War Revenue And State Building
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War Revenue And State Building
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Author : Sheldon Pollack
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2011-03-15
War Revenue And State Building written by Sheldon Pollack and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-15 with History categories.
In a relatively short time, the American state developed from a weak, highly decentralized confederation composed of thirteen former English colonies into the foremost global superpower. This remarkable institutional transformation would not have been possible without the revenue raised by a particularly efficient system of public finance, first crafted during the Civil War and then resurrected and perfected in the early twentieth century. That revenue financed America's participation in two global wars as well as the building of a modern system of social welfare programs.Sheldon D. Pollack shows how war, revenue, and institutional development are inextricably linked, no less in the United States than in Europe and in the developing states of the Third World. He delineates the mechanisms of political development and reveals to us the ways in which the United States, too, once was and still may be a "developing nation." Without revenue, states cannot maintain political institutions, undergo development, or exert sovereignty over their territory. Rulers and their functionaries wield the coercive powers of the state to extract that revenue from the population under their control. From this perspective, the state is seen as a highly efficient machine for extracting societal revenue that is used by the state to sustain itself.War, Revenue, and State Building traces the sources of public revenue available to the American state at specific junctures of its history (in particular, during times of war), the revenue strategies pursued by its political leaders in response to these factors, and the consequential impact of those strategies on the development of the American state.
War And State Building In The Middle East
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Author : Rolf Schwarz
language : en
Publisher: Governance and International R
Release Date : 2013-04-15
War And State Building In The Middle East written by Rolf Schwarz and has been published by Governance and International R this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-15 with History categories.
"This comparative volume explores the dramatic pathways of political development undertaken by rentier regimes in the Arab world. Here, waging war proved to weaken rather than strengthen state capacity in pernicious ways--an insight that contrasts sharply with received Western wisdom about war being the crucible of modern state building."--Sean L. Yom, Temple University "An important contribution to the literature on state building in the Middle East."--Gawdat Bahgat, author of Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in the Middle East War and State Building in the Middle East addresses the strengths and weaknesses of the authoritarian-regime governments commonly found in the Middle East, particularly among oil-rich countries. In this region, war has interacted with processes of state making in ways that fundamentally differ from the European experience. In short, unlike in Europe, wars do not make states in the Middle East; they destroy them. According to economic theory, most oil-rich countries are rentier states; that is, they rely upon the extraction of a natural resource to generate revenue and authority for the central government. As a result, there is little reliance upon domestic taxation and a general lack of political accountability and transparency. By examining how such governments wage war, Rolf Schwarz turns the prevailing wisdom of modern state building on its head. He closely analyzes the real-world experiences of the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, and Iraq to show how rentierism leads to internal weaknesses when it comes to governing. His comparative approach allows him to demonstrate how varying levels of reliance upon external resource rents are reflected in the structure of the regime. By highlighting the perils of funding wars through the sale of natural resources, fighting with imported weaponry, and accepting peace settlements negotiated and guaranteed by foreign powers, Schwarz offers provocative insights into post-conflict peace building, state failure, and the potential for democratic rule in the region. Rolf Schwarz is professor at the NATO Defense College in Rome.
Political Economy Of Statebuilding
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Author : Mats Berdal
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-05-07
Political Economy Of Statebuilding written by Mats Berdal and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-07 with Political Science categories.
This volume examines and evaluates the impact of international statebuilding interventions on the political economy of conflict-affected countries over the past 20 years. It focuses on countries that are emerging, or have recently emerged, from periods of war and protracted conflict. The interventions covered fall into three broad categories: international administrations and transformative occupations (East Timor, Iraq, and Kosovo); complex peace operations (Afghanistan, Burundi, Haiti, and Sudan); governance and statebuilding programmes conducted in the context of economic assistance (Georgia and Macedonia). This book will be of interest to students of statebuilding, humanitarian intervention, post-conflict reconstruction, political economy, international organisations and IR/Security Studies in general.
Taxation And State Building In Developing Countries
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Author : Deborah Brautigam
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2008-01-10
Taxation And State Building In Developing Countries written by Deborah Brautigam and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-10 with Political Science categories.
There is a widespread concern that, in some parts of the world, governments are unable to exercise effective authority. When governments fail, more sinister forces thrive: warlords, arms smugglers, narcotics enterprises, kidnap gangs, terrorist networks, armed militias. Why do governments fail? This book explores an old idea that has returned to prominence: that authority, effectiveness, accountability and responsiveness is closely related to the ways in which governments are financed. It matters that governments tax their citizens rather than live from oil revenues and foreign aid, and it matters how they tax them. Taxation stimulates demands for representation, and an effective revenue authority is the central pillar of state capacity. Using case studies from Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America, this book presents and evaluates these arguments, updates theories derived from European history in the light of conditions in contemporary poorer countries, and draws conclusions for policy-makers.
Making Enemies
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Author : Mary Patricia Callahan
language : en
Publisher: NUS Press
Release Date : 2004
Making Enemies written by Mary Patricia Callahan and has been published by NUS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Burma categories.
Sets out to explain the extraordinary durability of the Burmese military regime by examining the history of relations between the junta and society in Burma. The authors unparalleled access to the military and its leaders allows her to correct existing explanations of Burmese authoritarianism and to supply new informationabout the coups of 1958 and 1962.
Does War Make States
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Author : Lars Bo Kaspersen
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-03-02
Does War Make States written by Lars Bo Kaspersen and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-02 with History categories.
This engaging volume scrutinises the causal relationship between warfare and state formation, using Charles Tilly's work as a foundation.
Aid Paradoxes In Afghanistan
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Author : Nematullah Bizhan
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-08-14
Aid Paradoxes In Afghanistan written by Nematullah Bizhan and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-14 with Business & Economics categories.
The relationship between aid and state building is highly complex and the effects of aid on weak states depend on donors’ interests, aid modalities and the recipient’s pre-existing institutional and socio-political conditions. This book argues that, in the case of Afghanistan, the country inherited conditions that were not favourable for effective state building. Although some of the problems that emerged in the post-2001 state building process were predictable, the types of interventions that occurred—including an aid architecture which largely bypassed the state, the subordination of state building to the war on terror, and the short horizon policy choices of donors and the Afghan government—reduced the effectiveness of the aid and undermined effective state building. By examining how foreign aid affected state building in Afghanistan since the US militarily intervened in Afghanistan in late 2001 until the end of President Hamid Karzai’s first term in 2009, this book reveals the dynamic and complex relations between the Afghan government and foreign donors in their efforts to rebuild state institutions. The work explores three key areas: how donors supported government reforms to improve the taxation system, how government reorganized the state’s fiscal management system, and how aid dependency and aid distribution outside the government budget affected interactions between state and society. Given that external revenue in the form of tribute, subsidies and aid has shaped the characteristics of the state in Afghanistan since the mid-eighteenth century, this book situates state building in a historical context. This book will be invaluable for practitioners and anyone studying political economy, state building, international development and the politics of foreign aid.
Governing For Revolution
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Author : Megan Stewart
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-03-18
Governing For Revolution written by Megan Stewart and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-18 with Political Science categories.
For some rebel groups, governance is not always part of a military strategy but a necessary element of realizing revolution through civil war.
When There Was No Aid
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Author : Sarah Phillips
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
When There Was No Aid written by Sarah Phillips and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with HISTORY categories.
"This book explores how popular discourses about war, peace, and international intervention structure the conditions of possibility to such a degree that even the inability of institutions to provide reliable security can stabilize a prolonged period of peace. It argues that Somaliland's post-conflict peace is grounded less in the constraining power of its institutions than in a powerful discourse about the country's structural, temporal, and physical proximity to war"--
Distant Tyranny
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Author : Regina Grafe
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2012-01-08
Distant Tyranny written by Regina Grafe and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Spain's development from a premodern society into a modern unified nation-state with an integrated economy was painfully slow and varied widely by region. Economic historians have long argued that high internal transportation costs limited domestic market integration, while at the same time the Castilian capital city of Madrid drew resources from surrounding Spanish regions as it pursued its quest for centralization. According to this view, powerful Madrid thwarted trade over large geographic distances by destroying an integrated network of manufacturing towns in the Spanish interior. Challenging this long-held view, Regina Grafe argues that decentralization, not a strong and powerful Madrid, is to blame for Spain's slow march to modernity. Through a groundbreaking analysis of the market for bacalao--dried and salted codfish that was a transatlantic commodity and staple food during this period--Grafe shows how peripheral historic territories and powerful interior towns obstructed Spain's economic development through jurisdictional obstacles to trade, which exacerbated already high transport costs. She reveals how the early phases of globalization made these regions much more externally focused, and how coastal elites that were engaged in trade outside Spain sought to sustain their positions of power in relation to Madrid. Distant Tyranny offers a needed reassessment of the haphazard and regionally diverse process of state formation and market integration in early modern Spain, showing how local and regional agency paradoxically led to legitimate governance but economic backwardness.