Were Free Southern Farmers Driven To Indolence By Slavery
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Were Free Southern Farmers Driven To Indolence By Slavery
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Author : Elizabeth B. Field-Hendrey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Were Free Southern Farmers Driven To Indolence By Slavery written by Elizabeth B. Field-Hendrey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Agriculture categories.
Antebellum critics of slavery argued that it was responsible for the relative inefficiency of free southern farms. We examine this issue, employing a stochastic production function, which allows us to distinguish between technological superiority and technical inefficiency, and controlling for crop mix, which we treat as endogenous. We find that although large plantations enjoyed a technological advantage, slave farms were less efficient than free northern farms but more efficient than free southern farms. In addition, free southern farms were significantly less efficient than comparable northern farms
Nber Reporter
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Author : National Bureau of Economic Research
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Nber Reporter written by National Bureau of Economic Research and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Economics categories.
The Consequences Of Cotton In Antebellum America
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Author : William J. Phalen
language : en
Publisher: McFarland
Release Date : 2014-04-04
The Consequences Of Cotton In Antebellum America written by William J. Phalen and has been published by McFarland this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-04 with History categories.
In 1846, political economist Karl Marx wrote that "without cotton, you have no modern industry." Indeed, before the American Civil War, cotton brought wealth, power and prosperity to both America and Europe. Giant industries in the northern U.S., extensive shipping networks up and down the Atlantic Coast and to Europe, new inventions and revised applications of old machines--all sprang from the success of King Cotton. This thoughtful study traces the impact of southern cotton on most of the important facets of life in antebellum America, including employment, international relations, agriculture, shipping, the U.S. economy, Native American relations, and the subjugation of humans. This one plant fashioned the way of life of the South and profoundly affected the destiny of the entire American people.
Manufacturing Where Agriculture Predominates
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Author : Kenneth Lee Sokoloff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Manufacturing Where Agriculture Predominates written by Kenneth Lee Sokoloff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Industrialization categories.
We employ the 1860 Census of Manufactures to study rural antebellum manufacturing in the South and Midwest, and find that manufacturing output per capita was similar across regions in counties specialized in the same agricultural products. The southern deficit in manufactures per capita appears to have been largely attributable to the very low levels of output in counties specialized in cotton production. This implies that it was the South's capabilities for the highly profitable cotton production, not the existence of slavery per se, that was responsible for the region's limited industrial development -- at least in rural areas. The other major finding is that in both the South and the Midwest measured total factor productivity was significantly lower in counties specialized in wheat (the most seasonal of agricultural products as regards labor requirements). This is consistent with suggestions that agricultural districts where the predominant crops were highly seasonal in their requirements for labor were well suited to support manufacturing enterprise during the offpeak periods.
Debt Default And Revenue Structure
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Author : Arthur Grinath
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Debt Default And Revenue Structure written by Arthur Grinath and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Debts, Public categories.
During the 1820s and 1830s, American state governments made large investments in canals, banks, and railroads. In the early 1840s, nine states defaulted on their debts, four ultimately repudiated all or part of their debts, and three went through substantial renegotiations. This paper examines how the states got into the debt crisis and, as a result of their earlier history, how they responded to fiscal pressure in the debt crisis. The explanation is built around revenue structures. States along the developed eastern seaboard were able to avoid politically costly property taxes, while states along the frontier were forced to rely heavily on property taxes. When faced with fiscal pressures, two of the defaulting states -- Maryland and Pennsylvania -- were able to resume debt payments, with back interest, as soon as a property tax was enacted. The other defaulting states, however, already had high property taxes. Without access to new revenue sources, these states were forced to default, and then either renegotiate or repudiate their debts.
Intra Ethnic Diversity In Hispanic Child Mortality 1890 1910
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Author : Myron P. Gutmann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Intra Ethnic Diversity In Hispanic Child Mortality 1890 1910 written by Myron P. Gutmann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Children categories.
The recent demography of the Hispanic population of the United States has received considerable attention, but historical perspective is more elusive partly due to data limitations. A nationally representative sample of the Hispanic population of the United States, based on the manuscripts of the 1910 census, now exists that includes 71,500 Hispanic-origin persons plus another 24,000 of their non-Hispanic neighbors. We estimate childhood mortality for 1890 to 1910, using indirect demographic methods of estimation and find infant and child mortality in the Hispanic population that was higher than for the non-Hispanic whites but slightly lower than for nonwhite, non-Hispanics (mostly African Americans). Hispanic rural, farm populations in California, Texas, and Arizona did the best, though still experiencing high mortality. The usual advantage of rural residence at the turn of the century holds outside of New Mexico and Florida.
The Challenges Of Economic Maturity
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Author : Joshua L. Rosenbloom
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
The Challenges Of Economic Maturity written by Joshua L. Rosenbloom and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with New England categories.
This paper provides an account of the complex changes taking place within New England in the years from 1880 to 1940. After 1880, technological changes and market shifts undermined the sources of comparative advantage that had promoted the concentration of textile and footwear production within the region and propelled regional economic growth. Despite the decline of these industries after 1880, New England's history after 1880 can hardly be characterized as one of economic decline. Regional economic growth did slow in the wake of these events, but the impact of this slowdown on living standards was moderated, by market driven adjustments in resources away from declining sectors, and by the region's increasing integration within national and international labor and financial markets. Within the region's traditional industries, manufacturers shifted product lines to take advantage of the areas in which they could still compete. At the same time, the growth of other manufacturing activities and an increasingly robust service sector created new employment opportunities that laid the foundation for the region's post-World War II recovery. The responsiveness of international and interregional labor migration moderated the growth of regional labor supplies in response to diminishing opportunities. Meanwhile, financial market integration enabled New Englanders to share in the benefits of more rapid growth elsewhere in the country.
Tallest In The World
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Author : Joseph M. Prince
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Tallest In The World written by Joseph M. Prince and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Indians of North America categories.
Historians often portray Native Americans as merely unfortunate victims of European disease and aggression, with lives in disarray that followed the arrival of Columbus and other explorers or conquerors. The data we analyze on human stature show, in contrast, that some Native Americans such as the equestrian Plains nomads, were remarkably ingenious and adaptive in the face of exceptional demographic stress. Using anthropometric data originally collected by Franz Boas, we show that the Plains nomads were tallest in the world during the mid-nineteenth century. We link this extraordinary achievement to a rich and varied diet, modest disease loads other than epidemics, a remarkable facility at reorganization following demographic disasters, and egalitarian principles of operation. The analysis provides a useful mirror for understanding the health of Euro-Americans.
The Stability Of The American Business Elite
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Author : Peter Temin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
The Stability Of The American Business Elite written by Peter Temin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Chief executive officers categories.
This paper begins the task of explaining why the American business elite has remained white, male and mostly native-born Protestants for a century, as verified in a previous paper (Temin, 1997). I argue that the evidence is inconsistent with the hypotheses that the stability is due to discrimination on the job or to principal-agent factors. The most likely explanation is that this demographic group makes the best business managers. I suggest that this in turn is not because they are inherently superior, but because they have had access to superior education, a result of past discrimination.
Capital Goods Prices Global Capital Markets And Accumulation 1870 1950
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Author : William J. Collins
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Capital Goods Prices Global Capital Markets And Accumulation 1870 1950 written by William J. Collins and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Capital market categories.
Conventional wisdom has it that global financial markets were as well integrated in the 1890s as in the 1990s, but that it took several post-war decades to regenerate the connections that existed before 1914. This view has emerged from a variety of tests for world financial capital market integration ranging from the correlation of saving and investment aggregates to the dispersion of security prices and real interest rates. Presumably, we care about global capital market integration because it can have an impact on accumulation performance and the global distribution of the capital stock. Oddly enough, however, the relative price of capital goods, an important component of the user cost of capital, has never been incorporated into studies of capital market integration and almost never in comparative studies of pre-1950 economic growth. This could be an important omission. This paper explores the issue with a panel data base 1870-1950 for eleven OECD countries. It turns out that capital goods prices have been central to accumulation, and therefore to growth and convergence. They have also been as important to the evolution of global capital markets as have been interest rates and other financial costs.