Walk For Thought

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Walking

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :

Walking written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.

Walk For Thought

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Author : Marily Ann Oppezzo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Walk For Thought written by Marily Ann Oppezzo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

Abstract Early research often took creativity as an individual trait tied to personality and cognitive abilities. The practical goal was to identify creative people. More recently, research has begun to examine how training and social arrangements may improve creativity. In this case, the practical goal is to develop interventions and social architectures that foster creativity. The current research takes a different approach. It examines whether it is possible to temporarily improve creativity through simple actions. The goal is to develop simple prescriptions that can help anyone be more creative when needed. The simple prescription is to take a walk outside. One widely adopted definition of creativity is that it involves the production of appropriate novelty. Creative ideas are not only unusual compared to the backdrop of other average ideas, they are also appropriate to the context or topic. The achievement of creativity, both in small, everyday moments and on a grand scale, has many facets and processes. One key component of creativity is the initial generation of appropriate novel ideas, which may be subsequently refined and built upon. The current research adapts two widely accepted creativity tasks that focus on this aspect of creativity. Guilford's Alternate Uses asks people to generate ways to use objects that differ from their original intended use. It is a measure of flexibility and divergent thinking. Barron's Symbolic Equivalence Test asks people to generate analogies to base prompts. It is a measure of structured ideation and originality. In both cases, people receive a set of prompts, and they produce multiple ideas within a fixed time period. The current research employs multiple studies to examine the effects of two simple factors on each of the creativity tests. One factor is walking. No prior research has examined whether creativity increases while people are walking. The research on exercise physiology has found a variety of cognitive and emotional effects associated with different levels of exercise. Walking has a different set of effects compared to aerobic exercise. The effects can be further differentiated by whether they are measured during exercise or after. Most research on walking has found that it can compete with some cognitive tasks, which implies that it draws upon common resources. Some of these studies use cognitive tasks that require a high degree of concentration. Creativity, however, may depend on freeing oneself from an over-focus on one set of ideas. Exercise is known to improve mood and decrease rumination, which may further free people to generate novel ideas. The second factor is the dynamic flow of outdoor stimulation. For intense concentration that draws heavily upon working memory, a non-stimulating environment may be optimal, because it does not lead to distraction. Generating initial ideas, however, may be better served by an environment of moderately changing stimulation that can spark new trains of thought. Several studies have also shown that the outdoors can have a restorative effect and elevate mood, which in turn may lead people towards more open ideation. The current research examines whether moving through an outdoor space influences creative ideation. The studies do not isolate the benefits of moving outside from sitting outside or moving through a diverse-stimuli indoor space such as a shopping mall. Instead they make an initial demonstration that moving through the outdoors can improve creativity. Three studies compared self-propelled movement versus sitting. Two of the studies also compared moving through the outdoors versus sitting in an indoor space. Across the studies, the double main effects of (a) walking and (b) moving through an outdoor space where replicated, once with the Alternate Uses Test and once with the Symbolic Equivalence Test. The studies also provided a hint that walking through the outdoors has a synergistic effect that exceeds the effect of both factors added together. Experiment 1 compared adults who sat inside versus walked outside while completing an oral administration of the Alternate Uses test. Each participant completed two sessions. Half of the participants completed the first session sitting indoors, while the other half completed the first session walking outdoors. Then, half of each group switched contexts. This created the four possible combinations of In-In, In-Out, Out-In, and Out-Out. When people walked outside, they generated significantly more appropriate and novel responses. Moreover, those participants who sat inside after walking outdoors continued to exhibit a high level of creativity, which suggests a residue of physical activity. Additionally, when walking outside, all participants generated significantly more uses involving the outdoor context, which were also more novel within the complete set of participant responses. This indicates that the outdoor stimulation had a direct effect on their creative output. Experiment 2 replicated the effect with Barron's Symbolic Equivalence test, which was adapted to an oral administration amenable to walking. In this study, participants completed one of four conditions while generating symbolic equivalents: sit inside, walk on a treadmill inside, being wheeled outside in a wheel chair, or walk outside. This design separated self-propelled movement from a moving, outdoor context. As in Experiment 1, walking had a main effect. It led to more novel, well-structured ideas, indoors or out. There was also a main effect of outdoor movement on the novelty of the analogies, and as before, people outside generated more analogies that referenced outdoor content. Experiment 3 returned to the Alternate Uses to test whether walking has a main effect independent of the outdoor context. People either walked on a treadmill indoors or they sat indoors while completing the task. The study also enlisted participants drawn from a community college, whereas the prior studies enlisted participants from a highly selective private university. Thus, this experiment tested the generalization of walking found in Experiment 2 using a different population and a different measure of creativity. Participants who walked on the treadmill produced more appropriate uses. Additionally, participants who walked on the treadmill and then sat down in the same room to complete the second half of the Alternate Uses test showed strong positive residual effects as in Experiment 1. The finding that walking and flowing outdoor stimulation improve creativity independently and jointly contributes to several literatures. It is a first demonstration for the creativity literature, and it is a first demonstration relevant to the exercise literature concerned with cognitive outcomes. It is also relevant to education. Many people hope that education can improve people's creativity. The results demonstrate a simple way that education can help do this. Teach people that if they walk outside, it will help them be more creative. They will generate more novel ideas, and those ideas will be better structured than if they simply sit inside.

A Philosophy Of Walking

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Author : Frédéric Gros
language : en
Publisher: Verso Books
Release Date : 2023-07-11

A Philosophy Of Walking written by Frédéric Gros and has been published by Verso Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-11 with Philosophy categories.

This “passionate affirmation of the simple life” explores how walking has influenced history’s greatest thinkers—from Henry David Thoreau and John Muir to Gandhi and Nietzsche (Observer) “It is only ideas gained from walking that have any worth.” —Nietzsche In this French bestseller, leading thinker and philosopher Frédéric Gros charts the many different ways we get from A to B—the pilgrimage, the promenade, the protest march, the nature ramble—and reveals what they say about us. Gros draws attention to other thinkers who also saw walking as something central to their practice. On his travels he ponders Thoreau’s eager seclusion in Walden Woods; the reason Rimbaud walked in a fury, while Nerval rambled to cure his melancholy. He shows us how Rousseau walked in order to think, while Nietzsche wandered the mountainside to write. In contrast, Kant marched through his hometown every day, exactly at the same hour, to escape the compulsion of thought. Brilliant and erudite, A Philosophy of Walking is an entertaining and insightful manifesto for putting one foot in front of the other.

Oceans Of Thoughts Book One

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Author : Rosalind Severin McClean
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023-08-12

Oceans Of Thoughts Book One written by Rosalind Severin McClean and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-12 with Poetry categories.

Well known for her thought provoking and expressive poetry, this writer continues to shine with her play on words and expressive language that will evoke profound emotions from her readers. She reaches the core by masterfully enhancing all senses while bringing her story to life. This author has always kept the culture of her beautiful homeland island alive through her extensive career in the arts; dance and music which she uses to captivate all the colors. Whether dark and gloomy or vibrant and celebratory - you feel it. She connects with her readers by addressing real world dilemmas, including loss, growing up in the Caribbean, family struggles and so much more. Her work is touched by a gentle element of surprise; raw emotion kissed by an eloquence of style. This book is a must read for all generations!

In Praise Of Walking

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Author : Shane O'Mara
language : en
Publisher: Random House
Release Date : 2019-08-01

In Praise Of Walking written by Shane O'Mara and has been published by Random House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-01 with Science categories.

'Informative and persuasive enough to rouse the most ardent couch pototo' New Scientist Walking upright on two feet is a uniquely human skill. It defines us as a species. It enabled us to walk out of Africa and to spread as far as Alaska and Australia. It freed our hands and freed our minds. We put one foot in front of the other without thinking - yet how many of us know how we do that, or appreciate the advantages it gives us? In this hymn to walking, neuroscientist Shane O'Mara invites us to marvel at the benefits it confers on our bodies and minds, and urges us to appreciate - and exercise - our miraculous ability. Take this mindful approach to walking into the new year. 'Will leave you itching to go out for a good old-fashioned stroll' Mail on Sunday *A Sunday Independent Book of the Week*

Do Walk

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Author : Libby DeLana
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-06-03

Do Walk written by Libby DeLana and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-03 with categories.

One morning in 2011, Libby DeLana stepped outside her New England home for a walk. She did the same thing the next day, and the next. It became a daily habit that has culminated in her walking over 25,000 miles - the equivalent of the earth's circumference. In Do Walk, Libby shares the transformative nature of this simple yet powerful practice. She reveals how walking each day provides the time and space to reconnect with the world around us; process thoughts; improve our physical wellbeing; and unlock creativity. It is the ultimate navigational tool that helps us to see who we are - beyond titles and labels, and where we want to go. With stunning photography, this inspiring and reflective guide is an invitation to step outside, and see where the path takes us.

Overcoming Depression And Low Mood

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Author : Chris Williams
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-07-27

Overcoming Depression And Low Mood written by Chris Williams and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-27 with Medical categories.

Depression affects many people at some point in their lives. Fortunately, we now know that by changing certain thoughts and behaviour patterns you can greatly improve how you feel. Overcoming Depression and Low Mood: A Five Areas Approach explains how low mood can affect your life. It helps you understand why you sometimes feel low, anxious, angry, or guilty. It also teaches proven practical skills to help you change how you feel. By using the clearly described practical tools inside, you can make helpful changes to your life. Ultimately, the hope is that this book will help you to regain a sense of control over how you feel. The book is based on a cognitive behavioural therapy approach. The developers of this approach found many effective ways of tackling common symptoms and problems people face when feeling low. The course can make a big difference if you can commit to using it. Having someone else to encourage you is also important. Interactive questions and worksheets, which are a key feature of the series, are plentiful in this new edition. An award-winning companion website, www.livinglifetothefull.com, includes additional support materials and information.

The Word

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1912

The Word written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1912 with categories.

Walk In A Relaxed Manner

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Author : Joyce Rupp
language : en
Publisher: Orbis Books
Release Date : 2011-12-06

Walk In A Relaxed Manner written by Joyce Rupp and has been published by Orbis Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-06 with Religion categories.

Experience the powerful prose and poetry of Joyce Rupp with the beautiful full-color art of Mary Southard.

Happy Thoughts

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Author : Sir Francis Cowley Burnand
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1873

Happy Thoughts written by Sir Francis Cowley Burnand and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1873 with categories.