Visual Perception Of Self Motion
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Visual Perception Of Self Motion
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Visual Perception Of Self Motion written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
With the advent of sensory engineering, it may be possible to circumvent the problems of spatial-disorientation, increase efficiency, and/or improve performance in self motion tasks by the modification of visual information. As a first step to this end, the visual information necessary for optimal motion perception was explored. In one set of experiments, the effect of eye movements on the ability to perceive small speed or direction differences was investigated.
Perception And Control Of Self Motion
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Author : Rik Warren
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-01-14
Perception And Control Of Self Motion written by Rik Warren and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-14 with Psychology categories.
This book presents studies of self-motion by an international group of basic and applied researchers including biologists, psychologists, comparative physiologists, kinesiologists, aerospace and control engineers, physicians, and physicists. Academia is well represented and accounts for most of the applied research offered. Basic theoretical research is further represented by private research companies and also by government laboratories on both sides of the Atlantic. Researchers and students of biology, psychology, physiology, kinesiology, engineering, and physics who have an interest in self-motion -- whether it be underwater, in space, or on solid ground -- will find this volume of interest. This book presents studies of self-motion by an international group of basic and applied researchers including biologists, psychologists, comparative physiologists, kinesiologists, aerospace and control engineers, physicians, and physicists. Academia is well represented and accounts for most of the applied research offered. Basic theoretical research is further represented by private research companies and also by government laboratories on both sides of the Atlantic. Researchers and students of biology, psychology, physiology, kinesiology, engineering, and physics who have an interest in self-motion -- whether it be underwater, in space, or on solid ground -- will find this volume of interest.
Tutorials On Motion Perception
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Author : Alexander H. Wertheim
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Tutorials On Motion Perception written by Alexander H. Wertheim and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
From August 24-29, 1980 the international "Symposium on the Study of Motion Perception; Recent Developments and Applications", sponsored by NATO and organized by the editors of this book, was held in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. The meeting was attended by about eighty scholars, including psychologists, neurologists, physicists and other scientists, from fourteen different countries. During the symposium some fifty research papers were presented and a series of tutorial review papers were read and discussed. The research presentations have been published in a special issue of the international journal of psychonomics "Acta Psychologica" (Vol. 48, 1981). The present book is a compilation of the tutorial papers. The tutorials were arranged around early versions of the chapters now appearing in this book. The long discussions at the Veldhoven tutorial sessions resulted in extensive revisions of the texts prior to this publication. Unfortunately this led to a delay in publication, but we feel that this was justified by a greater depth of understanding which, in our opinion, has significantly increased the quality of the book. As they now stand, the chapters cover most of the issues relevant to the study of motion perception. Also they clearly reflect the intensive exchange of knowledge that took place during the symposium. As such we think that this book can be used both as an advanced text for students and scientists alike and as a comprehensive reference source.
Visual Control Of Locomotion
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Author : Brett R. Fajen
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-04-22
Visual Control Of Locomotion written by Brett R. Fajen and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-22 with Psychology categories.
This Element examines visual perception in the context of activities that involve moving about in complex, dynamic environments. A central theme is that the ability of humans and other animals to perceive their surroundings based on vision is profoundly shaped by the need to adaptively regulate locomotion to variations in the environment. As such, important new insights into what and how we perceive can be gleaned by investigating the connection between vision and the control of locomotion. I present an integrated summary of decades of research on the perception of self-motion and object motion based on optic flow, the perception of spatial layout and affordances, and the control strategies for guiding locomotion based on visual information. I also explore important theoretical issues and debates, including the question of whether visual control relies on internal models.
Perception Of Space And Motion
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Author : William Epstein
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1995-09-15
Perception Of Space And Motion written by William Epstein and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-09-15 with Psychology categories.
During the past 25 years, the field of space and motion perception has rapidly advanced. Once thought to be distinct perceptual modes, space and motion are now thought to be closely linked. Perception of Space andMotion provides a comprehensive review of perception and vision research literature, including new developments in the use of sound and touch in perceiving space and motion. Other topics include the perception of structure from motion, spatial layout,and information obtained in static and dynamic stimulation. Spatial layout Structure from motion Information on static and dynamic stimulation (visual, acoustic, and haptic)
Analysis Of The Visual Information For Self Motion Perception
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Author : Sheryl Maxine Ehrlich
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Analysis Of The Visual Information For Self Motion Perception written by Sheryl Maxine Ehrlich and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Movement, Psychology of categories.
On The Perception Of Self Motion
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Author : Alessandro Nesti
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
On The Perception Of Self Motion written by Alessandro Nesti and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Motion perception (Vision) categories.
Everyday life requires humans to move through the environment, while completing crucial tasks such as retrieving nourishment, avoiding perils or controlling motor vehicles. Success in these tasks largely relies in a correct perception of self-motion, i.e. the continuous estimation of one's body position and its derivatives with respect to the world. The processes underlying self-motion perception have fascinated neuroscientists for more than a century and large bodies of neural, behavioural and physiological studies have been conducted to discover how the central nervous system integrates available sensory information to create an internal representation of the physical motion. The goal of this PhD thesis is to extend current knowledge on self-motion perception by focusing on conditions that closely resemble typical aspects of everyday life. In the works conducted within this thesis, I isolate different components typical of everyday life motion and employ psychophysical methodologies to systematically investigate their effect on human self-motion sensitivity. Particular attention is dedicated to the human ability to discriminate between motions of different intensity. How this is achieved has been a fundamental question in the study of perception since the seminal works of Weber and Fechner. When tested over wide ranges of rotations and translations, participants' sensitivity (i.e. their ability to detect motion changes) is found to decrease with increasing motion intensities, revealing a nonlinearity in the perception of self-motion that is not present at the level of ocular reflexes or in neural responses of sensory afferents. The relationship between the stimulus intensity and the smallest intensity change perceivable by the participants can be mathematically described by a power law, regardless on the sensory modality investigated (visual or inertial) and on whether visual and inertial cues were presented alone or congruently combined, such as during natural movements. Individual perceptual law parameters were fit based on experimental data for upward and downward translations and yaw rotations based on visual-only, inertial-only and combined visual-inertial motion cues. Besides wide ranges of motion intensities, everyday life scenarios also provide complex motion patterns involving combinations of rotational and translational motion, visual and inertial sensory cues and physical and mental workload. The question of how different combinations of these factors affect motion sensitivity was experimentally addressed within the framework of driving simulation and revealed that sensitivity might strongly decrease in more realistic conditions, where participants do not only focus on perceiving a 'simple' motion stimulus (e.g. a sinusoidal profile at a specific frequency) but are, instead, actively engaged in a dynamic driving simulation. Applied benefits of the present thesis include advances in the field of vehicle motion simulation, where knowledge on human self-motion perception supports the development of state-of-the-art algorithms to control simulator motion. This allows for reproducing, within a safe and controlled environment, driving or flying experiences that are perceptually realistic to the user. Furthermore, the present work will guide future research into the neural basis of perception and action.
The Effect Of Perceived Self Orientation On The Perception Of Visually Induced Self Motion
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Author : Meaghan Elizabeth McManus
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
The Effect Of Perceived Self Orientation On The Perception Of Visually Induced Self Motion written by Meaghan Elizabeth McManus and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
In certain environments the direction of up indicated by vision and gravity can be in conflict where these directions do not agree. Some people resolve this conflict by relying on their visual cues. In this case, when a participant and the room in which they are sitting are both tilted together, they would feel as if they were standing upright and would experience what is called a Visual Reorientation Illusion (VRI). A VRI on Earth might result from either (1) ignoring the gravity up in favour of the visual up, resulting in a higher visual weighting, or (2) misinterpreting the ambiguous vestibular acceleration cue not as a tilt but as a translation. In Chapter 2, I present evidence that during a VRI individuals require less visual motion to perceive that they have traveled through a specified distance: the move-to-target task. This might result from an enhancement of the visual cue due to a higher visual weighting while down-weighting the conflicting gravity cue, here referred to as my reweighting hypothesis. In Chapter 3, I find that people with VRIs actually have a lower visual weight and higher gravity weight when determining their perceived upright. This suggests that either the reweighting theory is incorrect or that the participants with a higher gravity weight might be more likely to detect, and then reweight, the conflicting visual and vestibular cues. In Chapter 4, I find that when the gravity cue is removed by moving into a 0g environment, initially there is no difference in performance on the move-to-target task compared to on Earth, but after adapting to microgravity and also upon return to 1g, participants need more visual motion to feel they have passed through a specified distance. Chapter 4 provides further evidence that my reweighting theory is incorrect. My research demonstrates that even within the same environment and while viewing the same stimuli, different people can have different interpretations of the environment which are related to changes in behaviour. Specifically, a persons perceived orientation can affect their self-motion perception. The findings are discussed in terms of sensory cue conflict and reweighting, as well as differences between how we perceive visual motion versus how we use it.
The Perception Of Object Motion During Self Motion
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Author : Diederick Christian Niehorster
language : en
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
Release Date : 2017-01-26
The Perception Of Object Motion During Self Motion written by Diederick Christian Niehorster and has been published by Open Dissertation Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with categories.
This dissertation, "The Perception of Object Motion During Self-motion" by Diederick Christian, Niehorster, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: When we stand still and do not move our eyes and head, the motion of an object in the world or the absence thereof is directly given by the motion or quiescence of the retinal image. Self-motion through the world however complicates this retinal image. During self-motion, the whole retinal image undergoes coherent global motion, called optic flow. Self-motion therefore causes the retinal motion of objects moving in the world to be confounded by a motion component due to self-motion. How then do we perceive the motion of an object in the world when we ourselves are also moving? Although non-visual information about self-motion, such as provided by efference copies of motor commands and vestibular stimulation, might play a role in this ability, it has recently been shown that the brain possesses a purely visual mechanism that underlies scene-relative object motion perception during self-motion. In the flow parsing hypothesis developed by Rushton and Warren (2005; Warren & Rushton, 2007; 2009b), the brain uses its sensitivity to optic flow to detect and globally remove retinal motion due to self-motion and recover the scene-relative motion of objects. Research into this perceptual ability has so far been of a qualitative nature. In this thesis, I therefore develop a retinal motion nulling paradigm to measure the gain with which the flow parsing mechanism uses the optic flow to remove the self-motion component from an object's retinal motion. I use this paradigm to investigate how accurate scene-relative object motion perception during self-motion can be based on only visual information, whether this flow parsing process depends on a percept of the direction of self-motion and the tuning of flow parsing, i.e., how it is modulated by changes in various stimulus aspects. The results reveal that although adding monocular or binocular depth information to the display to precisely specify the moving object's 3D position in the scene improved the accuracy of flow parsing, the flow parsing gain was never up to the extent required by the scene geometry. Furthermore, the flow parsing gain was lower at higher eccentricities from the focus of expansion in the flow field and was strongly modulated by changes in the motion angle between the self-motion and object motion components in the retinal motion of the moving object, the speeds of these components and the density of the flow field. Lastly, flow parsing was not affected by illusory changes in the perceived direction of self-motion. In conclusion, visual information alone is not sufficient for accurate perception of scene-relative object motion during self-motion. Furthermore, flow parsing takes the 3D position of the moving object in the scene into account and is not a uniform global subtraction process. 8e observed tuning characteristics are different from those of local perceived motion interactions, providing evidence that flow parsing is a separate process from these local motion interactions. Finally, flow parsing does not depend on a prior percept of self-motion direction and instead directly uses the input retinal motion to construct percepts of scene-relative object motion during self-motion. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5177318 Subjects: Motion perception (Vision)
Eye Movements
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Author : Dennis F. Fisher
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-03-27
Eye Movements written by Dennis F. Fisher and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-27 with Psychology categories.
Originally published in 1981, this volume represents the edited proceedings of the third symposium on eye movements and behaviour sponsored by the US Army Human Engineering Laboratory. The conference, titled "The Last Whole Earth Eye Movement Conference" was held in Florida in February 1980. As the conference approached, seizure of the American hostages by the Iranian militants, the Russian invasion of Afghanistan, and the uncertain economic outlook around the world made it appear as though the title was a self-fulfilling prophecy. But the meeting proved highly successful and people throughout the world seemed to be adapting to the stresses of international tension, making the possibility of subsequent meetings more likely. The present volume is intended to serve as a complementary text to the earlier texts Eye Movements and Psychological Processes (Monty & Senders, 1976) and Eye Movements and the Higher Psychological Functions (Senders, Fisher & Monty, 1978), rather than a revision and update of them.