Vulnerability In Consumption Education And Health
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Vulnerability In Consumption Education And Health
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Author : Edmundo Murrugarra
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2003
Vulnerability In Consumption Education And Health written by Edmundo Murrugarra and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Consumption (Economics) categories.
The authors analyze the widespread effects of the financial crisis in Russia to explore the vulnerabilities of households in Moldova. They show that the crisis had differential impacts on households, affecting most the urban and better-off. Households' decisions about education and health resulted in decreased utilization and expenditures. The enrollment of young children from better-off households did not improve while others did. Secondary school enrollment of children from better-off households decreased after the crisis, in part because of the need to release labor supply. Health utilization decreased mainly for primary health care (not for hospitals), both for better-off households and in rural areas. Some of these changes are due to limited household resources (health), decreased public spending (health and education) or the need to increase households' labor supply (education of teenagers). Social benefits played a very limited role in mitigating these effects, solely in health care use. Households' assets helped to offset some of the negative effects of declining incomes.
Vulnerability In Consumption Education And Health
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Author : Edmundo Murrugarra
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Vulnerability In Consumption Education And Health written by Edmundo Murrugarra and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Murrugarra and Signoret analyze the widespread effects of the financial crisis in Russia to explore the vulnerabilities of households in Moldova. They show that the crisis had differential impacts on households, affecting most the urban and better-off. Households' decisions about education and health resulted in decreased utilization and expenditures. The enrollment of young children from better-off households did not improve while others did. Secondary school enrollment of children from better-off households decreased after the crisis, in part because of the need to release labor supply. Health utilization decreased mainly for primary health care (not for hospitals), both for better-off households and in rural areas. Some of these changes are due to limited household resources (health), decreased public spending (health and education) or the need to increase households' labor supply (education of teenagers). Social benefits played a very limited role in mitigating these effects, solely in health care use. Households' assets helped to offset some of the negative effects of declining incomes.This paper - a product of the Human Development Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia Region - is part of a larger effort in the region to understand the effects of crises on human development.
Changing The Odds For Vulnerable Children Building Opportunities And Resilience
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2019-11-19
Changing The Odds For Vulnerable Children Building Opportunities And Resilience written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-19 with categories.
This report analyses the individual and environmental factors that contribute to child vulnerability. It calls on OECD countries to develop and implement cross-cutting well-being strategies that focus on empowering vulnerable families; strengthening children’s emotional and social skills; strengthening child protection; improving children’s health and educational outcomes; and reducing child poverty and material deprivation.
Vulnerability To Chronic Energy Deficiency
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Author : Maithili Ramachandran
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Vulnerability To Chronic Energy Deficiency written by Maithili Ramachandran and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Chronic fatigue syndrome categories.
Nutrition And Vulnerable Groups
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Author : Amanda Devine
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2019-06-17
Nutrition And Vulnerable Groups written by Amanda Devine and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-17 with Medical categories.
Food insecurity is a complex ‘wicked’ problem that results from a range of unstable and uncertain physical, social, cultural and economic factors that limits access to nutritious food. Globally, 800 million people are under-nourished, and around 2 billion are overweight/obese or have micronutrient deficiency. These populations are largely positioned in developing countries where disease burden is high and impacts health budgets and productivity. Similarly developed countries, cities and neighbourhoods are experiencing a greater emergence of vulnerable populations. This is in part explained by the change in the food production and manufacturing, the retraction in economic climates, the increase in food price, and in some regions reduced food availability and access.Vulnerable groups include but are not limited to migrant populations, Indigenous people, elderly, pregnant women, those with disability, homeless, young children and youth. Poor nutrition at significant periods of growth and development and during life impact long term health outcomes increasing non-communicable disease prevalence, health cost and reducing economic productivity.
Communities In Action
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2017-04-27
Communities In Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-27 with Medical categories.
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Vulnerability And Household Welfare In Vietnam
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Author : Tat Thang Vo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Vulnerability And Household Welfare In Vietnam written by Tat Thang Vo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
This thesis contains three studies which provide a complete set of vulnerability assessments in Vietnam. The first study in the thesis estimates the extent of vulnerability and analyses who the vulnerable are. In addition, this study investigates the link between dynamic poverty and vulnerability, something which has rarely been done. To do this, the most common definition of vulnerability as 'Vulnerability as Expected Poverty' (VEP) is used, along with a data set extracted from three consecutive surveys from 2002 to 2006. The results reveal that, (i) vulnerability estimated using the reference line is more appropriate than when estimated using the actual poverty line for poverty prediction in the case of Vietnam; (ii) ex ante vulnerability in previous periods might translate to ex post poverty in the following periods though both vulnerability and the incidence of poverty tend to fall over time; (iii) the vulnerability of the poor may trap them in poverty; and (iv) the vulnerability of the non-poor could propel them into poverty. The second study investigates sources of household vulnerability and responses to risks in rural Vietnam using data from Vietnam Access to Resources Household Surveys (VARHS). Vulnerability as low utility measure (VEU) is employed to estimate and distinguish the sources of vulnerability. Next the household's behavior to cope with shocks is analyzed; and finally the effectiveness of the insurance mechanism is evaluated. The main findings are that: (i) the utility of the average household is 71 per cent less than the hypothetical situation without any risk or inequality in consumption, and idiosyncratic shocks contribute 50 per cent of the loss; (ii) households depend heavily on informal coping strategies such as food consumption reduction, savings withdrawal, taking children out of school, or capital depletion. The opportunity to borrow money from formal institutions is limited, while subsidies from the government or NGOs are available only in cases of natural disaster; and (iii) household consumption and income exhibit highly correlated variation, implying that existing informal insurance instruments are less effective than expected. The third study provides new evidence on the impact of health insurance coverage on household vulnerability using Vietnam Access to Resources Household Surveys (VARHS) undertaken during 2010-2012. The outcomes of interest are the probability of falling into poverty (VEP) and the magnitude of utility loss (VEU). Since the data set is not from an intervention program, the propensity score- matching method is employed to construct treatment and control groups. Risk aversion is calculated and used as an important explanatory variable for health insurance enrollment. The implications of the study suggest actions for the government to attain its goal of universal health insurance coverage. The estimates show that health insurance coverage helps rural households in Vietnam reduce the idiosyncratic component of utility loss by 81 per cent and has the added benefit of reducing the probability of being poor by about 19 per cent. The reverse effect of the risk aversion on health insurance enrollment implies that not only is there a potential 'rigidity' effect on health insurance demand, but also that there are deficiencies in health insurance market.
Lsms Working Paper
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Author : Victor Lavy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Lsms Working Paper written by Victor Lavy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Developing countries categories.
This study estimates the incidence, characteristics, and patterns of change over time of illiteracy in Morocco. The study compares the results from direct literacy assessment to the conventional methods of self-reported literacy. This effort has provided more detailed, objective information with which patterns of literacy skills in the country may be determined, and their relationship to other important social and economic behaviors and outcomes analyzed. It also examines more closely the reliability and validity of common proxy indicators used to estimate literacy rates and skill levels. Results show that Morocco has been able to halve its literacy rate during the last 30 years; however, large disparities remain between men and women and between urban and rural areas. Implications for methods of measuring literacy and for formulating policy to increase literacy are discussed. (EH)
Power In Vulnerability
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Author : Nicolas Fromm
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-10-22
Power In Vulnerability written by Nicolas Fromm and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-22 with Political Science categories.
With this volume, the editors propose a multi-dimensional and critical review of migrants’ vulnerabilities. They argue that a deeper understanding of vulnerability is paramount to discuss empowerment and resilience. Regardless of their motivations, migrants can face vulnerabilities at any of the stages of their journey. These vulnerabilities may change over time for better or worse, corresponding with a person’s legal status, migratory path and the practices of migration regulation. This book addresses vulnerability from an interdisciplinary and intersectional perspective. It brings together latest academic research and practitioners’ insights to help reception societies adapt and improve their dealing with migrants’ vulnerabilities.
Nutrition Among Vulnerable Populations
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Author : Heather Eicher-Miller
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-11-27
Nutrition Among Vulnerable Populations written by Heather Eicher-Miller and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-27 with Medical categories.
Food insecurity and low resources continue to be a burden influencing the health, well-being, growth, and development of millions of U.S. children and adults. Groups and individuals experiencing restrained access to food are our neighbors, individuals we may see each day, and individuals who we may not interact with or see because of their isolated situations. They include the elderly, those experiencing mental illness, veterans, certain race/ethnic groups, adolescents, young women with children, those living in rural areas, and those using food pantries, among others. Many of these groups, both hidden and visible, have rates of food insecurity above the national average that are resistant to national improvements in food security. Yet, attention to these subsets of the population is imperative to improve U.S. health and nutrition and to reduce rates of chronic disease. Many groups face specific barriers to maintaining sufficient food, for example, rural populations may find it difficult to access federal food assistance or other resources such as food pantries and nutrition education because of distance or lack of consistent internet access separating them from these resources. Further, their remote locations may make it difficult to obtain the types of foods that they prefer. Other specific barriers may include limited facilities and equipment for food preparation, access to culturally appropriate foods and preparation supplies, and foods that complement the foods that they already have. Tailored approaches to quantify access to food, the nutrition environment, dietary intake, and other barriers are necessary to build successful interventions and to quantify the needs of these populations.