Was Huck Black
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Was Huck Black
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Author : Shelley Fisher Fishkin
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1994-05-05
Was Huck Black written by Shelley Fisher Fishkin and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-05-05 with Literary Criticism categories.
Published in 1884, Huck Finn has become one of the most widely taught novels in American curricula. But where did Huckleberry Finn come from, and what made it so distinctive? Shelley Fisher Fishkin suggests that in Huckleberry Finn, more than in any other work, Mark Twain let African-American voices, language, and rhetorical traditions play a major role in the creation of his art. In Was Huck Black?, Fishkin combines close readings of published and unpublished writing by Twain with intensive biographical and historical research and insights gleaned from linguistics, literary theory, and folklore to shed new light on the role African-American speech played in the genesis of Huckleberry Finn. Given that book's importance in American culture, her analysis illuminates, as well, how the voices of African-Americans have shaped our sense of what is distinctively "American" about American literature. Fishkin shows that Mark Twain was surrounded, throughout his life, by richly talented African-American speakers whose rhetorical gifts Twain admired candidly and profusely. A black child named Jimmy whom Twain called "the most artless, sociable and exhaustless talker I ever came across" helped Twain understand the potential of a vernacular narrator in the years before he began writing Huckleberry Finn, and served as a model for the voice with which Twain would transform American literature. A slave named Jerry whom Twain referred to as an "impudent and satirical and delightful young black man" taught Twain about "signifying"--satire in an African-American vein--when Twain was a teenager (later Twain would recall that he thought him "the greatest man in the United States" at the time). Other African-American voices left their mark on Twain's imagination as well--but their role in the creation of his art has never been recognized. Was Huck Black? adds a new dimension to current debates over multiculturalism and the canon. American literary historians have told a largely segregated story: white writers come from white literary ancestors, black writers from black ones. The truth is more complicated and more interesting. While African-American culture shaped Huckleberry Finn, that novel, in turn, helped shape African-American writing in the twentieth century. As Ralph Ellison commented in an interview with Fishkin, Twain "made it possible for many of us to find our own voices." Was Huck Black? dramatizes the crucial role of black voices in Twain's art, and takes the first steps beyond traditional cultural boundaries to unveil an American literary heritage that is infinitely richer and more complex than we had thought.
Satire Or Evasion
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Author : James S. Leonard
language : en
Publisher: Duke University Press
Release Date : 1992
Satire Or Evasion written by James S. Leonard and has been published by Duke University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with History categories.
Ranging from the laudatory to the openly hostile, 15 essays by prominent African American scholars and critics examine the novel's racist elements and assess the degree to which Twain's ironies succeed or fail to turn those elements into a satirical attack on racism. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Black White And Huckleberry Finn
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Author : Elaine Mensh
language : en
Publisher: University Alabama Press
Release Date : 2000
Black White And Huckleberry Finn written by Elaine Mensh and has been published by University Alabama Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Literary Criticism categories.
"Black, White, and "Huckleberry Finn" shows that the argument over black-white relations in the novel is also an argument over nonfictional ones - over black images in white minds, conflicting perceptions of racial harmony, and differing interpretations of the American dream."--BOOK JACKET.
Racism In The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn
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Author : Jakob Knab
language : de
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2011
Racism In The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn written by Jakob Knab and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Amerikanistik - Literatur, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are considered as Mark Twain's masterpiece. In his work he both depicts and criticizes the society in which he grew up and what was typical of it back then: slavery, violence and bigotry (cf. Pettit 83). When Mark Twain wrote his novel "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" in 1876, the status of blacks was a very important issue in the United States (cf. Sloane 3). Mark Twain turned away from 19th century romanticism to realism. His aim was to depict "men and women as they are" (cf. Bell 36). Twain intended to write a novel in which he could portray the society in which he had grown up. This paper shall help to understand the novel's message, by introducing some biographical facts about Clemens on the one hand, and the historical context in which it was written on the other hand. Furthermore, it shows how the novel's perception, which has always been controversial, has changed over the years. My aim is to explain to the reader why Twain's best-known novel is not racist.
The Treatment Of The Race Issue In Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn
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Author : Moritz Oehl
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2005-04-25
The Treatment Of The Race Issue In Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn written by Moritz Oehl and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-04-25 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0, University of Bamberg (Lehrstuhl für Anglistik), course: Hauptseminar Mark Twain, language: English, abstract: Die Arbeit beschreibt, wie das kontroverse Thema Rassismus in Mark Twains Klassiker "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" thematisiert wird.
The N Word The Usage Of A Controversial Term In The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And Nowadays
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Author : A. Glatz
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2011-03
The N Word The Usage Of A Controversial Term In The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And Nowadays written by A. Glatz and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03 with categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject English - Literature, Works, grade: 3,0, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (Anglistik), language: English, abstract: 2 Usage of the N-Word in Huck Finn In the following section I will first examine how the N-Word was used in general in former times, then how Mark Twain used it in Huck Finn and finally why he employed it so often. Before I begin I would like to say that I am going to use the word nigger a lot of times in this paper. I do not want to insult anybody, but I have to mention it sometimes as I write about the term. I also dissociate myself from some quotations you will read on the following pages, where the word is used in an offensive way. 2.1 Former Usage of the N-Word and that in Huck Finn At the beginning, I would like to quote Thomas Jefferson, who claimed that '...their [the blacks'] existence appears to participate more of sensation than reflection' . At the time of "the Enlightenment," a human being was characterized by reason. This was underlined by the philosopher Descartes who stated "cogito ergo sum" ("I think therefore I am"). In the quote by Jefferson, the black community is considered as a people who does not think, but rather feels. It implies that blacks lack the most important feature of a human being, which is reason, and therefore cannot be considered as "human." Before the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, this argument was a very common legitimation for slavery and for the use of nigger to refer to African Americans. The term itself was, for instance, used to distinguish a white and a black person with the same first name. When you say "Nigger Jim" it is evident that you mean a black slave, and not the white Jim. In addition to that, blacks were never addressed by "Mr." or "Mrs.," but rather by their first name or by "Auntie" or "Uncle." Another interesting point is the fact that whites who supported blacks during the Civil Rights Movement were referred to as niggerlovers. In this exa
The Jim Dilemma
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Author : Jocelyn A. Chadwick
language : en
Publisher: Univ. Press of Mississippi
Release Date : 2010-01-06
The Jim Dilemma written by Jocelyn A. Chadwick and has been published by Univ. Press of Mississippi this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-06 with Literary Criticism categories.
Especially in academia, controversy rages over the merits or evils of Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, in particular its portrayal of Jim, the runaway slave. Opponents disrupt classes and carry picket signs, objecting with strong emotion that Jim is no fit model for African American youth of today. In continuing outcries, they claim that he and the dark period of American history he portrays are best forgotten. That time has gone, Jim's opponents charge. This is a new day. But is it? Dare we forget? The author of The Jim Dilemma argues that Twain's novel, in the tradition of all great literature, is invaluable for transporting readers to a time, place, and conflict essential to understanding who we are today. Without this work, she argues, there would be a hole in American history and a blank page in the history of African Americans. To avoid this work in the classroom is to miss the opportunity to remember. Few other popular books have been so much attacked, vilified, or censored. Yet Ernest Hemingway proclaimed Twain's classic to be the beginning of American literature, and Langston Hughes judged it as the only nineteenth-century work by a white author who fully and realistically depicts an unlettered slave clinging to the hope of freedom. A teacher herself, the author challenges opponents to read the novel closely. She shows how Twain has not created another Uncle Tom but rather a worthy man of integrity and self-reliance. Jim, along with other black characters in the book, demands a rethinking and a re-envisioning of the southern slave, for Huckleberry Finn, she contends, ultimately questions readers' notions of what freedom means and what it costs. As she shows that Twain portrayed Jim as nobody's fool, she focuses her discussion on both sides of the Jim dilemma and unflinchingly defends the importance of keeping the book in the classroom.
Mission High
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Author : Kristina Rizga
language : en
Publisher: Hachette UK
Release Date : 2015-08-04
Mission High written by Kristina Rizga and has been published by Hachette UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-04 with Education categories.
"This book is a godsend a moving portrait for anyone wanting to go beyond the simplified labels and metrics and really understand an urban high school, and its highly individual, resilient, eager and brilliant students and educators." -- Dave Eggers, co-founder, 826 National and ScholarMatch Darrell is a reflective, brilliant young man, who never thought of himself as a good student. He always struggled with his reading and writing skills. Darrell's father, a single parent, couldn't afford private tutors. By the end of middle school, Darrell's grades and his confidence were at an all time low. Then everything changed. When education journalist Kristina Rizga first met Darrell at Mission High School, he was taking AP calculus class, writing a ten-page research paper, and had received several college acceptance letters. And Darrell was not an exception. More than 80 percent of Mission High seniors go to college every year, even though the school teaches large numbers of English learners and students from poor families. So, why has the federal government been threatening to close Mission High -- and schools like it across the country? The United States has been on a century long road toward increased standardization in our public schools, which resulted in a system that reduces the quality of education to primarily one metric: standardized test scores. According to this number, Mission High is a "low-performing" school even though its college enrollment, graduation, attendance rates and student surveys are some of the best in the country. The qualities that matter the most in learning -- skills like critical thinking, intellectual engagement, resilience, empathy, self-management, and cultural flexibility -- can't be measured by multiple-choice questions designed by distant testing companies, Rizga argues, but they can be detected by skilled teachers in effective, personalized and humane classrooms that work for all students, not just the most motivated ones. Based on four years of reporting with unprecedented access, the unforgettable, intimate stories in these pages throw open the doors to America's most talked about -- and arguably least understood -- public school classrooms where the largely invisible voices of our smart, resilient students and their committed educators can offer a clear and hopeful blueprint for what it takes to help all students succeed.
Huck Finn S America
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Author : Andrew Levy
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 2015
Huck Finn S America written by Andrew Levy and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Examines Mark Twain's writing of Huckleberry Finn, calling into question commonly held interpretations of the work on the subjects of youth, youth culture, and race relations, based on research into the social preoccupations of the era in which it was written.
Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn
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Author : Mark Twain
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-01-23
Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-23 with categories.
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (or, in more recent editions, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) is a novel by Mark Twain, first published in the United Kingdom in December 1884 and in the United States in February 1885. Commonly named among the Great American Novels, the work is among the first in major American literature to be written throughout in vernacular English, characterized by local color regionalism. It is told in the first person by Huckleberry "Huck" Finn, the narrator of two other Twain novels (Tom Sawyer Abroad and Tom Sawyer, Detective) and a friend of Tom Sawyer. It is a direct sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.The book is noted for its colorful description of people and places along the Mississippi River. Set in a Southern antebellum society that had ceased to exist over 20 years before the work was published, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is an often scathing satire on entrenched attitudes, particularly racism.Perennially popular with readers, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has also been the continued object of study by literary critics since its publication. The book was widely criticized upon release because of its extensive use of coarse language.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn explores themes of race and identity. A complexity exists concerning Jim's character.Throughout the story, Huck is in moral conflict with the received values of the society in which he lives, and while he is unable to consciously refute those values even in his thoughts, he makes a moral choice based on his own valuation of Jim's friendship and human worth, a decision in direct opposition to the things he has been taught. Twain, in his lecture notes, proposes that "a sound heart is a surer guide than an ill-trained conscience" and goes on to describe the novel as "...a book of mine where a sound heart and a deformed conscience come into collision and conscience suffers defeat".To highlight the hypocrisy required to condone slavery within an ostensibly moral system, Twain has Huck's father enslave his son, isolate him, and beat him. When Huck escapes, he then immediately encounters Jim "illegally" doing the same thing. The treatments both of them receive are radically different, especially in an encounter with Mrs. Judith Loftus who takes pity on who she presumes to be a runaway apprentice, Huck, yet boasts about her husband sending the hounds after a runaway slave, Jim.Some scholars discuss Huck's own character, and the novel itself, in the context of its relation to African-American culture as a whole. John Alberti quotes Shelley Fisher Fishkin, who writes in her 1990s book Was Huck Black?: Mark Twain and African-American Voices, "by limiting their field of inquiry to the periphery," white scholars "have missed the ways in which African-American voices shaped Twain's creative imagination at its core." It is suggested that the character of Huckleberry Finn illustrates the correlation, and even interrelatedness, between white and black culture in the United States.