Who S Getting Globalized The Size And Implications Of Intra National Trade Costs
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Who S Getting Globalized
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Author : David G. Atkin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Who S Getting Globalized written by David G. Atkin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Developing countries categories.
How large are the intra-national trade costs that separate consumers in remote locations of developing countries from global markets? What do those barriers imply for the intra-national incidence of the gains from falling international trade barriers? We develop a new methodology for answering these questions and apply it to newly collected CPI micro-data from Ethiopia and Nigeria (as well as to the US). In order to overcome three well-known challenges that arise when using price gaps to estimate trade costs, we: (i) work exclusively with a sample of goods that are identified at the barcode-level (to mitigate bias due to unobserved quality differences over space); (ii) collect novel data on the origin location of each product in our sample (to focus only on the pairs of locations that actually identify trade costs); and (iii) use estimates of cost pass-through to correct for mark-ups that potentially vary over space (to extract trade costs from price variation in an environment with potentially oligopolistic intermediaries). Without these corrections, we find that our estimates of the cost of distance would be biased downwards by a factor of approximately four. Our preferred estimates imply that the effect of log distance on trade costs within Ethiopia or Nigeria is four to five times larger than in the US. We also use our pass-through estimates to calculate the incidence of surplus increases due to falling world prices. We find that intermediaries capture the majority of the surplus, and that their share is even higher in distant locations, suggesting that remote consumers see only a small part of the gains from falling international trade barriers.
Who S Getting Globalized The Size And Implications Of Intra National Trade Costs
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Author : David Atkin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Who S Getting Globalized The Size And Implications Of Intra National Trade Costs written by David Atkin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
How large are the intra-national trade costs that separate consumers in remote locations of developing countries from global markets? What do those barriers imply for the intra-national incidence of the gains from falling international trade barriers? We develop a new methodology for answering these questions and apply it to newly collected CPI micro-data from Ethiopia and Nigeria (as well as to the US). In order to overcome three well-known challenges that arise when using price gaps to estimate trade costs, we: (i) work exclusively with a sample of goods that are identified at the barcode-level (to mitigate bias due to unobserved quality differences over space); (ii) collect novel data on the origin location of each product in our sample (to focus only on the pairs of locations that actually identify trade costs); and (iii) use estimates of cost pass-through to correct for mark-ups that potentially vary over space (to extract trade costs from price variation in an environment with potentially oligopolistic intermediaries). Without these corrections, we find that our estimates of the cost of distance would be biased downwards by a factor of approximately four. Our preferred estimates imply that the effect of log distance on trade costs within Ethiopia or Nigeria is four to five times larger than in the US. We also use our pass-through estimates to calculate the incidence of surplus increases due to falling world prices. We find that intermediaries capture the majority of the surplus, and that their share is even higher in distant locations, suggesting that remote consumers see only a small part of the gains from falling international trade barriers.
Infrastructure S Role In Lowering Asia S Trade Costs
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Author : Douglas H. Brooks
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2009-01-30
Infrastructure S Role In Lowering Asia S Trade Costs written by Douglas H. Brooks and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-30 with Business & Economics categories.
Much of the analysis of infrastructure's impact on trade costs focuses on conditions in developed countries. This book makes an invaluable contribution to our understanding by examining the situation in developing Asia, the world's most populous and fastest growing region. This study analyzes and draws policy implications from infrastructure's central role in lowering Asia's trade costs. Infrastructure is shown to be a cost-effective means of lowering trade costs and thereby promoting regional growth and integration. This book combines thematic and country studies, while breaking new ground in.
The Unequal Effects Of Globalization
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Author : Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2023-08-15
The Unequal Effects Of Globalization written by Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-15 with Business & Economics categories.
From a former Chief Economist of the World Bank, a brief, balanced, and sobering discussion of globalization trends, their drivers, and effects on inequality. The recent retreat from globalization has been triggered by a perception that increased competition from global trade is not fair and leads to increased inequality within countries. Is this phenomenon a small hiccup in the overall wave of globalization, or are we at the beginning of a new era of deglobalization? Former Chief Economist of the World Bank Group Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg tells us that the answer depends on the policy choices we make, and in this book The Unequal Effects of Globalization, she calls for exploring alternative policy approaches including place-based policies, while sustaining international cooperation. At this critical moment of shifting attitudes toward globalization, The Unequal Effects of Globalization enters the debate while also taking a step back. Goldberg investigates globalization’s many dimensions, disruptions, and complex interactions, from the late twentieth century’s wave of trade liberalizations to the rise of China, the decline of manufacturing in advanced economies, and the recent effects of trade on global poverty, inequality, labor markets, and firm dynamics. From there, Goldberg explores the significance of the recent backlash against and potential retreat from globalization and considers the key policy implications of these trends and emerging dynamics. As comprehensive as it is well-balanced, The Unequal Effects of Globalization is an essential read on trade and cooperation between nations that will appeal as much to academics and policymakers as it will to general readers who are interested in learning more about this timely subject.
Markups Quality And Trade Costs
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Author : Natalie Chen
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2020-02-21
Markups Quality And Trade Costs written by Natalie Chen and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-21 with Business & Economics categories.
We investigate theoretically and empirically how exporters adjust their markups across destinations depending on bilateral distance, tariffs, and the quality of their exports. Under the assumption that trade costs are both ad valorem and per unit, our model predicts that markups rise with distance and fall with tariffs, but these effects are heterogeneous and are smaller in magnitude for higher quality exports. We find strong support for the predictions of the model using a unique data set of Argentinean firm-level wine exports combined with experts wine ratings as a measure of quality.
The Distributional Impacts Of Trade
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Author : Jakob Engel
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2021-06-09
The Distributional Impacts Of Trade written by Jakob Engel and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-09 with Business & Economics categories.
Trade is a well-established driver of growth and poverty reduction.But changes in trade policy also have distributional impacts that create winners and losers. It is vital to understand and clearly communicate how trade affects economic well-being across all segments of the population, as well as how policies can more effectively ensure that the gains from trade are distributed more widely. The Distributional Impacts of Trade: Empirical Innovations, Analytical Tools, and Policy Responses provides a deeper understanding of the distributional effects of trade across regions, industries, and demographic groups within countries over time. It includes an overview (chapter 1); a review of innovations in empirical and theoretical work covering the impacts of trade at the subnational level (chapter 2); highlights from empirical case studies on Bangladesh, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, and Sri Lanka (chapter 3); and a policy agenda to improve distributional outcomes from trade (chapter 4). This book comes at a time when the shock from COVID-19 (coronavirus) adds to an already uncertain trade policy environment in which the value of the multilateral trading system has been under increased scrutiny. A better understanding of how trade affects distributional outcomes can lead to more inclusive policies and support the ability of countries to maximize broad-based benefits from trade.
Trade And Inclusive Growth
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-03-12
Trade And Inclusive Growth written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-12 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper surveys the literature on the relationship between international trade and inclusive growth. It examines claims that the rise in inequality in many countries can be attributed to the concurrent rise in trade competition, especially from EMEs like China, spurring trade tensions and protectionist measures. The paper investigates the conflicting literature showing the aggregate benefits of trade versus the adverse and persistent impact of trade, especially import competition, on specific industries and local communities. The paper then reviews the evidence for using trade policies and other complementary policies for adjustment and compensation to those groups adversely affected by trade.
The Economics Of Developing And Emerging Markets
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Author : Charles van Marrewijk
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2022-11-30
The Economics Of Developing And Emerging Markets written by Charles van Marrewijk and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-30 with Business & Economics categories.
Explains the rising importance of emerging markets to give a better understanding of current development challenges.
Emerging Issues In Economics And Development
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Author : Musa Jega Ibrahim
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2017-09-13
Emerging Issues In Economics And Development written by Musa Jega Ibrahim and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-13 with Business & Economics categories.
Economics is about understanding the rational behaviour of economic agents (households, firms, industries and government) in their decisions to achieve best outcomes of their goals and aspirations. They collectively converge to achieve the utmost economic and social benefits for all in the country in terms of economic growth and development. Economic growth and development occur through efficient use of available resources to meet effective demand and social needs. The challenge that countries are facing is proper application of appropriate policy mix to optimize the opportunities of increasingly interdependent global economic landscape. For emerging economies, a multiple sector strategy that propels economic transformation is crucial. This needs to be predicated on robust macroeconomic policy framework that aligns with global production and consumption activities to drive economic growth process for achieving sustainable development.
World Development Report 2020
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2019-11-19
World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-19 with Business & Economics categories.
Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.