When The Invasion Of Land Failed
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When The Invasion Of Land Failed
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Author : George R. McGhee Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2013-10-22
When The Invasion Of Land Failed written by George R. McGhee Jr. and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Science categories.
The invasion of land by ocean-dwelling plants and animals was one of the most revolutionary events in the evolution of life on Earth, yet the animal invasion almost failed—twice—because of the twin mass extinctions of the Late Devonian Epoch. Some 359 to 375 million years ago, these catastrophic events dealt our ancestors a blow that almost drove them back into the sea. If those extinctions had been just a bit more severe, spiders and insects—instead of vertebrates—might have become the ecologically dominant forms of animal life on land. This book examines the profound evolutionary consequences of the Late Devonian extinctions and the various theories proposed to explain their occurrence. Only one group of four-limbed vertebrates exists on Earth, while other tetrapod-like fishes are extinct. This gap is why the idea of "fish with feet" seems so peculiar to us, yet such animals were once a vital part of our world, and if the Devonian extinctions had not happened, members of these species, like the famous Acanthostega and Ichthyostega, might have continued to live in our rivers and lakes. Synthesizing decades of research and including a wealth of new discoveries, this accessible, comprehensive text explores the causes of the Devonian extinctions, the reasons vertebrates were so severely affected, and the potential evolution of the modern world if the extinctions had never taken place.
When The Invasion Of Land Failed
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Author : George R. McGhee, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2013-11-12
When The Invasion Of Land Failed written by George R. McGhee, Jr. and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-12 with Science categories.
The invasion of land by ocean-dwelling plants and animals was one of the most revolutionary events in the evolution of life on Earth, yet the animal invasion almost failed—twice—because of the twin mass extinctions of the Late Devonian Epoch. Some 359 to 375 million years ago, these catastrophic events dealt our ancestors a blow that almost drove them back into the sea. If those extinctions had been just a bit more severe, spiders and insects might have become the ecologically dominant forms of animal life on land. This book examines the profound evolutionary consequences of the Late Devonian extinctions, which shaped the composition of the modern terrestrial ecosystem. Only one group of four-limbed vertebrates now live on Earth while other tetrapod-like fishes are extinct. This gap is why the idea of “fish with feet” seems so peculiar yet these animals were once a vital part of our world.
Carboniferous Giants And Mass Extinction
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Author : George R. McGhee Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2018-08-07
Carboniferous Giants And Mass Extinction written by George R. McGhee Jr. and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-07 with Science categories.
Picture a world of dog-sized scorpions and millipedes as long as a car; tropical rainforests with trees towering over 150 feet into the sky and a giant polar continent five times larger than Antarctica. That world was not imaginary; it was the earth more than 300 million years ago in the Carboniferous period of the Paleozoic era. In Carboniferous Giants and Mass Extinction, George R. McGhee Jr. explores that ancient world, explaining its origins; its downfall in the end-Permian mass extinction, the greatest biodiversity crisis to occur since the evolution of animal life on Earth; and how its legacies still affect us today. McGhee investigates the consequences of the Late Paleozoic ice age in this comprehensive portrait of the effects of ancient climate change on global ecology. Carboniferous Giants and Mass Extinction examines the climatic conditions that allowed for the evolution of gigantic animals and the formation of the largest tropical rainforests ever to exist, which in time turned into the coal that made the industrial revolution possible—and fuels the engine of contemporary anthropogenic climate change. Exploring the strange and fascinating flora and fauna of the Late Paleozoic ice age world, McGhee focuses his analysis on the forces that brought this world to an abrupt and violent end. Synthesizing decades of research and new discoveries, this comprehensive book provides a wealth of insights into past and present extinction events and climate change.
The History Of England From The Invasion Of Julius C Sar To The Revolution In 1688
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Author : David Hume
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1782
The History Of England From The Invasion Of Julius C Sar To The Revolution In 1688 written by David Hume and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1782 with Great Britain categories.
The History Of England From The Invasion Of Julius Caesar To The Revolution In 1688 In Eight Volumes By David Hume Vol I Viii
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1786
The History Of England From The Invasion Of Julius Caesar To The Revolution In 1688 In Eight Volumes By David Hume Vol I Viii written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1786 with categories.
The History Of England From The Invasion Of Julius C Sar To The Revolution In 1688 In Eight Volumes By David Hume Esq Vol 1 8
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1778
The History Of England From The Invasion Of Julius C Sar To The Revolution In 1688 In Eight Volumes By David Hume Esq Vol 1 8 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1778 with categories.
The Bay Of Pigs Invasion
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Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-02-05
The Bay Of Pigs Invasion written by Charles River Charles River Editors and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-05 with categories.
*Includes pictures. *Includes quotes about the plan and its failure, including from declassified CIA files. *Includes footnotes and a bibliography for further reading. "Openly and unabashedly they are organizing training camps; openly and unabashedly they are building air bases and air strips. Everyone knows who is building the strips and buying planes, that mercenaries are recruiting troops. They even have the cynicism to publish photographs." - Fidel Castro, March 1961 Within just a month of becoming President, the issue of communist Cuba became central to John F. Kennedy and his administration. On February 3rd, 1961, President Kennedy called for a plan to support Cuban refugees in the U.S., and a month later, he created the Peace Corps, a program that trained young American volunteers to help with economic and community development in poor countries. Both programs were integral pieces of the Cold War and were attempts to align disadvantaged groups abroad with the United State and the West against the Soviet Union and its Communist satellites. Meanwhile, covert operations were laying the groundwork for overthrowing Cuban leader Fidel Castro, and he knew it. Castro railed against CIA involvement among Cubans trying to overthrow him and his still young revolution. Matters came to a head that April, when the Kennedy Administration moved beyond soft measures to direct action. From April 17-20, 1,400 CIA-trained Cuban exiles landed on the beaches of Western Cuba in an attempt to overthrow Castro. This plan, known as the "Bay of Pigs," had been originally drafted by the Eisenhower Administration. The exiles landed in Cuba and were expected to be greeted by anti-Castro forces within the country, after which the U.S. would provide air reinforcement to the rebels and the Castro regime would slowly be overthrown. From the onset, almost every phase of the operation went wrong. Ships were prevented from reaching shore by reefs previously thought to be seaweed beds on the basis of U-2 photographs. Antiquated American bombers missed a high percentage of their targets, and with American involvement already apparent to the world, the second round of air attacks was cancelled. Most of those who reached the beach in the land invasion were killed or captured, and the United States suffered immeasurable embarrassment on the international stage. On April 21st, in a White House press conference, President Kennedy accepted full responsibility for the failure, and over the following year, the U.S. and Cuba negotiated the release of the imprisoned exiles, who were finally released in December of 1962 in exchange for $55.5 million worth of food and medicine. The aborted invasion also became a nationalistic rallying cry for Castro, helping to consolidate public support in favor of his revolutionary government. According to some, the invasion's famous name comes from a mistranslation for a type of fish found in the bay where the landing eventually occurred: the "Cochinos." Regardless, the Bay of Pigs is viewed historically as one of the most ill-conceived and poorly executed covert paramilitary actions in the history of the United States, or as one historian put it, "the ultimate symbol of boneheaded interventionism." More importantly, the failed invasion motivated Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev to attempt to place medium range nuclear missiles in Cuba, due not only to his questioning of Kennedy's resolve but also to placate the concerns of Castro following the failed Bay of Pigs invasion. That would ultimately lead to the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, arguably the closest the Cold War came to becoming a nuclear Armageddon.
A Failed Vision Of Empire
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Author : Daniel J. Burge
language : en
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
Release Date : 2022-05
A Failed Vision Of Empire written by Daniel J. Burge and has been published by U of Nebraska Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05 with History categories.
Since the early twentieth century, historians have traditionally defined manifest destiny as the belief that the United States was destined to expand from coast to coast. This generation of historians has posed manifest destiny as a unifying ideology of the nineteenth century, one that was popular and pervasive and ultimately fulfilled in the late 1840s when the United States acquired the Pacific Coast. However, the story of manifest destiny was never quite that simple. In A Failed Vision of Empire Daniel J. Burge examines the belief in manifest destiny over the nineteenth century by analyzing contested moments in the continental expansion of the United States, arguing that the ideology was ultimately unsuccessful. By examining speeches, plays, letters, diaries, newspapers, and other sources, Burge reveals how Americans debated the wisdom of expansion, challenged expansionists, and disagreed over what the boundaries of the United States should look like. A Failed Vision of Empire is the first work to capture the messy, complicated, and yet far more compelling story of manifest destiny’s failure, debunking in the process one of the most pervasive myths of modern American history.
American Invasions
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Author : Rocky M Mirza Ph D
language : en
Publisher: Trafford Publishing
Release Date : 2010-08
American Invasions written by Rocky M Mirza Ph D and has been published by Trafford Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08 with History categories.
American Invasions: Canada to Afghanistan, 1775 to 2010 is a thought-provoking analysis of the reasons for American invasions and warmongering over the last two centuries. Contrary to the views expressed by the Western media and Western historians the American Empire is not a force for the promotion of free thinking and democracy but instead a force for imperial conquests and imposed dictatorships through the use of a military-industrial complex, fed by the American Empire outspending the rest of the world combined, on weapons of mass destruction. The American Empire has used and will continue to use the most sophisticated weapons, from nuclear bombs to bunker-busting bombs to land mines to chemical and biological weapons, on defenseless men, women, and children to feed its insatiable appetite for warmongering and imperial expansion. It combines military bases around the world with military prisons used for torture and extraction of information. Its navy patrols every corner of the globe, and its planes can rain down bombs from the heavens on every civilian on the planet.
Encyclopedia Of Evolutionary Biology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-04-14
Encyclopedia Of Evolutionary Biology written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-14 with Science categories.
Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology, Four Volume Set is the definitive go-to reference in the field of evolutionary biology. It provides a fully comprehensive review of the field in an easy to search structure. Under the collective leadership of fifteen distinguished section editors, it is comprised of articles written by leading experts in the field, providing a full review of the current status of each topic. The articles are up-to-date and fully illustrated with in-text references that allow readers to easily access primary literature. While all entries are authoritative and valuable to those with advanced understanding of evolutionary biology, they are also intended to be accessible to both advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Broad topics include the history of evolutionary biology, population genetics, quantitative genetics; speciation, life history evolution, evolution of sex and mating systems, evolutionary biogeography, evolutionary developmental biology, molecular and genome evolution, coevolution, phylogenetic methods, microbial evolution, diversification of plants and fungi, diversification of animals, and applied evolution. Presents fully comprehensive content, allowing easy access to fundamental information and links to primary research Contains concise articles by leading experts in the field that ensures current coverage of each topic Provides ancillary learning tools like tables, illustrations, and multimedia features to assist with the comprehension process