Wastewater Based Epidemiological Surveillance Of Respiratory Pathogens
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Wastewater Based Epidemiological Surveillance Of Respiratory Pathogens
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Author : David Champredon
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-12-01
Wastewater Based Epidemiological Surveillance Of Respiratory Pathogens written by David Champredon and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-01 with Medical categories.
Wastewater Based Disease Surveillance For Public Health Action
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Author : National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2023-10-19
Wastewater Based Disease Surveillance For Public Health Action written by National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-19 with Medical categories.
The COVID-19 pandemic spurred a rapid expansion of wastewater-based infectious disease surveillance systems to monitor and anticipate disease trends in communities.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched the National Wastewater Surveillance System in September 2020 to help coordinate and build upon those efforts. Produced at the request of CDC, this report reviews the usefulness of community-level wastewater surveillance during the pandemic and assesses its potential value for control and prevention of infectious diseases beyond COVID-19. Wastewater-based Disease Surveillance for Public Health Action concludes that wastewater surveillance is and will continue to be a valuable component of infectious disease management. This report presents a vision for a national wastewater surveillance system that would track multiple pathogens simultaneously and pivot quickly to detect emerging pathogens, and it offers recommendations to ensure that the system is flexible, equitable, and economically sustainable for informing public health actions. The report also recommends approaches to address ethical and privacy concerns and develop a more representative wastewater surveillance system. Predictable and sustained federal funding as well as ongoing coordination and collaboration among many partners will be critical to the effectiveness of efforts moving forward.
Evaluation Of The Use Of Wastewater Based Epidemiology As A Surveillance Tool And The Potential Effects Of Vaccines And Students Beliefs And Practices In Mitigating The Spread Of Covid 19 Among Students At East Carolina University
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Author : Avian White
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Evaluation Of The Use Of Wastewater Based Epidemiology As A Surveillance Tool And The Potential Effects Of Vaccines And Students Beliefs And Practices In Mitigating The Spread Of Covid 19 Among Students At East Carolina University written by Avian White and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Worldwide, newly emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and pathogens have led to increases in the number and frequency of disease outbreaks. Although these disease outbreaks are not new, increases in outbreaks have led to the need for public health agencies to effectively monitor disease spread. It has been estimated that 25% of 60 million deaths occurring yearly are the result of infectious diseases (Fauci et al., 2005; Nii-Trebi, 2017). Thus, disease monitoring tools are of utmost importance. The outbreak and spread of a severe acute respiratory illness in China alerted the world to a potentially new or re-emerging pathogen. As the virus rapidly spread, it was named "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2" (SARS-CoV-2) by the World Health Organization (WHO). The SARS-CoV-2 virus was deemed a public health emergency and later declared a pandemic as people across the world contracted COVID-19. The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic underscored the need for disease monitoring and surveillance to mitigate spread. SARS-CoV-2 causes fever, dry cough, shortness of breath and in some instances loss of taste and smell. However, some persons, particularly those with pre-existing conditions, may experience severe symptoms of high fever, severe cough pneumonia, and even death (WHO, 2020). In the United States alone, an estimated 88,044,073 cases have occurred since the start of the epidemic (Worldometer, 2022). Early strategies to handle the epidemic included temporary sheltering in-place orders, and many institutions including schools and universities shifted to online strategies to ensure continuity in learning. As these entities later sought to fully re-open and regain a sense of normalcy, many were tasked with establishing monitoring systems to help detect potential outbreaks. The use of wastewater-based surveillance was evaluated as a tool in helping to identify when and where student polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing should be conducted. Here, we utilized wastewater-based epidemiology by sampling dormitory wastewater thrice weekly during Spring and Fall 2021. Data obtained from this sampling was used to help identify potential cases of COVID-19 in dormitories. Additionally, as vaccines were developed and distributed, the relationship between vaccination rates and COVID-19 cases on campus was investigated. Lastly, students' attitudes and behaviors toward the virus were also evaluated by administering an online survey tool designed through REDCAP systems. This survey utilized a Likert scale where possible to aid in analysis and comparison of student responses between Spring 2021 and Fall 2021 semesters.Results from this study found significantly higher concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater were observed during the Spring relative to the Fall semester. Dorms with higher numbers of COVID-19 cases also had higher concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in their wastewater. A significant inverse relationship was observed between vaccine rates and student COVID-19 cases. As vaccinations rates increased within the dormitories, the number of student cases decreased. Students became more receptive to the vaccine in the Fall semester in comparison to the Spring. This change in attitudes may have helped the University's vaccination rates in the Fall semester thus affecting student COVID-19 rates. Here, we saw students a significant difference in virus perception between Spring 2021 and Fall 2021 semesters. Specifically, a lower number of students having a negative perception of the virus. Additionally, students reported having less restrictive behavior (e.g., visitors, mask wearing) in Fall 2021 compared to Spring 2021. Overall, this study showed that universities may successfully use surveillance techniques such as wastewater-based epidemiology to help determine when swarm testing of students should be initiated. It also provided evidence that vaccination campaigns may have helped to reduce the incidence rate of COVID-19 on campus. Gaining an understanding of how students feel and behave regarding the threat of disease outbreaks, the implementation of various preventative measures, and the effects that changes in educational delivery platforms may have on learning and social interactions are also important for developing successful programs to mitigate the spread of diseases.
Fundamentals Of Wastewater Based Epidemiology
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Author : Frank R. Spellman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Fundamentals Of Wastewater Based Epidemiology written by Frank R. Spellman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Biological monitoring categories.
It is common practice to evaluate wastewater to understand drug consumption, from antibiotics to illegal narcotics, and even to analyze dietary habits and trends. Evaluating contaminants in wastewater enables researchers, environmental scientists, and water quality experts to gain valuable information and data. Wastewater-based epidemiology is an emerging science that has proven to be a cost- and time-effective biomonitoring tool. This book provides a roadmap to detecting wastewater-borne pathogenic contaminants such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and others. It provides a basic, fundamental discussion of how sampling and monitoring of wastewater using epidemiological concepts and practices can aid in determining the presence of the COVID-19 virus in a community, for example, and may help predict future outbreaks. Offers a unique discussion of the detection of bacteria, fungi, and COVID-19 and other viruses in wastewater. Presents the fundamentals of wastewater chemistry and microbiology. Explains biomonitoring, sampling, testing, and health surveillance in a practical manner. Fundamentals of wastewater-based epidemiology : biomonitoring of bacteria, fungi, COVID-19, and other viruses is an invaluable resource to a wide array of readers with varying interests and backgrounds in water science and public health
Wastewater Surveillance For Covid 19 Management
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Author : Manish Kumar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date :
Wastewater Surveillance For Covid 19 Management written by Manish Kumar and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment
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Author : Charles N. Haas
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-06-09
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment written by Charles N. Haas and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Provides the latest QMRA methodologies to determine infection risk cause by either accidental microbial infections or deliberate infections caused by terrorism • Reviews the latest methodologies to quantify at every step of the microbial exposure pathways, from the first release of a pathogen to the actual human infection • Provides techniques on how to gather information, on how each microorganism moves through the environment, how to determine their survival rates on various media, and how people are exposed to the microorganism • Explains how QMRA can be used as a tool to measure the impact of interventions and identify the best policies and practices to protect public health and safety • Includes new information on genetic methods • Techniques use to develop risk models for drinking water, groundwater, recreational water, food and pathogens in the indoor environment
Women In Water Quality
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Author : Deborah Jean O’Bannon
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-06-29
Women In Water Quality written by Deborah Jean O’Bannon and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This volume captures the impact of women’s research on the public health and environmental engineering profession. The volume is written as a scholarly text to demonstrate that women compete successfully in the field, dating back to 1873. Each authors’ chapter includes a section on her contribution to the field and a biography written for a general audience. This volume also includes a significant representation of early women’s contributions, highlighting their rich history in the profession. The book covers topics such as drinking water and health, biologically-active compounds, wastewater management, and biofilms. This volume should be of interest to academics, researchers, consulting engineering offices, and engineering societies while also inspiring young women to persist in STEM studies and aspire to academic careers. Features a blend of innovations and contributions made by women in water quality engineering, as well as their path to success, including challenges in their journeys Presents an opportunity to learn about the breadth and depth of the field of water quality Includes a history of women in water quality engineering as well as research in current issues such as urban water quality, biologically-active compounds, and biofilms
Pharmaceuticals And Personal Care Products In The Environment
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Author : Christian Gaaei Daughton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Pharmaceuticals And Personal Care Products In The Environment written by Christian Gaaei Daughton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Health & Fitness categories.
This volume breaks new ground in applying the current body of knowledge in the study of pharmaceuticals, personal care products and their environmental impact to the assessment of the magnitude and extent of the use of illicit drugs at the local community level. It offers new insights on the use of environmental monitoring and includes discussion on waste treatment, ecotoxicological issues, and risk assessment.
Advances In Applied Microbiology
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Author : Geoffrey M. Gadd
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-09-16
Advances In Applied Microbiology written by Geoffrey M. Gadd and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-16 with Science categories.
Advances in Applied Microbiology, Volume 113, continues the comprehensive reach of this widely read and authoritative review source in microbiology. Users will find invaluable references and information on a variety of areas relating to the topic, with this release focusing on Gaps in the Assortment of Rapid Assays for Microorganisms of Interest to the Dairy Industry, Metal reduction and corrosion by bacterial biofilms, The microbiology of red brines, Clostridium thermocellum: a microbial platform for high-value chemical production from lignocellulose, and The zincophore system in pathogenic yeasts. Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field of microbiology Includes discussions on the role of specific molecules in pathogen life stages, interactions, and much more
Management Of Legionella In Water Systems
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2020-02-20
Management Of Legionella In Water Systems written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-20 with Medical categories.
Legionnaires' disease, a pneumonia caused by the Legionella bacterium, is the leading cause of reported waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Legionella occur naturally in water from many different environmental sources, but grow rapidly in the warm, stagnant conditions that can be found in engineered water systems such as cooling towers, building plumbing, and hot tubs. Humans are primarily exposed to Legionella through inhalation of contaminated aerosols into the respiratory system. Legionnaires' disease can be fatal, with between 3 and 33 percent of Legionella infections leading to death, and studies show the incidence of Legionnaires' disease in the United States increased five-fold from 2000 to 2017. Management of Legionella in Water Systems reviews the state of science on Legionella contamination of water systems, specifically the ecology and diagnosis. This report explores the process of transmission via water systems, quantification, prevention and control, and policy and training issues that affect the incidence of Legionnaires' disease. It also analyzes existing knowledge gaps and recommends research priorities moving forward.