Wireless Biomedical Sensing

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Wireless Biomedical Sensing

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Author : Vaishnavi Nattar Ranganathan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

Wireless Biomedical Sensing written by Vaishnavi Nattar Ranganathan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.

This work addresses challenges in power delivery, efficient computation and communication to power-constrained wearable and implantable devices. We are surrounded today by over 25 billion smart devices, and this number is constantly increasing. Owing to the shrinking CMOS technology, some of these devices are so small that they can even be worn on the human body or implanted inside it. The sheer number of devices and their drastic minia- turization and integration into the human body posit two major challenges. First, how do we communicate with these numerous small devices? Second, how do we deliver power to them? The wearable or implantable nature of these smart devices only exacerbates these challenges. Since these devices are designed to be worn or implanted, they must be small, comfortable and, most importantly, safe to use. They must be small so that they are dis- crete when worn or can be implanted easily. They must be comfortable so that people can use them for extended periods of time for physiological monitoring, without the devices in- terfering with their normal lifestyle. Finally, they must not cause discomfort by overheating and operate at low power consumption so that they are safe to use. Traditionally, cables were used to power or communicate. However, with the proliferation of smart devices, tethering to communicate with or to recharge them is no longer a practical solution. Bluetooth technology allows some degree of wireless communication with smart devices, but it is a power-hungry technology and thus unsuited for implanted devices. Hence there is a need for reliable communication of data at low power levels. Batteries are currently the most prevalent option for power delivery, but are a less-than-ideal solution. While progress in CMOS technology has reduced size and power consumption of smart devices, the batteries used to power them are still large. With higher energy requirements, larger these batteries become. Even when rechargeable, these batteries have a diminishing eciency over their lifetime of about two to three years. Hence, they are not the best option for powering these billions of devices, especially when they are implanted in the body and need surgery for replacement. One of the solutions to make these devices untethered and battery free is to use wireless power transfer and low-power wireless communication. However, these smart devices used in diverse application have vastly dierent power requirements and communication data rates. Hence, it becomes dicult to standardize ways to wirelessly power and communicate with them. The wireless solutions presented here are applied to two different applications, one wearable and the other implantable, demonstrating the ability to serve diverse requirements. The first application includes a wearable sensing platform that operates with ultra-low power consumption to perform analog sensing of physiological signals and use backscatter communication, which is an ultra-low power communication method, to transmit sensed data. The total power consumption for sensing and communicating data to an external base station is as low as 35 [micro]W to 160 [micro]W. This modular wireless platform is battery- free and can be made in the form of an adhesive bandaid that can sense physiological parameters like heart rate, breathing rate and sense sounds to monitor health conditions. Thus it enables simple, continuous and seamless monitoring of health parameters while a person goes about their everyday tasks. The second application is an implantable platform that can record neural signals from the brain and process them locally to identify events in the signals that can trigger neural stimulations. The requirements for this implantable device are far more complex than the simple wearable application. The implants operate with several 100 mW of power consumption and need several Mbps data rates to transmit the recorded and processed data out to the user. To address the high power and high data rate requirements, this work presents a novel dual-band approach that supports wireless power delivery at high frequency (HF) and backscatter communication at ultra-high frequency (UHF). At the smart implantable device, the dual-band wireless system harvests energy from HF wireless signals while simultaneously communicating data using UHF backscatter. To localize the implant and deliver power to it, a novel low-overhead echolocation method is presented in this work. This method uses reflected parameters on a phased array of wireless power transmitters to locate the wireless device and deliver focussed power to it. The implantable platform is intended for use in two different application domains. First, in neural engineering research where neural interface devices are used to understand, record and map the brain function and to leverage them and develop brain-controlled technology like prosthetic limbs. Second, for treatment and rehabilitation of people suffering from spinal cord injury and chronic neural disorders. An implantable brain-computer-spinal interface (BCSI) is presented in this work, that records neural signals and processes them locally to extract intent. The decoded action intention can be used to trigger stimulation in the spinal cord to reanimate the paralyzed limb and perform the action. In addition, this device is developed as a low-power FPGA-based platform so that it is reconfigurable to enable research in closed-loop algorithms to understand and treat several other neural disorders. We expect that such wireless biomedical sensing can provide a better understanding of physiological parameters and enable treatment for chronic disorders.

Antenna And Sensor Technologies In Modern Medical Applications

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Author : Yahya Rahmat-Samii
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-02-25

Antenna And Sensor Technologies In Modern Medical Applications written by Yahya Rahmat-Samii and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.

A guide to the theory and recent development in the medical use of antenna technology Antenna and Sensor Technologies in Modern Medical Applications offers a comprehensive review of the theoretical background, design, and the latest developments in the application of antenna technology. Written by two experts in the field, the book presents the most recent research in the burgeoning field of wireless medical telemetry and sensing that covers both wearable and implantable antenna and sensor technologies. The authors review the integrated devices that include various types of sensors wired within a wearable garment that can be paired with external devices. The text covers important developments in sensor-integrated clothing that are synonymous with athletic apparel with built-in electronics. Information on implantable devices is also covered. The book explores technologies that utilize both inductive coupling and far field propagation. These include minimally invasive microwave ablation antennas, wireless targeted drug delivery, and much more. This important book: Covers recent developments in wireless medical telemetry Reviews the theory and design of in vitro/in vivo testing Explores emerging technologies in 2D and 3D printing of antenna/sensor fabrication Includes a chapter with an annotated list of the most comprehensive and important references in the field Written for students of engineering and antenna and sensor engineers, Antenna and Sensor Technologies in Modern Medical Applications is an essential guide to understanding human body interaction with antennas and sensors.

Ultra Wideband And 60 Ghz Communications For Biomedical Applications

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Author : Mehmet R. Yuce
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-10-16

Ultra Wideband And 60 Ghz Communications For Biomedical Applications written by Mehmet R. Yuce and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-16 with Medical categories.

​ This book investigates the design of devices, systems, and circuits for medical applications using the two recently established frequency bands: ultra-wideband (3.1-10.6 GHz) and 60 GHz ISM band. These two bands provide the largest bandwidths available for communication technologies and present many attractive opportunities for medical applications. The applications of these bands in healthcare are wireless body area network (WBAN), medical imaging, biomedical sensing, wearable and implantable devices, fast medical device connectivity, video data transmission, and vital signs monitoring. The recent technological advances and developments proposed or used in medicine based on these two bands are covered. The book introduces possible solutions and design techniques to efficiently implement these systems in medical environment. All individual chapters are written by leading experts in their fields. Contributions by authors are on various applications of ultra-wideband and the 60 GHz ISM band including circuit implementation, UWB and 60 GHz signal transmission around and in-body, antenna design solution, hardware implementation of body sensors, UWB transceiver design, 60 GHz transceiver design, UWB radar for contactless respiratory monitoring, and ultra-wideband based medical Imaging. The book will be a key resource for medical professionals, bio-medical engineers, and graduate and senior undergraduate students in computer, electrical, electronic and biomedical engineering disciplines.

Biomedical Sensors And Smart Sensing

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Author : Ayan Kumar Panja
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2022-06-02

Biomedical Sensors And Smart Sensing written by Ayan Kumar Panja and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Biomedical Sensors and Smart Sensing: A Beginner’s Guide, a book in the 10-volume Primers in Biomedical Imaging Devices and Systems series, covers a wide range of interdisciplinary applications in imaging modalities, nuclear medicine, computed tomographic systems, x-ray systems, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and virtual reality. The series explores the essential fundamental techniques required to analyze and process signals and images for diagnosis, scientific discovery and medical applications. Volumes in this series cover a wide range of interdisciplinary areas, combining foundational content with practical case studies to demonstrate the applications of these technologies in real-world situations. In addition, the 10-volume series considers various medical devices, electronics, circuits, sensors and algorithms. Several applications ranging from basic biological science to clinical practice are included to facilitate ongoing research. Covers a variety of sensing and signal processing techniques Introduces different approaches relating to communication and intelligent data processing for early detection and prediction of diseases Includes practical case studies

Wireless Health

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Author : Honggang Wang
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-11-25

Wireless Health written by Honggang Wang and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-25 with Computers categories.

This book provides a candid assessment and practical knowledge about the current technological advancements of the wireless healthcare system. This book presents the competencies of modeling e-health framework, medical wireless body sensor networks, communication technologies for mobile health, nanotechnology innovations in medicine, security issues for medical records, personalized services in healthcare applications, and Big Data for wireless health. This book covers multiple research perspectives in order to address the strong need for interdisciplinary research in the area of wireless health, such as the interactive research among biomedical sensor technology, intelligent textiles and advanced wireless network technology. The interactions involve experts from multidisciplinary fields including medical, information technology and computing fields. Designed as a study tool for graduate students, researchers, and medical professionals, this book is also valuable for business managers, entrepreneurs, and investors within the medical and healthcare industries. It is useful for anyone who cares about the future opportunities in healthcare systems.

Interfacing Bioelectronics And Biomedical Sensing

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Author : Hung Cao
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-02-13

Interfacing Bioelectronics And Biomedical Sensing written by Hung Cao and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book addresses the fundamental challenges underlying bioelectronics and tissue interface for clinical investigation. Appropriate for biomedical engineers and researchers, the authors cover topics ranging from retinal implants to restore vision, implantable circuits for neural implants, and intravascular electrochemical impedance to detect unstable plaques. In addition to these chapters, the authors also document the approaches and issues of multi-scale physiological assessment and monitoring in both humans and animal models for health monitoring and biological investigations; novel biomaterials such as conductive and biodegradable polymers to be used in biomedical devices; and the optimization of wireless power transfer via inductive coupling for batteryless and wireless implantable medical devices. In addition to engineers and researchers, this book is also an ideal supplementary or reference book for a number of courses in biomedical engineering programs, such as bioinstrumentation, MEMS/BioMEMS, bioelectronics and sensors, and more. Analyzes and discusses the electrode-tissue interfaces for optimization of biomedical devices. Introduces novel biomaterials to be used in next-generation biomedical devices. Discusses high-frequency transducers for biomedical applications.

Implantable Sensors And Systems

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Author : Guang-Zhong Yang
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-03-27

Implantable Sensors And Systems written by Guang-Zhong Yang and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-27 with Computers categories.

Implantable sensing, whether used for transient or long-term monitoring of in vivo physiological, bio-electrical, bio-chemical and metabolic changes, is a rapidly advancing field of research and development. Underpinned by increasingly small, smart and energy efficient designs, they become an integral part of surgical prostheses or implants for both acute and chronic conditions, supporting optimised, context aware sensing, feedback, or stimulation with due consideration of system level impact. From sensor design, fabrication, on-node processing with application specific integrated circuits, to power optimisation, wireless data paths and security, this book provides a detailed explanation of both the theories and practical considerations of developing novel implantable sensors. Other topics covered by the book include sensor embodiment and flexible electronics, implantable optical sensors and power harvesting. Implantable Sensors and Systems – from Theory to Practice is an important reference for those working in the field of medical devices. The structure of the book is carefully prepared so that it can also be used as an introductory reference for those about to enter into this exciting research and developing field.

Custom Biomedical Sensors For Application In Wireless Body Area Networks And Medical Device Integration Frameworks

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Author : Kejia Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

Custom Biomedical Sensors For Application In Wireless Body Area Networks And Medical Device Integration Frameworks written by Kejia Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

The U.S. health care system is one of the most advanced and costly systems in the world. The health services supply/demand gap is being enlarged by the aging population coupled with shortages in the traditional health care workforce and new information technology workers. This will not change if the current medical system adheres to the traditional hospital-centered model. One promising solution is to incorporate patient-centered, point-of-care test systems that promote proactive and preventive care by utilizing technology advancements in sensors, devices, communication standards, engineering systems, and information infrastructures. Biomedical devices optimized for home and mobile health care environments will drive this transition. This dissertation documents research and development focused on biomedical device design for this purpose (including a wearable wireless pulse oximeter, motion sensor, and two-thumb electrocardiograph) and, more importantly, their interactions with other medical components, their supporting information infrastructures, and processing tools that illustrate the effectiveness of their data. The GumPack concept and prototype introduced in Chapter 2 addresses these aspects, as it is a sensor-laden device, a host for a local body area network (BAN), a portal to external integration frameworks, and a data processing platform. GumPack sensor-component design (Chapters 3 and 4) is oriented toward surface applications (e.g., touch and measure), an everyday-carry form factor, and reconfigurability. Onboard tagging technology (Chapters 5 and 6) enhances sensor functionality by providing, e.g., a signal quality index and confidence coefficient for itself and/or next-tier medical components (e.g., a hub). Sensor interaction and integration work includes applications based on the GumPack design (Chapters 7 through 9) and the Medical Device Coordination Framework (Chapters 10 through 12). A high-resolution, wireless BAN is presented in Chapter 8, followed by a new physiological use case for pulse wave velocity estimation in Chapter 9. The collaborative MDCF work is transitioned to a web-based Hospital Information Integration System (Chapter 11) by employing database, AJAX, and Java Servlet technology. Given the preceding sensor designs and the availability of information infrastructures like the MDCF, medical platform-oriented devices (Chapter 12) could be an innovative and efficient way to design medical devices for hospital and home health care applications.

Medical And Biological Microwave Sensors And Systems

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Author : Isar Mostafanezhad
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-12-07

Medical And Biological Microwave Sensors And Systems written by Isar Mostafanezhad and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.

In this comprehensive work, experts in the field detail recent advances in medical and biological microwave sensors and systems, with chapters on topics such as implantable sensors, wearable microwave tags, and UWB technology. Each chapter explores the theory behind the technology, as well as its design and implementation. This is supported by practical examples and details of experimental results, along with discussion of system design, design trade-offs, and possible constraints and manufacturing issues. Applications described include intracranial pressure monitoring, vital signs monitoring, and non-invasive molecular and cellular investigations. Presenting new research and advances in the field, and focusing on the state of the art in medical and biological microwave sensors, this work is an invaluable resource for enthusiastic researchers and practicing engineers in the fields of electrical engineering, biomedical engineering, and medical physics.

Mems Based Wireless Sensing And Therapeutic Systems For Biomedical Applications

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Author : Praveen Pandojirao-Sunkojirao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Mems Based Wireless Sensing And Therapeutic Systems For Biomedical Applications written by Praveen Pandojirao-Sunkojirao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Biomedical engineering categories.

Miniaturized devices in vivo for accurate diagnosis and prognosis in therapy to detect various physiological parameters inside human body have been a goal for efficient healthcare. In this perspective, microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices providing small size features and new transduction functions benefit such biomedical applications. The features in MEMS devices also allow integration of CMOS circuitry and wireless communication for electronic control as well as actuation functionalities for driving mechanical parts for scanning, moving and probing. In this work, feasibility studies for two novel sensing systems: an in vivo optical fiber based spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system and a passive wireless pressure sensor, having potential applications in diagnosis and therapy for gastrointestinal (GI) disorders have been proposed and demonstrated. Spectral OCT is a noninvasive imaging system and has several advantages such as high penetration depths, cross sectional imaging and micrometer resolution into the tissues. OCT can provide virtual biopsy into the depth of the tissues and 3-D visualization of the cells. Spectral OCT provides fast scanning and high resolution for the tissues. In our design, an improved scanner using electromagnetic actuation for fiber-based OCT systems has been demonstrated. The optical fiber provides small features allowing in vivo applications inside human body using conventional endoscopes. This system employs external electromagnetic actuation making it very small for in vivo uses without the requirement of electrical connection from outside to the scanner. Cantilevers coated with various non-magnetized ferromagnetic materials and actuated by external magnetic fields were designed and characterized to demonstrate the feasibility for remote scanning. Finite element analysis and analytic solutions were developed to design and characterize the designs of the scanner. Different magnetic materials such as cobalt, iron and nickel submicron-scale powders were used to demonstrate the actuation of the imaging systems. Magnetic materials characterized using the magnetic hysteresis curves, magnetic properties and mechanical properties were found to guide design principles for the scanner. Optical experiments were conducted for each device to verify the designs. Plastic cantilevers were coated with a mixture of 50% enamel paint and 50% various ferromagnetic materials. The dynamic measurements were performed under the external excitation of an electromagnet. Experiments with different ferromagnetic materials and different suspended cantilever lengths of 80mm, 70mm, and 60mm were performed to compare with theory. The dynamic displacements and resonant frequencies of the actuation were measured. The results presented could be used to guide designs of magnetically actuated cantilever scanners toward specific requirements in applications. Cobalt coated 80mm long cantilever had the highest scanning distance of 4.96mm while the iron coated 60mm long cantilever had the highest scanning frequency of 16.8Hz with 1mm thick coatings. Imaging feasibility on human tissue was demonstrated using a nickel coated 70mm long cantilever. A scan distance of 1.4mm was obtained with a maximum scanning frequency of 28Hz. For GI manometry, we proposed a novel miniature, passive wireless pressure sensing system on a flexible substrate. The sensor can be incorporated with thin-film metal or biodegradable esophageal stents for therapy and prognosis. Planar variable interdigitated capacitors (IDC) were designed to measure the variations in radial pressures and strains. Encapsulation by a layer of poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) of the sensors made the device elastic, deformable and biocompatible. The flexible IDC was fabricated allowing changes in capacitance due to pressure variations. Capacitance characterization using linear pull test showed that the capacitance of the IDC for a given pull distance remained constant even after repeated cycles. Force characterization showed a sensitivity 0.5pF/N. Radial pressure measurement feasibility was demonstrated using an in vitro system. Pressure sensitivity was found to be 0.1pf/kPa. In an integrated wireless batteryless environment, the sensitivity of the variable IDC induced frequency change was 0.14kHz/kPa. This type of sensor can be easily incorporated in commercial metal stents clinically used or a biodegradable one providing in vivo remote pressure measurements for GI motility. Strain tests using the IDC showed that the sensor is suitable for axial pressure measurements. The sensor can be incorporated with thin-film metal on biodegradable esophageal stents for therapy and prognosis. This allows for monitoring pressure over fixed pre-determined periods of time after which the sensor passes through the digestive system. The use of biodegradable materials thus eliminates the need for additional procedures to remove the sensor and the stent.