What Intelligence Tests Miss
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What Intelligence Tests Miss
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Author : Keith E. Stanovich
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
What Intelligence Tests Miss written by Keith E. Stanovich and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Intelligence tests categories.
The author shows that IQ tests are radically incomplete as measures of cognitive functioning. He argues that they fail to assess traits that most people associate with 'good thinking', skills such as judgement and decision-making.
What Intelligence Tests Miss
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Author : Keith E. Stanovich
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 2009-01-27
What Intelligence Tests Miss written by Keith E. Stanovich and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-27 with Education categories.
Critics of intelligence tests writers such as Robert Sternberg, Howard Gardner, and Daniel Goleman have argued in recent years that these tests neglect important qualities such as emotion, empathy, and interpersonal skills. However, such critiques imply that though intelligence tests may miss certain key noncognitive areas, they encompass most of what is important in the cognitive domain. In this book, Keith E. Stanovich challenges this widely held assumption.Stanovich shows that IQ tests (or their proxies, such as the SAT) are radically incomplete as measures of cognitive functioning. They fail to assess traits that most people associate with good thinking, skills such as judgment and decision making. Such cognitive skills are crucial to real-world behavior, affecting the way we plan, evaluate critical evidence, judge risks and probabilities, and make effective decisions. IQ tests fail to assess these skills of rational thought, even though they are measurable cognitive processes. Rational thought is just as important as intelligence, Stanovich argues, and it should be valued as highly as the abilities currently measured on intelligence tests.
The Rationality Quotient
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Author : Keith E. Stanovich
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2016-09-30
The Rationality Quotient written by Keith E. Stanovich and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-30 with Psychology categories.
How to assess critical aspects of cognitive functioning that are not measured by IQ tests: rational thinking skills. Why are we surprised when smart people act foolishly? Smart people do foolish things all the time. Misjudgments and bad decisions by highly educated bankers and money managers, for example, brought us the financial crisis of 2008. Smart people do foolish things because intelligence is not the same as the capacity for rational thinking. The Rationality Quotient explains that these two traits, often (and incorrectly) thought of as one, refer to different cognitive functions. The standard IQ test, the authors argue, doesn't measure any of the broad components of rationality—adaptive responding, good judgment, and good decision making. The authors show that rational thinking, like intelligence, is a measurable cognitive competence. Drawing on theoretical work and empirical research from the last two decades, they present the first prototype for an assessment of rational thinking analogous to the IQ test: the CART (Comprehensive Assessment of Rational Thinking). The authors describe the theoretical underpinnings of the CART, distinguishing the algorithmic mind from the reflective mind. They discuss the logic of the tasks used to measure cognitive biases, and they develop a unique typology of thinking errors. The Rationality Quotient explains the components of rational thought assessed by the CART, including probabilistic and scientific reasoning; the avoidance of “miserly” information processing; and the knowledge structures needed for rational thinking. Finally, the authors discuss studies of the CART and the social and practical implications of such a test. An appendix offers sample items from the test.
The Bias That Divides Us
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Author : Keith E. Stanovich
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2021-08-31
The Bias That Divides Us written by Keith E. Stanovich and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-31 with Psychology categories.
Why we don't live in a post-truth society but rather a myside society: what science tells us about the bias that poisons our politics. In The Bias That Divides Us, psychologist Keith Stanovich argues provocatively that we don't live in a post-truth society, as has been claimed, but rather a myside society. Our problem is not that we are unable to value and respect truth and facts, but that we are unable to agree on commonly accepted truth and facts. We believe that our side knows the truth. Post-truth? That describes the other side. The inevitable result is political polarization. Stanovich shows what science can tell us about myside bias: how common it is, how to avoid it, and what purposes it serves. Stanovich explains that although myside bias is ubiquitous, it is an outlier among cognitive biases. It is unpredictable. Intelligence does not inoculate against it, and myside bias in one domain is not a good indicator of bias shown in any other domain. Stanovich argues that because of its outlier status, myside bias creates a true blind spot among the cognitive elite--those who are high in intelligence, executive functioning, or other valued psychological dispositions. They may consider themselves unbiased and purely rational in their thinking, but in fact they are just as biased as everyone else. Stanovich investigates how this bias blind spot contributes to our current ideologically polarized politics, connecting it to another recent trend: the decline of trust in university research as a disinterested arbiter.
Intelligence
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Author : Mark M. Lowenthal
language : en
Publisher: CQ Press
Release Date : 2016-09-29
Intelligence written by Mark M. Lowenthal and has been published by CQ Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-29 with Political Science categories.
Mark M. Lowenthal’s trusted guide is the go-to resource for understanding how the intelligence community’s history, structure, procedures, and functions affect policy decisions. In this Seventh Edition, Lowenthal examines cyber space and the issues it presents to the intelligence community such as defining cyber as a new collection discipline; the implications of the Senate Intelligence Committee’s staff report on enhanced interrogation techniques; the rise of the Islamic State; and the issues surrounding the nuclear agreement with Iran. New sections have been added offering a brief summary of the major laws governing U.S. intelligence today such as domestic intelligence collection, whistleblowers vs. leakers, and the growing field of financial intelligence.
Who Is Rational
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Author : Keith E. Stanovich
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1999-04-01
Who Is Rational written by Keith E. Stanovich and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-04-01 with Psychology categories.
Integrating a decade-long program of empirical research with current cognitive theory, this book demonstrates that psychological research has profound implications for current debates about what it means to be rational. The author brings new evidence to bear on these issues by demonstrating that patterns of individual differences--largely ignored in disputes about human rationality--have strong implications for explanations of the gap between normative and descriptive models of human behavior. Separate chapters show how patterns of individual differences have implications for all of the major critiques of purported demonstrations of human irrationality in the heuristics and biases literature. In these critiques, it has been posited that experimenters have observed performance errors rather than systematically irrational responses; the tasks have required computational operations that exceed human cognitive capacity; experimenters have applied the wrong normative model to the task; and participants have misinterpreted the tasks. In a comprehensive set of studies, Stanovich demonstrates that gaps between normative and descriptive models of performance on some tasks can be accounted for by positing these alternative explanations, but that not all discrepancies from normative models can be so explained. Individual differences in rational thought can in part be predicted by psychological dispositions that are interpreted as characteristic biases in people's intentional-level psychologies. Presenting the most comprehensive examination of individual differences in the heuristics and biases literature that has yet been published, experiments and theoretical insights in this volume contextualize the heuristics and biases literature exemplified in the work of various investigators.
Decision Making And Rationality In The Modern World
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Author : Keith E. Stanovich
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Decision Making And Rationality In The Modern World written by Keith E. Stanovich and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Education categories.
In Decision Making and Rationality in the Modern World, Keith E. Stanovich demonstrates how work in the cognitive psychology of decision making has implications for the large and theoretically contentious debates about the nature of human rationality. Written specifically for undergraduate psychology students, the book presents a very practical approach to decision making, which is too often perceived by students as an artificial set of skills used only in academia and not in the real world. Instead, Stanovich shows how good decision-making procedures support rational behavior that enables people to act most efficiently to fulfill their goals. He explains how the concept of rationality is understood in cognitive science in terms of good decision making and judgment. Books in the Fundamentals of Cognition series serve as ideal instructional resources for advanced courses in cognitive psychology. They provide an up-to-date, well-organized survey of our current understanding of the major theories of cognitive psychology. The books are concise, which allows instructors to incorporate the latest original research and readings into their courses without overburdening their students. Focused without being too advanced--and comprehensive without being too broad--these books are the perfect resource for both students and instructors.
Self Scoring Iq Tests
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Author : Victor Serebriakoff
language : en
Publisher: Sterling Publishing Company Incorporated
Release Date : 1996-02
Self Scoring Iq Tests written by Victor Serebriakoff and has been published by Sterling Publishing Company Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-02 with Psychology categories.
Honorary International President of MENSA Victor Serebriakoff has created two comprehensive tests?similar to the elaborate standardized ones administered by professional psychologists?perfectly designed to measure your cognitive skills, reasoning abilities, quick-learning capability, and problem-solving proficiency. Begin with the practice quizzes to warm up, and then proceed to the actual tests, which concentrate on verbal, mathematical, and spatial relations questions. At the end of the booklet, you'll find the right answers and an explanation of how to determine your IQ from your scores. There are also tables that convert your results into a percentage rating so you can assess where you fall in the general population.
Mismeasure Of Man
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Author : Stephen Jay Gould
language : en
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Release Date : 1996-02-06
Mismeasure Of Man written by Stephen Jay Gould and has been published by W. W. Norton & Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-02-06 with Education categories.
The definitive refutation to the argument of The Bell Curve.
Understanding Intelligence
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Author : Rolf Pfeifer
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2001-07-27
Understanding Intelligence written by Rolf Pfeifer and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-07-27 with Computers categories.
The book includes all the background material required to understand the principles underlying intelligence, as well as enough detailed information on intelligent robotics and simulated agents so readers can begin experiments and projects on their own. By the mid-1980s researchers from artificial intelligence, computer science, brain and cognitive science, and psychology realized that the idea of computers as intelligent machines was inappropriate. The brain does not run "programs"; it does something entirely different. But what? Evolutionary theory says that the brain has evolved not to do mathematical proofs but to control our behavior, to ensure our survival. Researchers now agree that intelligence always manifests itself in behavior—thus it is behavior that we must understand. An exciting new field has grown around the study of behavior-based intelligence, also known as embodied cognitive science, "new AI," and "behavior-based AI." This book provides a systematic introduction to this new way of thinking. After discussing concepts and approaches such as subsumption architecture, Braitenberg vehicles, evolutionary robotics, artificial life, self-organization, and learning, the authors derive a set of principles and a coherent framework for the study of naturally and artificially intelligent systems, or autonomous agents. This framework is based on a synthetic methodology whose goal is understanding by designing and building. The book includes all the background material required to understand the principles underlying intelligence, as well as enough detailed information on intelligent robotics and simulated agents so readers can begin experiments and projects on their own. The reader is guided through a series of case studies that illustrate the design principles of embodied cognitive science.