What S Behind Mercosur S Common External Tariff
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What S Behind Mercosur S Common External Tariff
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Author : Marcelo Olarreaga
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
What S Behind Mercosur S Common External Tariff written by Marcelo Olarreaga and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Commercial policy categories.
"Most researchers focus on the political economy (interest group pressures) approach to analyzing why customs unions are formed, but terms-of-trade effects were also important in formation of the common market of the Southern Cone (Mercosur). Terms-of-trade externalities among Mercosur's members have been internalized in the common external tariff--Cover.
What S Behind Mercosur S Common External Tariff
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Author : Marcelo Olarreaga
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
What S Behind Mercosur S Common External Tariff written by Marcelo Olarreaga and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Most researchers focus on the political economy (interest group pressures) approach to analyzing why customs unions are formed, but terms-of-trade effects were also important in formation of the Common Market of the Southern Cone (Mercosur). Terms-of-trade externalities among Mercosur's members have been internalized in the common external tariff. The theoretical literature on trade follows two different approaches to explaining the endogenous formation of customs unions: (1) The terms-of-trade approach, in which integrating partners are willing to exploit terms-of-trade effects. Using the terms-of-trade approach, one concludes that tariffs on imports from the rest of the world should increase after the formation of a regional bloc, because the market power of the region increases and terms-of-trade externalities can be internalized in the custom union's common external tariff. As the union forms, the domestic market gets larger and members' international market power increases. (2) The interest group pressures (political economy) approach, in which, for example, the customs union may offer the potential for exchanging markets or protection within the enlarged market. Using this approach, one would usually conclude that tariffs for the rest of the world decline after the custom union`s formation - a rationale related to free-rider effects in larger lobbying groups. It is important to recognize the forces behind the formation of customs unions. Most researchers have focused on the second approach and neglected terms of trade as a possible explanatory variable. Both rationales explain a significant share of tariff information. Results, write Olarreaga, Soloaga, and Winters, suggest that both forces were important in formation of the Common Market of the Southern Cone (Mercosur). Terms-of-trade effects account for between 6 percent and 28 percent of the explained variation in the structure of protection. There is also evidence that the terms-of-trade externalities among Mercosur's members have been internalized in the common external tariff. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the political economy of trade protection.
Latin America
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Author : P. Coffey
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-12-01
Latin America written by P. Coffey and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Latin America's experience with regional economic integration has been only slightly shorter than that of Europe. In fact, the first attempt at integration started as early as 1960, with the creation of LAFTA - the Latin American Free Trade Area (subsequently replaced by LAIA - the Latin American Integration Association). LAFTA, composed of 11 countries, sought, unsuccessfully, to create a free trade area in 12 years. In 1969, the Andean pact, which sought, also unsuccessfully, to create a sub-regional free trade area, was set up. Recently the Presidents of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay signed the Treaty of Asuncion aimed at creating a common market as from 1st January, 1995. This common market, MERCOSUR, will be completed by 2006. In comparison with the earlier and unsuccessful attempts at integration, and despite challenges and problems, both internal and external, MERCOSUR is working, and trade between the member States is increasing. Furthermore, as with the case of the European Union (EU), serious attempts (notably between Argentina and Brazil) are being made to co-ordinate economic and monetary policies. The most important evidence of these moves is the introduction of hard currencies, the reduction in the size of the public sector and the privatization of State assets. These are clearly exciting times for Latin American integration. In this book, the first in a new series of books on International Economic Integration, the authors examine the experience of MERCOSUR in the Latin American integration progress. After an analysis of the history of the moves towards integration in South America, the case of each Member State and the Associate Country is examined and perspectives for the future are assessed.
Confronting Competition
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Author : Ritva Reinikka
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Confronting Competition written by Ritva Reinikka and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Ajuste estructural - Uganda categories.
"While macroeconomic reforms are necessary, firms' investment response is likely to remain limited without an accompanying improvement in public sector performance"--Cover.
Developing Countries In The World Economy
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Author : Jaime De Melo
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2015-03-26
Developing Countries In The World Economy written by Jaime De Melo and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-26 with Business & Economics categories.
Differences in the choices of trade and macro policies, both by developing countries and by developed countries towards developing countries, have been critical in determining the overall performance of developing countries. All too often, the performance of developing countries has not been assessed using appropriately conducted studies. The papers in this book are chosen to bridge this gap and show how a quantitative approach to policy evaluation can help resolve controversies and explain the choice of observed policies.The book brings together carefully selected papers that assess the impacts of various trade and macro policies, by quantifying the policies of developing countries at the macro level (exchange rate, investment, savings) and at the sector level (trade and industrial policies), in addition to policies of developed countries towards developing countries (trade preferences, quotas, VERs and migration policies). Facets of the political economy of trade, migration, and climate policies are explored (such as the enlargement of the EU, the rise of regionalism and how it can ease the pains of adjustment to trade liberalization, openness and inequality). Growing tensions between trade and the environment are also investigated. In short, this book covers a wide area of events ranging from external and internal shocks to external and internal policies, showing how the consequences of these events can be brought to rigorous quantitative analysis.
Regional Developmentalism Through Law
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Author : Jonathan Bashi Rudahindwa
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-05-20
Regional Developmentalism Through Law written by Jonathan Bashi Rudahindwa and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-20 with Law categories.
Offering a study of regionalism in Africa and investigating the ways in which law can be used to address the issues raised by regional processes on the continent, this book examines the African Economic Community, considering that it has been entrusted to coordinate and to harmonize policies between various Regional Economic Communities (RECs) across the continent, thereby influencing the continent’s approach towards regional integration. It seeks to identify how law can be used to strengthen the African RECs while ensuring that they achieve their goal of promoting regional development across the continent. Drawing upon economic and political theories, and using a critical doctrinal analysis of legal texts and norms, the book uncovers the legal and economic underpinnings of the model of regional integration followed by the regional schemes operating under the banner of the AEC, aiming to contribute to the search for effective methods to ensure the success of these various initiatives. Proposing the concept of "Regional Developmentalism Through Law" as the most suitable conceptual framework to support the effective establishment of an African Economic Community, this book will be of interest to researchers, academics and policy makers interested in the correlation between law, regional integration and development in Africa.
Global Political Economy
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Author : Theodore H. Cohn
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-08-07
Global Political Economy written by Theodore H. Cohn and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-07 with Business & Economics categories.
Praised for its authoritative coverage, Global Political Economy places the study of IPE in its broadest theoretical context. This text not only helps students understand the fundamentals of how the global economy works but also encourages them to use theory to more fully grasp the connections between key issue areas like trade and development. Written by a leading IPE scholar, Global Political Economy equally emphasizes theory and practice to provide a framework for analyzing current events and long-term developments in the global economy.
U S Latin American Economic Relations
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Author : United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
U S Latin American Economic Relations written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Business & Economics categories.
Chile S Regional Arrangements And The Free Trade Agreement Of The Americas
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Author : Glenn W. Harrison
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2001
Chile S Regional Arrangements And The Free Trade Agreement Of The Americas written by Glenn W. Harrison and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with ALCA categories.
July 2001 - Among Chile's bilateral regional agreements, only Chile's agreements with "Northern" partners provide enough market access to offset the costs to Chile of trade diversion. Because of preferential market access, however, "additive regionalism" is likely to provide Chile with far more gains than the static welfare gains from unilateral free trade. At least one partner country loses from each of the regional trade agreements considered in this study, and excluded countries always lose. The Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) produces gains for almost all the member countries, but the European Union is a big loser. Countries of the Americas gain more in aggregate from global free trade than from the FTAA. Using a multisector, multicountry, computable general equilibrium model, Harrison, Rutherford, and Tarr examine Chile's strategy of negotiating bilateral free trade agreements with all of its significant trading partners (referring to this policy as additive regionalism). They also evaluate the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) and global free trade. Among Chile's bilateral regional agreements, only Chile's agreements with "Northern" partners provide enough market access to offset the costs to Chile of trade diversion. Because of preferential market access, however, additive regionalism is likely to provide Chile with many times as many gains as the static welfare gains from unilateral free trade. Harrison, Rutherford, and Tarr find that at least one partner country loses from each of the regional trade agreements they consider, and excluded countries as a group always lose. They estimate that the FTAA produces large welfare gains for the members, with the European Union being the big loser. Gains to the world from global free trade are estimated to be at least 36 times greater than gains from the FTAA. Even countries of the Americas in aggregate gain more from global free trade than from the FTAA. This paper--a product of Trade, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to examine the impact of regional trade arrangements on development and poverty reduction. David Tarr may be contacted at [email protected].
Proceedings Of The Workshop On Global Market Integration And The Agri Food Sector
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: IICA
Release Date :
Proceedings Of The Workshop On Global Market Integration And The Agri Food Sector written by and has been published by IICA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.