated with other technologies to provide an optimum total-system configuration. It is also the intention of the editor, that this book will be of major value to those scientists and engineers who will be required to build both the essential components and complete cryogenic SQUID systems which will be utilized in the various applications presented. Thus, there is a comprehensive review of the principles of SQUID operation, and a detailed exposition on the fabrication of high-temperature-superconducting (HTS) SQUIDs. Although the market is currently dominated by low-temperature superconducting (L TS) SQUIDs, it is reasonably certain that in the near future HTS SQUIDs will take over in most situations.
Icono 2001
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Author : S. N. Bagayev
language : en
Publisher: SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering
Release Date : 2002
Icono 2001 written by S. N. Bagayev and has been published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Science categories.
This volume examines quantum and atomic optics, high-precision measurements in optics, and optical information processing, transmission, and storage.
Bonding In Microsystem Technology
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Author : Jan A. Dziuban
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-01-30
Bonding In Microsystem Technology written by Jan A. Dziuban and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-30 with Science categories.
This is the first compendium on silicon/glass microsystems made by deep wet etching and the first book with a detailed description of bonding techniques used in microsystem technology. Technological results presented in the book have been tested experimentally by the author and his team, and can be utilized in day-to-day laboratory practice. Special attention has been paid to the highest level of accessibility of the book by students.