Why Society Is A Complex Matter

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Why Society Is A Complex Matter

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Author : Philip Ball
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-06-09

Why Society Is A Complex Matter written by Philip Ball and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-09 with Science categories.

Society is complicated. But this book argues that this does not place it beyond the reach of a science that can help to explain and perhaps even to predict social behaviour. As a system made up of many interacting agents – people, groups, institutions and governments, as well as physical and technological structures such as roads and computer networks – society can be regarded as a complex system. In recent years, scientists have made great progress in understanding how such complex systems operate, ranging from animal populations to earthquakes and weather. These systems show behaviours that cannot be predicted or intuited by focusing on the individual components, but which emerge spontaneously as a consequence of their interactions: they are said to be ‘self-organized’. Attempts to direct or manage such emergent properties generally reveal that ‘top-down’ approaches, which try to dictate a particular outcome, are ineffectual, and that what is needed instead is a ‘bottom-up’ approach that aims to guide self-organization towards desirable states. This book shows how some of these ideas from the science of complexity can be applied to the study and management of social phenomena, including traffic flow, economic markets, opinion formation and the growth and structure of cities. Building on these successes, the book argues that the complex-systems view of the social sciences has now matured sufficiently for it to be possible, desirable and perhaps essential to attempt a grander objective: to integrate these efforts into a unified scheme for studying, understanding and ultimately predicting what happens in the world we have made. Such a scheme would require the mobilization and collaboration of many different research communities, and would allow society and its interactions with the physical environment to be explored through realistic models and large-scale data collection and analysis. It should enable us to find new and effective solutions to major global problems such as conflict, disease, financial instability, environmental despoliation and poverty, while avoiding unintended policy consequences. It could give us the foresight to anticipate and ameliorate crises, and to begin tackling some of the most intractable problems of the twenty-first century.

Complex Society In The Middle Of A Middle World

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Author : Bojan Radej
language : en
Publisher: Vernon Press
Release Date : 2021-04-06

Complex Society In The Middle Of A Middle World written by Bojan Radej and has been published by Vernon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-06 with Social Science categories.

The decreasing capacity to govern complex social processes results in negative trends that breach system thresholds in all main social domains with extreme economic stratification of society. Independent studies steadily report that a strong majority of the world’s population, between 60% and 80%, already feels excluded and no longer represented by their governments. The two prevailing concepts of complexity seem to overlook the central importance of mesoscopic complexity. Socially complex conditions call for a new kind of social thought specifically developed for a blinded generation that must be as different from modern and postmodern thoughts, as they were different from their middle-age precedents. 'Complex Society: In the Middle of a Middle World', addresses the concerns of the excluded majority by explaining how present complex social conditions work in favor of generational aspirations to achieve a more positive future. In the geometry of thinking, a complex matter is not comprehensible objectively, but only by evaluating overlaps between complexity domains on their periphery, which is in the area of their inconsistencies. The book first develops an evaluative methodology for studying complex social matters and then tests it with three case studies that reflect some of the most pressing problems in contemporary societies: aggregation problem, integration problem, and organization problem. The obtained findings give grounds for the depiction of an outline for the ‘anti-postmodern’ ordering of contemporary societies. This ground-breaking text will be of particular interest for graduate and post-graduate level of social sciences, evaluators of project, program and policy impact evaluation, evaluators of philosophy of science, as well as methodologists of social research and public governance.

Complex Systems And Society

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Author : Nicola Bellomo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-05-24

Complex Systems And Society written by Nicola Bellomo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-24 with Mathematics categories.

This work aims to foster the interdisciplinary dialogue between mathematicians and socio-economic scientists. Interaction among scholars and practitioners traditionally coming from different research areas is necessary more than ever in order to better understand many real-world problems we face today. On the one hand, mathematicians need economists and social scientists to better address the methodologies they design in a more realistic way; on the other hand, economists and social scientists need to be aware of sound mathematical modelling tools in order to understand and, ultimately, solve the complex problems they encounter in their research. With this goal in mind, this work is designed to take into account a multidisciplinary approach that will encourage the transfer of knowledge, ideas, and methodology from one discipline to the other. In particular, the work has three main themes: Demystifying and unravelling complex systems; Introducing models of individual behaviours in the social and economic sciences; Modelling socio-economic sciences as complex living systems. Specific tools examined in the work include a recently developed modelling approach using stochastic game theory within the framework of statistical mechanics and progressing up to modeling Darwinian evolution. Special attention is also devoted to social network theory as a fundamental instrument for the understanding of socio-economic systems.​

Superiority And Subordination As Subject Matter Of Sociology

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Author : Georg Simmel
language : en
Publisher: DigiCat
Release Date : 2022-09-15

Superiority And Subordination As Subject Matter Of Sociology written by Georg Simmel and has been published by DigiCat this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-15 with Nature categories.

"Superiority and Subordination as Subject-Matter of Sociology" is an essay by the German Sociologist, philosopher and critic, Georg Simmel. In it, he shows that domination does not lie in the unilateral imposition of the superordinate's will upon the subordinate but that it involves reciprocal action. What appears to be the exercise of absolute power by some and the acquiescence by others is deceptive. Power "conceals an interaction, an exchange . . . . which transforms the pure one-sidedness of superordination and subordination into a sociological form." Thus, the superordinate's action cannot be understood without reference to the subordinate, and vice versa. The action of one can only be analyzed by reference to the action of others, since the two are part of a system of interaction that constrains both.

Thinking In Complexity

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Author : Klaus Mainzer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11

Thinking In Complexity written by Klaus Mainzer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.

Complexity and nonlinearity are prominent features in the evolution of matter, life, and human society. Even our mind seems to be governed by the nonlinear dynamics of the complex networks in our brain. This book considers complex systems in the physical and biological sciences, cognitive and computer sciences, social and economic sciences, and philosophy and history of science. An in terdisciplinary methodology is introduced to explain the emergence of order in nature and mind and in the econ omy and society by common principles. These methods are sometimes said to foreshadow the new sciences of complexity characterizing the scientific deve10pment of the 21 st century. The book critically an alyzes the successes and limits of this approach, its sys tematic foundations, and its historical and philosophical background. An epilogue discusses new standards of eth ical behavior which are demanded by the complex prob lems of nature and mind, economy and society.

Dynamic Sociology

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Author : Lester Frank Ward
language : en
Publisher: New York : Greenwood Press, 1968 [c1911]
Release Date : 1968

Dynamic Sociology written by Lester Frank Ward and has been published by New York : Greenwood Press, 1968 [c1911] this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with Social Science categories.

The era of teleological or artificial progress has not yet begun. It may never begin, but, until it does so, society is as liable to succumb to an adverse wave of reaction, and suffer extinction, as is any race or species of animals or plants; and we know that this is constantly occurring. To overcome these manifold hindrances to human progress, to check this enormous waste of resources, to calm these rhythmic billows of hyper-action and reaction, to secure the rational adaptation of means to remote ends, to prevent the natural forces from clashing with the human feelings, to make the current of physical phenomena flow in the channels of human advantage -- these are some of the tasks which belong to the great art which forms the final or active department of the science of society -- this, in brief, is dynamic sociology. - Introduction.

Thinking In Complexity

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Author : Klaus Mainzer
language : en
Publisher: Copernicus
Release Date : 1994

Thinking In Complexity written by Klaus Mainzer and has been published by Copernicus this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Complexity (Philosophy) categories.

Parallel Algorithms In Computational Science And Engineering

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Author : Ananth Grama
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-06

Parallel Algorithms In Computational Science And Engineering written by Ananth Grama and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-06 with Computers categories.

This contributed volume highlights two areas of fundamental interest in high-performance computing: core algorithms for important kernels and computationally demanding applications. The first few chapters explore algorithms, numerical techniques, and their parallel formulations for a variety of kernels that arise in applications. The rest of the volume focuses on state-of-the-art applications from diverse domains. By structuring the volume around these two areas, it presents a comprehensive view of the application landscape for high-performance computing, while also enabling readers to develop new applications using the kernels. Readers will learn how to choose the most suitable parallel algorithms for any given application, ensuring that theory and practicality are clearly connected. Applications using these techniques are illustrated in detail, including: Computational materials science and engineering Computational cardiovascular analysis Multiscale analysis of wind turbines and turbomachinery Weather forecasting Machine learning techniques Parallel Algorithms in Computational Science and Engineering will be an ideal reference for applied mathematicians, engineers, computer scientists, and other researchers who utilize high-performance computing in their work.

Social Emergence

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Author : R. Keith Sawyer
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2005-10-27

Social Emergence written by R. Keith Sawyer and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-10-27 with Philosophy categories.

This book argues that societies are complex dynamical systems that can be understood through the concept of emergence.

Human Behaviour

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Author : Jill Ford
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2015-06-19

Human Behaviour written by Jill Ford and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-19 with Psychology categories.

Originally published in 1983, this clear-sighted study built an understanding of what human behaviour meant at the time: an understanding which can still be of practical use for those who work with people in their everyday lives today. The various influences on the individual are carefully examined, with theoretical approaches from different standpoints considered in relation to one another, from the development of the personality and behaviour patterns to the effect of family and social life, culminating in the picture of a ‘whole’, responsive person. Relationships are seen to be important, and this is reflected in the selection of material. Ford argues that it is the social worker’s role to offer guidance relating to the nature and quality of an individual’s interaction with society, and that this can be done more effectively if there is a practical understanding of how this interaction evolves. Examples of social work practice are given throughout to show how such understandings may be used.