Visual Dysfunction In Schizophrenia A View Into The Mechanisms Of Madness
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Visual Dysfunction In Schizophrenia A View Into The Mechanisms Of Madness
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Author : Randolph Blake
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-05-11
Visual Dysfunction In Schizophrenia A View Into The Mechanisms Of Madness written by Randolph Blake and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-11 with Psychology categories.
Research on visual perception in schizophrenia has a long history. However, it is only recently that it has been included in mainstream efforts to understand the cognitive neuroscience of the disorder and to assist with biomarker and treatment development (e.g., the NIMH CNTRICS and RDoC initiatives). Advances in our understanding of visual disturbances in schizophrenia can tell us about both specific computational and neurobiological abnormalities, and about the widespread computational and neurobiological abnormalities in the illness, of which visual disturbances constitute well-studied, replicable, low-level examples. Importantly, far from being a passive sensory registration process, visual perception is active, inferential, and hypothesis-generating, and therefore can provide excellent examples of breakdowns in general brain functions in schizophrenia. Despite progress made in understanding visual processing disturbances in schizophrenia, many challenges exist and many unexplored areas are in need of examination. For example, the directional relationships between perceptual and cognitive disturbances (e.g., in attention, memory, executive function, predictive coding) remain unclear in many cases, as do links with symptoms, including visual hallucinations. The effect of specific visual disturbances on multisensory integration in schizophrenia has also not been explored. In addition, few studies of vision in schizophrenia have used naturalistic stimuli, including real-world objects, and almost no studies have examined processing during interaction with objects or visual exploration, which can provide important data on functioning of the perception for action pathway. Relatedly, studies of visual processing in schizophrenia have also not been conducted within contexts that include emotional stimulation and the presence of reinforcers – characteristics of many real-world situations - and the consequences of this are likely to be an incomplete view of how and when perception is abnormal in the condition. An additional important area involves treatment of visual disturbances in schizophrenia. Two major questions regarding this are: 1) can visual processing be improved in cases where it is impaired (and by what types of interventions affecting which cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms)? and 2) what are the clinical and functional benefits of improving specific visual functions in people with schizophrenia? Other important and understudied questions concern: 1) the extent to which indices of visual functioning can serve as biomarkers such as predictors of relapse, treatment response, and/or recovery; 2) the potential role of visual functioning in diagnosing and predicting illness; 3) the extent to which some visual perception disturbances are diagnostically specific to schizophrenia; and 4) the extent to which visual disturbances are truly manifestations of disease, as opposed to aspects of normal variation that, in combination with disease, serves to modify the clinical presentation. This Frontiers Research Topic explores some of these, and other issues facing this exciting interface between vision science and schizophrenia research. We include papers that span the entire range of different Frontiers paper types, including those that are data driven (using psychophysics, electroencephalography, neuroimaging, computational and animal models, and other methods), reviews, hypotheses, theories, opinion, methods, areas of impact, and historical perspectives.
Madness
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Author : Justin Garson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022
Madness written by Justin Garson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Medical categories.
Since the time of Hippocrates, madness has typically been viewed through the lens of disease, dysfunction, and defect. In Madness, philosopher of science Justin Garson presents a radically different paradigm for conceiving of madness and the forms that it takes. In this paradigm, which he calls madness-as-strategy, madness is neither a disease nor a defect, but a designed feature, like the heart or lungs. The book will be essential reading for philosophers of medicine and psychiatry, historians and sociologists of medicine, and mental health service users, survivors, and activists, for its alternative and liberating vision of what it means to be mad.
Equal To The Madness
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Author : Zachary Wheeler
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2024-07-30
Equal To The Madness written by Zachary Wheeler and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-30 with Psychology categories.
Equal to the Madness: Countertransference Intensive Psychotherapy for Psychosis is among the first books of its kind to offer a semistructured psychoanalytic treatment for schizophrenia and psychotic disorders. Grounded in contemporary psychoanalytic theory, with a strong focus on Wilfred Bion’s seminal contributions to the treatment of psychotic states, this book presents a model for working with psychotic patients that emphasizes the key role of countertransference in understanding the patient and producing change. It addresses all the most important areas of treatment in one volume, presenting clinicians with comprehensive theory and technique for providing effective and thoughtful care to psychotic patients. Equal to the Madness was researched using an intuitive process of “distillation and matching,” a means of selecting and identifying the common elements in treatment from diverse psychoanalytic literature spanning more than one hundred years. It effectively condenses, synthesizes, and streamlines much of psychoanalytic thinking on psychosis into an easy-to-access treatment compendium. The result is an explicit, well-articulated approach to psychotherapy that is sufficiently organized to be useful as a treatment manual, giving clinicians a reliable framework for intervening with psychotic patients. Equal to the Madness is didactic and applied in addition to theoretical. It offers basic instruction to those who are just learning about the treatment of psychosis for the first time but is far-reaching enough to be helpful to more seasoned professionals. It provides clinicians with information related to assessment, intervention, and therapeutic strategies tailored specifically for psychotic patients. Rich case materials illustrating important concepts are included to reinforce learning. Equal to the Madness is a foundational resource for mental health care providers that delivers an instrumental learning experience.
Madness And Creativity Yes No Or Maybe
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Author : Anna Abraham
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-11-23
Madness And Creativity Yes No Or Maybe written by Anna Abraham and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-23 with Creative ability categories.
The pervasive idea that madness and creativity are intricately linked is one that holds tremendous fascination for both scientists and the general public alike. Although this view was at first largely driven by anecdotal evidence showcasing the manifestation of mental illness in individuals who exhibited extraordinary levels of creativity in various spheres of life, it initiated a strong impetus to empirically investigate the association between mental health and creativity. A variety of approaches (and combinations of approaches) have been adopted to address this association including clinical, personality, psychometric, behavioral, cognitive, historiometric and neuroscientific. Despite the ever accumulating body of evidence over the past six decades investigating this link, what is lacking is a comprehensive overview of the disparate findings from these different approaches that will enable us to address the question of whether there is an empirically founded relationship between creativity and mental illness. And if such a link does exist, what is the nature of this association? The purpose of this Research Topic was to motivate theorists and researchers to answer this question (or at least attempt to do so) given the available evidence thus far. The themes of interest that were open to exploration in view of this topic included: (a) Which mental disorders are positively associated with creativity? (b) Which mental disorders are negatively associated with creativity? (c) The dynamics of information processing biases (positive versus negative) associated with psychiatric and high-risk populations (d) Theories regarding the madness-creativity link (e) Personality-based studies on creativity (f) Creativity, mental illness and the brain (g) Genes and creativity (h) How can studies on neurological populations inform this debate? (i) What are the areas of impact with regard to real world applications and practice? (j) Historical timeline of this question (k) Evolutionary perspectives on the madness-creativity link (l) Methodological problems associated with this field (m) Philosophical issues to bear in mind when investigating this domain (n) The usefulness of the “troubled genius” concept The invitation to contribute was open to all interested academics regardless of whether they were seasoned explorers within this field of study or just beginning to get their feet wet in its murky waters. As a result of adopting this inclusive approach, the contributions showcase a wide variety of perspectives from academic departments and institutions the world over. What is most encouraging is that so many were willing to openly take on the challenge of tackling this difficult question head on. We hope future discussions that follow through as a result of this collective effort will prove to be just as fruitful.
Handbook Of The Sociology Of Mental Health
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Author : Carol S. Aneshensel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-07-16
Handbook Of The Sociology Of Mental Health written by Carol S. Aneshensel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-16 with Social Science categories.
This second edition of the Handbook of the Sociology of Mental Health features theory-driven reviews of recent research with a comprehensive approach to the investigation of the ways in which society shapes the mental health of its members and the lives of those who have been diagnosed as having a mental illness The award-winning Handbook is distinctive in its focus on how the organization and functioning of society influences the occurrence of mental disorder and its consequences. A core issue that runs throughout the text concerns the differential distribution of mental illness across various social strata, defined by status characteristics such as gender, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and age. The contributions to this volume shed light on the social, cultural, and economic factors that explain why some social groups have an elevated risk of disorder. They also address the social repercussions of mental disorder for individuals, including stigmatization within the larger society, and for their families and social networks. The second edition of this seminal volume includes substantial updates to previous chapters, as well as seven new chapters on: -The Individual’s Experience of Mental Illness.--The Medicalization of Mental Illness.---Age, Aging, and Mental Health.- -Religion and Mental Health.- -Neighborhoods and Mental Health.- -Mental Health and the Law—and Public Beliefs about Mental Illness.
Madness Explained
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Author : Richard P Bentall
language : en
Publisher: Penguin UK
Release Date : 2003-06-05
Madness Explained written by Richard P Bentall and has been published by Penguin UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-06-05 with Psychology categories.
A revised edition of Madness Explained, Richard Bentall's groundbreaking classic on mental illness In Madness Explained, leading clinical psychologist Richard Bentall shatters the modern myths that surround psychosis. Is madness purely a medical condition that can be treated with drugs? Is there a clear dividing line between who is sane and who is insane? For this revised edition, he adds new material drawing on the recent advances in molecular genetics, new studies of the role of environment in psychosis, and important discoveries on early symptoms preceding illness, among other important developments in our understanding. 'Madness Explained is a substantial, yet highly accessible work. Full of insight and humanity, it deserves a wide readership.' Sunday Times 'Will give readers a glimpse both of answers to their own problems, and to questions about how the mind works' Independent Magazine Richard P. Bentall holds a Chair in Experimental Clinical Psychology at the University of Manchester. In 1989 he received the British Psychological Society's May Davidson Award for his contribution to the field of Clinical Psychology.
Cognitive Impairment In Schizophrenia
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Author : Philip D. Harvey
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-01-24
Cognitive Impairment In Schizophrenia written by Philip D. Harvey and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-24 with Medical categories.
Although the precise mechanisms and pathways of schizophrenia remain something of a mystery, there is little dispute that cognitive deficits present as some of the clearest and most debilitating symptoms of the disease. This book describes the characteristics of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, functional implications, the course of impairments, the genetic and biological contributions and reviews management options, including neuropsychological, psychological and pharmacological techniques. Chapters are written by leading experts in the field, in an accessible and highly informative style, ensuring the content is clinically relevant. State-of-the-art information about new developments in the treatment of related features of the illness, such as disability, is provided. The wide ranging focus of this volume will appeal to clinicians and academic researchers working with patients impaired by severe mental illness.
The Silicon Shrink
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Author : Daniel Oberhaus
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2025-02-04
The Silicon Shrink written by Daniel Oberhaus and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-02-04 with Psychology categories.
Why the race to apply AI in psychiatry is so dangerous, and how to understand the new tech-driven psychiatric paradigm. AI psychiatrists promise to detect mental disorders with superhuman accuracy, provide affordable therapy for those who can’t afford or can’t access treatment, and even invent new psychiatric drugs. But the hype obscures an unnerving reality. In The Silicon Shrink, Daniel Oberhaus tells the inside story of how the quest to use AI in psychiatry has created the conditions to turn the world into an asylum. Most of these systems, he writes, have vanishingly little evidence that they improve patient outcomes, but the risks they pose have less to do with technological shortcomings than the application of deeply flawed psychiatric models of mental disorder at unprecedented scale. Oberhaus became interested in the subject of mental health after tragically losing his sister to suicide. In the book, he argues that these new, ostensibly therapeutic technologies already pose significant risks to vulnerable people, and they won’t stop there. These new breeds of AI systems are creating a psychiatric surveillance economy in which the emotions, behavior, and cognition of everyday people are subtly manipulated by psychologically savvy algorithms that have escaped the clinic. Oberhaus also introduces readers to the concept of “swipe psychology,” which is quickly establishing itself as the dominant mode of diagnosing and treating mental disorders. It is not too late to change course, but to do so means we must reckon with the nature of mental illness, the limits of technology, and what it means to be human.
Genes And Mental Health
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Author : Herbert Yahraes
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1978
Genes And Mental Health written by Herbert Yahraes and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Human genetics categories.
The Technical Delusion
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Author : Jeffrey Sconce
language : en
Publisher: Duke University Press
Release Date : 2019-01-17
The Technical Delusion written by Jeffrey Sconce and has been published by Duke University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-17 with Performing Arts categories.
Delusions of electronic persecution have been a preeminent symptom of psychosis for over two hundred years. In The Technical Delusion Jeffrey Sconce traces the history and continuing proliferation of this phenomenon from its origins in Enlightenment anatomy to our era of global interconnectivity. While psychiatrists have typically dismissed such delusions of electronic control as arbitrary or as mere reflections of modern life, Sconce demonstrates a more complex and interdependent history of electronics, power, and insanity. Drawing on a wide array of psychological case studies, literature, court cases, and popular media, Sconce analyzes the material and social processes that have shaped historical delusions of electronic contamination, implantation, telepathy, surveillance, and immersion. From the age of telegraphy to contemporary digitality, the media emerged within such delusions to become the privileged site for imagining the merger of electronic and political power, serving as a paranoid conduit between the body and the body politic. Looking to the future, Sconce argues that this symptom will become increasingly difficult to isolate, especially as remote and often secretive powers work to further integrate bodies, electronics, and information.