What Is Known And What Remains To Be Discovered About Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles
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What Is Known And What Remains To Be Discovered About Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles
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Author : Araceli Contreras-Rodriguez
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-08-19
What Is Known And What Remains To Be Discovered About Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles written by Araceli Contreras-Rodriguez and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-19 with Science categories.
What Is Known And What Remains To Be Discovered About Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Volume Ii
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Author : Araceli Contreras-Rodriguez
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-11-11
What Is Known And What Remains To Be Discovered About Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Volume Ii written by Araceli Contreras-Rodriguez and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-11 with Science categories.
Towards Understanding The Molecular Basis Of Outer Membrane Vesicles Formation
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Author : Wael Elhenawy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Towards Understanding The Molecular Basis Of Outer Membrane Vesicles Formation written by Wael Elhenawy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Bacteria categories.
The release of outer membrane vesicles (OMV) is utilized by Gram-negative bacteria to perform a myriad of functions during pathogenesis and symbiosis. Despite their well-recognized roles, the mechanism responsible for OMV formation in bacteria remains elusive. Whether OMV are produced by an active mechanism or by the passive disintegration of the outer membrane (OM) is a still matter of controversy. If OMV are produced as a consequence to cell lysis, then their protein content should not differ from the parent OM. Nonetheless, many studies demonstrated the differences between the proteomes of OMV and the originating membranes, suggesting the presence of a directed mechanism for OMV formation and cargo selection. In this thesis, we compared the proteomes of OM and OMV purified from B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron. Using mass spectrometry, we identified the proteins in the OM and OMV of both organisms. Our analysis revealed the presence of more than forty proteins exclusively-packed in B. fragilis OMV. In parallel, more than 30 proteins were excluded from OMV and were detected only in B. fragilis OM. Sugar hydrolases and proteases constituted a significant fraction of the OMV specific proteins. Using in vitro biochemical assays, we demonstrated the hydrolytic activity of B. fragilis OMV. Moreover, we were able to show that B. fragilis can induce OMV hydrolases in response to extracellular cues. Similar results were obtained with B. thetaiotaomicron OMV analysis. OMV cargo selection is not restricted to the protein content but was found to include the packed lipids. Previous studies demonstrated the uneven distribution of lipids between the OMV and the parent OM. In the dental pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, deacylated lipid A species were preferentially enriched in the OMV. In this thesis, we investigated the role of the lipid A deacylase, PagL, in OMV production by the prominent enteric pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The expression of PagL in vitro resulted in the exclusive accumulation of deacylated lipid A forms in S. Typhimurium OMV. Additionally, more OMV production was observed when PagL was recombinantly expressed in S. Typhimurium. On contrary, the expression of a catalytically inactive variant of the enzyme did not induce similar vesiculation levels. Moreover, we demonstrated that PagL is involved in OMV formation by intracellular S. Typhimurium. Our results suggest a role for PagL-mediated lipid A deacylation in OMV biogenesis. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms mediating OMV formation will greatly improve our understanding of bacterial pathogenesis.
Molecular Biology Of The Cell
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Author : Bruce Alberts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Molecular Biology Of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Cytology categories.
Bacterial Biofilms
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Author : Tony Romeo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-02-26
Bacterial Biofilms written by Tony Romeo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-26 with Medical categories.
Throughout the biological world, bacteria thrive predominantly in surface-attached, matrix-enclosed, multicellular communities or biofilms, as opposed to isolated planktonic cells. This choice of lifestyle is not trivial, as it involves major shifts in the use of genetic information and cellular energy, and has profound consequences for bacterial physiology and survival. Growth within a biofilm can thwart immune function and antibiotic therapy and thereby complicate the treatment of infectious diseases, especially chronic and foreign device-associated infections. Modern studies of many important biofilms have advanced well beyond the descriptive stage, and have begun to provide molecular details of the structural, biochemical, and genetic processes that drive biofilm formation and its dispersion. There is much diversity in the details of biofilm development among various species, but there are also commonalities. In most species, environmental and nutritional conditions greatly influence biofilm development. Similar kinds of adhesive molecules often promote biofilm formation in diverse species. Signaling and regulatory processes that drive biofilm development are often conserved, especially among related bacteria. Knowledge of such processes holds great promise for efforts to control biofilm growth and combat biofilm-associated infections. This volume focuses on the biology of biofilms that affect human disease, although it is by no means comprehensive. It opens with chapters that provide the reader with current perspectives on biofilm development, physiology, environmental, and regulatory effects, the role of quorum sensing, and resistance/phenotypic persistence to antimicrobial agents during biofilm growth.
Nanostructures For Antimicrobial Therapy
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Author : Anton Ficai
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2017-05-29
Nanostructures For Antimicrobial Therapy written by Anton Ficai and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-29 with Medical categories.
Nanostructures for Antimicrobial Therapy discusses the pros and cons of the use of nanostructured materials in the prevention and eradication of infections, highlighting the efficient microbicidal effect of nanoparticles against antibiotic-resistant pathogens and biofilms. Conventional antibiotics are becoming ineffective towards microorganisms due to their widespread and often inappropriate use. As a result, the development of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms is increasingly being reported. New approaches are needed to confront the rising issues related to infectious diseases. The merging of biomaterials, such as chitosan, carrageenan, gelatin, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) with nanotechnology provides a promising platform for antimicrobial therapy as it provides a controlled way to target cells and induce the desired response without the adverse effects common to many traditional treatments. Nanoparticles represent one of the most promising therapeutic treatments to the problem caused by infectious micro-organisms resistant to traditional therapies. This volume discusses this promise in detail, and also discusses what challenges the greater use of nanoparticles might pose to medical professionals. The unique physiochemical properties of nanoparticles, combined with their growth inhibitory capacity against microbes has led to the upsurge in the research on nanoparticles as antimicrobials. The importance of bactericidal nanobiomaterials study will likely increase as development of resistant strains of bacteria against most potent antibiotics continues. Shows how nanoantibiotics can be used to more effectively treat disease Discusses the advantages and issues of a variety of different nanoantibiotics, enabling medics to select which best meets their needs Provides a cogent summary of recent developments in this field, allowing readers to quickly familiarize themselves with this topic area
Bacterial Cell Wall
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Author : J.-M. Ghuysen
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1994-02-09
Bacterial Cell Wall written by J.-M. Ghuysen and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-02-09 with Science categories.
Studies of the bacterial cell wall emerged as a new field of research in the early 1950s, and has flourished in a multitude of directions. This excellent book provides an integrated collection of contributions forming a fundamental reference for researchers and of general use to teachers, advanced students in the life sciences, and all scientists in bacterial cell wall research. Chapters include topics such as: Peptidoglycan, an essential constituent of bacterial endospores; Teichoic and teichuronic acids, lipoteichoic acids, lipoglycans, neural complex polysaccharides and several specialized proteins are frequently unique wall-associated components of Gram-positive bacteria; Bacterial cells evolving signal transduction pathways; Underlying mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
Principles Of Bacterial Pathogenesis
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Author : Eduardo A. Groisman
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2001-01-09
Principles Of Bacterial Pathogenesis written by Eduardo A. Groisman and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-09 with Medical categories.
Principles of Bacterial Pathogenesis presents a molecular perspective on a select group of bacterial pathogens by having the leaders of the field present their perspective in a clear and authoritative manner. Each chapter contains a comprehensive review devoted to a single pathogen. Several chapters include work from authors outside the pathogenesis field, providing general perspectives on the evolution, regulation, and secretion of virulence and determinants. Explains the basic principles of bacterial pathogenesis Covers diverse aspects integrating regulation, cellular microbiology and evolution of microbial disease of humans Discusses current strategies for the identification of virulence determinants and the methods used by microbes to deliver virulence factors Presents authoritative treatises of the major disease microorganisms
Bacterial Membrane Vesicles
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Author : Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-03-31
Bacterial Membrane Vesicles written by Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-31 with Science categories.
This book focuses on the multitude of functions bacterial membrane vesicles perform in bacterial ecology and pathogenesis as well as in emerging medical and biotechnological applications. Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria produce membrane-bound nanostructures, known as membrane vesicles, which have a range of functions that include serving as delivery vehicles, providing a means of communication over both spatial and temporal scales, and contributing to bacterial survival and evolution. Topics covered in this book range from the biogenesis and composition of bacterial membrane vesicles to their abundance and biological roles in microbial ecosystems, such as marine environments. In the individual chapters, the involvement of bacterial membrane vesicles in host-pathogen interactions, promoting virulence and in facilitating the establishment of infection is explained. In addition, current knowledge regarding membrane vesicles produced by commensal bacteria and their role in the maturation of the host immune system, as well as the therapeutic potential of bacterial membrane vesicles as delivery systems and innovative nanotechnology-based therapeutics are discussed. This work appeals to a wide readership of students and researchers interested in microbial ecology, mechanism underlying pathogenesis and new avenues in applied microbiology and nanotechnology.
Encyclopedia Of Microbiology
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Author : Thomas M. Schmidt
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-09-11
Encyclopedia Of Microbiology written by Thomas M. Schmidt and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-11 with Science categories.
Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Fourth Edition, Five Volume Set gathers both basic and applied dimensions in this dynamic field that includes virtually all environments on Earth. This range attracts a growing number of cross-disciplinary studies, which the encyclopedia makes available to readers from diverse educational backgrounds. The new edition builds on the solid foundation established in earlier versions, adding new material that reflects recent advances in the field. New focus areas include `Animal and Plant Microbiomes’ and ‘Global Impact of Microbes`. The thematic organization of the work allows users to focus on specific areas, e.g., for didactical purposes, while also browsing for topics in different areas. Offers an up-to-date and authoritative resource that covers the entire field of microbiology, from basic principles, to applied technologies Provides an organic overview that is useful to academic teachers and scientists from different backgrounds Includes chapters that are enriched with figures and graphs, and that can be easily consulted in isolation to find fundamental definitions and concepts