War And Algorithm
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War And Algorithm
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Author : Max Liljefors
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2019-10-11
War And Algorithm written by Max Liljefors and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-11 with Social Science categories.
New military technologies are animated by fantasies of perfect knowledge, lawfulness, and vision that contrast sharply with the very real limits of human understanding, law, and vision. Thus, various kinds of violent acts are proliferating while their precise nature remains unclear. Especially man–machine ensembles, guided by algorithms, are operating in ways that challenge conceptual understanding. War and Algorithm looks at the increasing power of algorithms in these emerging forms of warfare from the perspectives of critical theory, philosophy, legal studies, and visual studies. The contributions in this volume grapple with the challenges posed by algorithmic warfare and trace the roots of new forms of war in the technological practices and forms of representation of the digital age. Together, these contributions provide a first step toward understanding—and resisting—our emerging world of war.
The War Algorithm
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Author : Todd M. Martin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
The War Algorithm written by Todd M. Martin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Chemical engineering categories.
Proto Algorithmic War
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Author : Stefka Hristova
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-07-16
Proto Algorithmic War written by Stefka Hristova and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-16 with Social Science categories.
During the Iraq War, American soldiers were sent to both fight an enemy and to recover a “failed state” in pixelated camouflage uniforms, accompanied by robots, and armed with satellite maps and biometric hand-held scanners. The Iraq War, however, was no digital game: massive-scale physical death and destruction counter the vision of a clean replayable war. The military policy of the United States, and not the actual experience of war, has been rooted in the logic of digital, and nascent algorithmic technology. This logic attempted to reduce culture, society, as well as the physical body and environment into visual data that lacks cultural and historical context. This book details the emergence of a nascent algorithmic war culture in the context of the Iraq War (2003-2010) in relation to the data-driven early 20th century British Mandate for Iraq. Through a series of five inquiries into the ways in which the Iraq War attempted to and often failed to see population and territory as digital and further proto-algorithmic entities, it offers an insight into the digitization and further unmanned automaton of war. It does so through a comparative historical framework reaching back to the quantification techniques harnessed during the British Mandate for Iraq (1918-1932) in order to explicate the parallels and complicated the diversions between the numerical logics that have driven both military state-building enterprises.
Algorithmic Warfare
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Algorithmic Warfare written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Introduction We live in a time of rapid disruptive technological change impacting all aspects of our lives and societies. This is particularly evident in the field of information technology (IT) where the defence domain is trying hard to keep up with the ongoing remarkable developments in the commercial realm. This is a sharp difference to 30 years ago during the Cold War when the military led technological development, took a calculated approach to such change and carefully managed disruptions. The latest disruptive technologies emerging from the commercial realm that concern defence include advanced computing, 'big data' analytics, artificial intelligence (AI), autonomy and robotics. In this, the 2018 US National Defense Strategy reflects much contemporary strategic thinking in declaring that: "The drive to develop [these] new technologies is relentless, expanding to more actors with lower barriers of entry, and moving at accelerating speed...." The tone is worried as these are "the very technologies" determined necessary to "be able to fight and win the wars of the future." The five 'technologies' noted in the preceding paragraph are not strictly comparable. Some are technologies but some are capabilities that other technologies might give future warfighters. Indeed, certain capabilities, like autonomy, are already operational and have been for decades. This conflation of technologies and military capabilities tends to hinder current defence debates not sharpen them. The new term, 'algorithm warfare', may instead be more useful in describing and discussing the latest technology-pushed warfighting concepts. Algorithms are the sequence of instructions and rules that machines use to solve problems. They transform inputs to outputs and as such are the crucial conceptual and technical foundation stone of modern IT and the new intelligent machines. Algorithms may also become the conceptual and technical foundation stone of future warfighting. The term's present use emanates from the US DoD's Project Maven. This project aims to use AI systems trained using advanced computing techniques to autonomously analyse big data. Immediately apparent is that this undertaking results from integrating several differing technologies and functions. Maven's success depends on the performance of the algorithms used. Regardless of the terminology used, the practical impact of intelligent machines on our established force structures and warfighting is uncertain. Will algorithm warfare mean that we can do things better or, in contrast, that we can do better things? Will our current warfighting styles simply evolve or instead be revolutionised by incorporating intelligent machines? Will intelligent machines transform our current force structure models? This paper explores such questions and more. Chapter 2 delves into the technical basis of algorithm warfare, focusing on machines that learn and have emergent properties; these machines are intrinsically quite different to our current programmable machines. Chapter 3 looks at the practical matters that shape algorithm warfare implementation and the apparent, perhaps unexpected importance of the human-machine interface to winning wars. Chapter 4 examines algorithm warfare to discuss both how this might enhance our current warfighting concepts and conversely how it might radically transform them. Algorithm warfare may replace our current network-centric warfare concepts. Chapter 5 looks at Chinese and Russian thinking; both are using unique applications of algorithm warfare for domestic societal management and disruption. Chapter 6 considers ethics and pertinent law of armed conflict issues. Importantly, this paper tries to stay practically focused on the application of emerging and probable intelligent machine technologies to warfighting. For commercial reasons as much as anything, fictional books and movies remain fascinated by the notions of robot soldiers fighting a final battle against the human race. The technologies involved in those forums remain distant, as this paper will persuade you. However, while Terminator cyborgs and Cyberdyne's Skynet are imaginary, today's smart-phone and internet search engines already use intelligent machine technologies, the Chinese Government's Skynet intelligent surveillance system is operational and Project Maven will deliver its AI-powered analysis system to the USAF later this year. Intelligent machines have arrived. Algorithm warfare is now very real and demands deep professional consideration.
Army Of None Autonomous Weapons And The Future Of War
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Author : Paul Scharre
language : en
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Release Date : 2018-04-24
Army Of None Autonomous Weapons And The Future Of War written by Paul Scharre and has been published by W. W. Norton & Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-24 with History categories.
"The book I had been waiting for. I can't recommend it highly enough." —Bill Gates The era of autonomous weapons has arrived. Today around the globe, at least thirty nations have weapons that can search for and destroy enemy targets all on their own. Paul Scharre, a leading expert in next-generation warfare, describes these and other high tech weapons systems—from Israel’s Harpy drone to the American submarine-hunting robot ship Sea Hunter—and examines the legal and ethical issues surrounding their use. “A smart primer to what’s to come in warfare” (Bruce Schneier), Army of None engages military history, global policy, and cutting-edge science to explore the implications of giving weapons the freedom to make life and death decisions. A former soldier himself, Scharre argues that we must embrace technology where it can make war more precise and humane, but when the choice is life or death, there is no replacement for the human heart.
The Ethical Algorithm
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Author : Michael Kearns
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-10-04
The Ethical Algorithm written by Michael Kearns and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-04 with Computers categories.
Over the course of a generation, algorithms have gone from mathematical abstractions to powerful mediators of daily life. Algorithms have made our lives more efficient, more entertaining, and, sometimes, better informed. At the same time, complex algorithms are increasingly violating the basic rights of individual citizens. Allegedly anonymized datasets routinely leak our most sensitive personal information; statistical models for everything from mortgages to college admissions reflect racial and gender bias. Meanwhile, users manipulate algorithms to "game" search engines, spam filters, online reviewing services, and navigation apps. Understanding and improving the science behind the algorithms that run our lives is rapidly becoming one of the most pressing issues of this century. Traditional fixes, such as laws, regulations and watchdog groups, have proven woefully inadequate. Reporting from the cutting edge of scientific research, The Ethical Algorithm offers a new approach: a set of principled solutions based on the emerging and exciting science of socially aware algorithm design. Michael Kearns and Aaron Roth explain how we can better embed human principles into machine code - without halting the advance of data-driven scientific exploration. Weaving together innovative research with stories of citizens, scientists, and activists on the front lines, The Ethical Algorithm offers a compelling vision for a future, one in which we can better protect humans from the unintended impacts of algorithms while continuing to inspire wondrous advances in technology.
Metaheuristics Outlines Matlab Codes And Examples
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Author : Ali Kaveh
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-03-29
Metaheuristics Outlines Matlab Codes And Examples written by Ali Kaveh and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The book presents eight well-known and often used algorithms besides nine newly developed algorithms by the first author and his students in a practical implementation framework. Matlab codes and some benchmark structural optimization problems are provided. The aim is to provide an efficient context for experienced researchers or readers not familiar with theory, applications and computational developments of the considered metaheuristics. The information will also be of interest to readers interested in application of metaheuristics for hard optimization, comparing conceptually different metaheuristics and designing new metaheuristics.
Algorithms Of Armageddon
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Author : George Galdorisi
language : en
Publisher: Naval Institute Press
Release Date : 2024-03-12
Algorithms Of Armageddon written by George Galdorisi and has been published by Naval Institute Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-12 with Political Science categories.
It is unclear if U.S. policy makers and military leaders fully realize that we have already been thrust into an artificial intelligence (AI) race with authoritarian powers. Today, the United States’ peer adversaries—China and Russia—have made clear their intentions to make major investments in AI and insert this technology into their military systems, sensors and weapons. Their goal is to gain an asymmetric advantage over the U.S. military. The implications for our national security are many and complex. Algorithms of Armageddon examines this most pressing security issue in a clear, insightful delivery by two experts. Authors George Galdorisi and Sam J. Tangredi are national security professionals who deal with AI on a day-to-day basis in their work in both the technical and policy arenas. Opening chapters explain the fundamentals of what constitutes big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. They investigate the convergence of AI with other technologies and how these systems will interact with humans. Critical to the issue is the manner by which AI is being developed and utilized by Russia and China. The central chapters of the work address the weaponizing of AI through interaction with other technologies, man-machine teaming, and autonomous weapons systems. The authors cover in depth debates surrounding the AI “genie out of the bottle” controversy, AI arms races, and the resulting impact on policy and the laws of war. Given that global powers are leading large-scale development of AI, it is likely that use of this technology will be global in extent. Will AI-enabled military weapons systems lead to full-scale global war? Can such a conflict be avoided? The later chapters of the work explore these questions, point to the possibility of humans failing to control military AI applications, and conclude that the dangers for the United States are real. Neither a protest against AI, nor a speculative work on how AI could replace humans, Algorithms of Armageddon provides a time-critical understanding of why AI is being implemented through state weaponization, the realities for the global power balance, and more importantly, U.S. national security. Galdorisi and Tangredi propose a national dialogue that focuses on the need for U.S. military to have access to the latest AI-enabled technology in order to provide security and prosperity to the American people.
War Virtually
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Author : Roberto J. González
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2024-04-23
War Virtually written by Roberto J. González and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-23 with History categories.
A critical look at how the US military is weaponizing technology and data for new kinds of warfare—and why we must resist. War Virtually is the story of how scientists, programmers, and engineers are racing to develop data-driven technologies for fighting virtual wars, both at home and abroad. In this landmark book, Roberto J. González gives us a lucid and gripping account of what lies behind the autonomous weapons, robotic systems, predictive modeling software, advanced surveillance programs, and psyops techniques that are transforming the nature of military conflict. González, a cultural anthropologist, takes a critical approach to the techno-utopian view of these advancements and their dubious promise of a less deadly and more efficient warfare. With clear, accessible prose, this book exposes the high-tech underpinnings of contemporary military operations—and the cultural assumptions they're built on. Chapters cover automated battlefield robotics; social scientists' involvement in experimental defense research; the blurred line between political consulting and propaganda in the internet era; and the military's use of big data to craft new counterinsurgency methods based on predicting conflict. González also lays bare the processes by which the Pentagon and US intelligence agencies have quietly joined forces with Big Tech, raising an alarming prospect: that someday Google, Amazon, and other Silicon Valley firms might merge with some of the world's biggest defense contractors. War Virtually takes an unflinching look at an algorithmic future—where new military technologies threaten democratic governance and human survival.
Artificial War
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Author : Andrew Ilachinski
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2004
Artificial War written by Andrew Ilachinski and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with History categories.
Military conflicts, particularly land combat, possess thecharacteristics of complex adaptive systems: combat forces arecomposed of a large number of nonlinearly interacting parts and areorganized in a dynamic command-and-control network; local action, which often appears disordered, self-organizes into long-range order;military conflicts, by their nature, proceed far from equilibrium;military forces adapt to a changing combat environment; and there isno master voice that dictates the actions of every soldier (i
