Why Tobacco Lawsuits Are Not A Model
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Why Tobacco Lawsuits Are Not A Model
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Am Cncl on Science, Health
Release Date :
Why Tobacco Lawsuits Are Not A Model written by and has been published by Am Cncl on Science, Health this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Foods Are Not Cigarettes Why Tobacco Lawsuits Are Not A Model For Obesity Lawsuits
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Am Cncl on Science, Health
Release Date :
Foods Are Not Cigarettes Why Tobacco Lawsuits Are Not A Model For Obesity Lawsuits written by and has been published by Am Cncl on Science, Health this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Smoke Filled Rooms
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Author : W. Kip Viscusi
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2010-02-15
Smoke Filled Rooms written by W. Kip Viscusi and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-15 with Law categories.
The 1998 out-of-court settlements of litigation by the states against the cigarette industry totaled $243 billion, making it the largest payoff ever in our civil justice system. Two key questions drove the lawsuits and the attendant settlement: Do smokers understand the risks of smoking? And does smoking impose net financial costs on the states? With Smoke-Filled Rooms,W. Kip Viscusi provides unexpected answers to these questions, drawing on an impressive range of data on several topics central to the smoking policy debate. Based on surveys of smokers in the United States and Spain, for instance, he demonstrates that smokers actually overestimate the dangers of smoking, indicating that they are well aware of the risks involved in their choice to smoke. And while smoking does increase medical costs to the states, Viscusi finds that these costs are more than financially balanced by the premature mortality of smokers, which reduces their demands on state pension and health programs, so that, on average, smoking either pays for itself or generates revenues for the states. Viscusi's eye-opening assessment of the tobacco lawsuits also includes policy recommendations that could frame these debates in a more productive way, such as his suggestion that the FDA should develop a rating system for cigarettes and other tobacco products based on their relative safety, thus providing an incentive for tobacco manufacturers to compete among themselves to produce safer cigarettes. Viscusi's hard look at the facts of smoking and its costs runs against conventional thinking. But it is also necessary for an informed and realistic debate about the legal, financial, and social consequences of the tobacco lawsuits. People making $50,000 or more pay .08 percent of their income in cigarette taxes, but people with incomes of less than $10,000 pay 1.62 percenttwenty times as much. The maintenance crew at the Capitol will bear more of the "sin tax" levied on cigarettes than will members of Congress who voted to boost it. Cigarettes are not a financial drain to the U.S. In fact, they are self-financing, as a consequence of smokers' premature mortality. The general public estimates that 47 out of 100 smokers will die from lung cancer because they smoke. Smokers believe that 40 out of 100 will die of the disease. Scientists estimate the actual number of 100 smokers who will die from lung cancer to be between 7 and 13.
How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Government publications categories.
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Climate Change Liability
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Author : Michael Faure
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2011-01-01
Climate Change Liability written by Michael Faure and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-01 with Science categories.
This book sheds new light on the growing issue of using liability as a tool for both preventing and compensating for the damage caused by climate change. Michael Faure and Marjan Peeters have brought together a selection of expert contributors who explore a variety of both national and European perspectives on the topic. Climate change liability is no longer only a theoretical idea since climate changelitigation has become so hotly debated and this book examines to what extent it can be used for mitigation and adaptation issues. Chapters discuss the potential role of liability within various legal systems, like the national systems of the USA and The Netherlands, but also EU and ECHR law. Liability is outlined in a broad perspective since not only compensation for damage suffered by plaintiffs isdiscussed, but also the need for prevention in order to obtain a reduction of greenhouse gases.
Reducing Tobacco Related Cancer Incidence And Mortality
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2013-04-16
Reducing Tobacco Related Cancer Incidence And Mortality written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-16 with Medical categories.
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in United States, causing more than 440,000 deaths annually and resulting in $193 billion in health-related economic losses each year-$96 billion in direct medical costs and $97 billion in lost productivity. Since the first U.S. Surgeon General's report on smoking in 1964, more than 29 Surgeon General's reports, drawing on data from thousands of studies, have documented the overwhelming and conclusive biologic, epidemiologic, behavioral, and pharmacologic evidence that tobacco use is deadly. This evidence base links tobacco use to the development of multiple types of cancer and other life-threatening conditions, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Smoking accounts for at least 30 percent of all cancer deaths, and 80 percent of lung cancer deaths. Despite the widespread agreement on the dangers of tobacco use and considerable success in reducing tobacco use prevalence from over 40 percent at the time of the 1964 Surgeon General's report to less than 20 percent today, recent progress in reducing tobacco use has slowed. An estimated 18.9 percent of U.S. adults smoke cigarettes, nearly one in four high school seniors smoke, and 13 percent of high school males use smokeless tobacco products. In recognition that progress in combating cancer will not be fully achieved without addressing the tobacco problem, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened a public workshop, Reducing Tobacco-Related Cancer Incidence and Mortality, June 11-12, 2012 in Washington, DC. In opening remarks to the workshop participants, planning committee chair Roy Herbst, professor of medicine and of pharmacology and chief of medical oncology at Yale Cancer Center and Smilow Cancer Hospital, described the goals of the workshop, which were to examine the current obstacles to tobacco control and to discuss potential policy, outreach, and treatment strategies that could overcome these obstacles and reduce tobacco-related cancer incidence and mortality. Experts explored a number of topics, including: the changing demographics of tobacco users and the changing patterns of tobacco product use; the influence of tobacco use on cancer incidence and cancer treatment outcomes; tobacco dependence and cessation programs; federal and state level laws and regulations to curtail tobacco use; tobacco control education, messaging, and advocacy; financial and legal challenges to tobacco control efforts; and research and infrastructure needs to support tobacco control strategies, reduce tobacco related cancer incidence, and improve cancer patient outcomes. Reducing Tobacco-Related Cancer Incidence and Mortality summarizes the workshop.
A Review Of The Global Tobacco Settlement
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
A Review Of The Global Tobacco Settlement written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Business & Economics categories.
The Role Of Environmental Tobacco Smoke In Asthma Induction And Exacerbation In Children And Adults
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Author : Peter N. Lee
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2007
The Role Of Environmental Tobacco Smoke In Asthma Induction And Exacerbation In Children And Adults written by Peter N. Lee and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Asthma categories.
This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of epidemiological and experimental (chamber) studies relating tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure to the induction and exacerbation of asthma in children and adults. Particular attention is given to separating out the roles of maternal smoking in pregnancy and post-natal ETS exposure on the induction of asthma. It is at a level equivalent to that in peer-reviewed academic publications. Previous reviews by the California EPA and by Strachan and Cook reach different views as to whether ETS exposure induces asthma or not. The book is aimed at clarifying the situation by more detailed and more up-to-date investigations.
Tobacco War
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Author : Stanton A. Glantz
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2000
Tobacco War written by Stanton A. Glantz and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Business & Economics categories.
Charting the dramatic and complex history of tobacco politics in California between 1975 and 2000, this text provides a graphic demonstration of the successes and failures of both the tobacco industry and public health forces.
The Cigarette Century
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Author : Allan Brandt
language : en
Publisher: Basic Books
Release Date : 2009-01-06
The Cigarette Century written by Allan Brandt and has been published by Basic Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-06 with History categories.
From agriculture to big business, from medicine to politics, The Cigarette Century is the definitive account of how smoking came to be so deeply implicated in our culture, science, policy, and law. No product has been so heavily promoted or has become so deeply entrenched in American consciousness. The Cigarette Century shows in striking detail how one ephemeral (and largely useless) product came to play such a dominant role in so many aspects of our lives—and deaths.