Why Is Unemployment So High At Full Capacity The Persistence Of Unemployment The Natural Rate And Potential Output In The Federal Republic Of Germany
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Why Is Unemployment So High At Full Capacity The Persistence Of Unemployment The Natural Rate And Potential Output In The Federal Republic Of Germany
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Author : Mr.David T. Coe
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1990-10-01
Why Is Unemployment So High At Full Capacity The Persistence Of Unemployment The Natural Rate And Potential Output In The Federal Republic Of Germany written by Mr.David T. Coe and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-10-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The empirical analysis indicates that in the Federal Republic the unemployed primarily influence the relationship between the level of real wages and productivity, rather than the growth of wages. This result suggests a distinction between an equilibrium natural rate of unemployment, which is estimated to have been 3-4 percent in the 1980s, and a quasi-equilibrium unemployment rate closer to actual rates of 7-8 percent. Corresponding to these two concepts of equilibrium unemployment, estimates are presented of alternative concepts of potential output that differ according to whether labor input is consistent with the quasi-equilibrium rate of unemployment or with the natural rate of unemployment.
United Germany
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Author : Mr.Robert J. Corker
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1995-06-14
United Germany written by Mr.Robert J. Corker and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-06-14 with Business & Economics categories.
This papers reviews economic and financial developments in Germany since its reunification nearly five years ago; and analyzes some critical issues that have featured prominently in the policy debate over this period and are likely to continue attracting attention in the years ahead.
German Unification
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1990-12-04
German Unification written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-12-04 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper discusses comparison of economic and social indicators in the year 1988 between Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and German Democratic Republic (GDR). The budgetary costs of unification will be substantially larger than initially envisaged. Moreover, if one adds to the budget the increases in government debt related to equalization paper, a portion of the old enterprise debt on the books of the banks. The Trust Fund has been assigned a task or enormous scope and complexity: the privatization, restructuring, and in some cases, liquidation of 8000 enterprises with 4 million employees. Even taking care of the short-run financial problems of these enterprises has proved daunting; the more fundamental task will be near impossible to achieve with any rapidity. It is clearly essential to the success of economic integration that capital allow east rather than labor flowing west and that income growth and new opportunities arc enough to meet reasonable aspirations on the pan of the residents of East Germany.
International Bibliography Of The Social Sciences
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Author : British Library of Political and Economic Science
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1992
International Bibliography Of The Social Sciences written by British Library of Political and Economic Science and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Business & Economics categories.
The IBSS is the essential tool for librarians, university departments, research institutions and any public or private institution whose work requires access to up-to-date and comprehenisve knowledge of the social sciences.
Imf Staff Papers
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1993-01-01
Imf Staff Papers written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper assesses alternative auction techniques for pricing and allocating various financial instruments, such as government securities, central bank refinance credit, and foreign exchange. Before recommending appropriate formats for auctioning these items, the paper discusses basic auction formats, assessing the advantages and disadvantages of each, based on the existing, mostly theoretical, literature. It is noted that auction techniques can be usefully employed for a broad range of items and that their application is of particular relevance to the impetus in many parts of the world toward establishing market-oriented economies.
Selective Government Interventions And Economic Growth
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Author : Mr.Jonathan David Ostry
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1993-11-01
Selective Government Interventions And Economic Growth written by Mr.Jonathan David Ostry and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Since the mid-1980s, New Zealand has been engaged in a broad-ranging economic reform program--involving liberalization of key sectors of the economy, reduction in trade protection, and trimming of the public sector--in order to restructure its economy and stimulate growth. With growth performance having been rather lackluster in recent years, questions have been raised as to whether a more interventionist approach--such as that followed by some Asian countries--might be warranted in order to place the economy on a higher growth path. A review of the empirical literature dealing with the experience of the dynamic Asian economies does not suggest that their success can be attributed to any significant degree to selective government interventions.
Imf Working Paper
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Imf Working Paper written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Finance categories.
German And American Wage And Price Dynamics
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Author : Wolfgang Franz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
German And American Wage And Price Dynamics written by Wolfgang Franz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Inflation (Finance) categories.
The evolution of unemployment in West Germany and the U. S. stands in sharp contrast, with German unemployment much lower from 1960 to the early 19705 but substantially higher from 1984 to 1988. This paper provides a framework for examining the relationship between inflation and unemployment that sheds light on these developments. The theoretical section develops a new nonstructural model of wage and Price adjustment that integrates severa! concepts that have often been treated separately, including Phillips curve "level effects," hysteresis "change effects," the error-correction mechanism, and the role of changes in labor's share that act as a supply shock. The empirical analysis reaches rwo striking conclusions. First, during 1973-90coefficients in our German wage equations arc remarkably similar to those in the U.S., with almost identical estimates of the Phillips curve slope, of the hysteresis effect, and of the NAIRU. The two countries also share similar inflation behavior, in that inflation depends more closely on the capacity utilization rate than on the unemployment rate, The big difference berween the two countries is that there is no feedback from wages to prices in Germany, and so high unemployment does not put downward pressure on the inflation rate. During the 19705 and 19805 in Germany there emerged a growing mismatch between the labor market and industrial capacity, so that the unemployment rate consistent with the mean (constant-inflation) utilization rate ("MURU") increased sharply, while in the U. S. the MURU was relatively stable. The German utilization rate in late 1990was about 90 percent, considerably higher than the estimated MURU of 85 percent. Accordingly, we conclude that the Bundesbank was appropriately concerned about the acceleration of inflation implied by the tight product market of that period.
Index To International Statistics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Index To International Statistics written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with International agencies categories.
Oecd Economic Surveys
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Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Oecd Economic Surveys written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Germany categories.