Wireless Power Transfer For Combined Sensing And Stimulation In Implantable Biomedical Devices
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Wireless Power Transfer For Combined Sensing And Stimulation In Implantable Biomedical Devices
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Author : Esmaeel Maghsoudloo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Wireless Power Transfer For Combined Sensing And Stimulation In Implantable Biomedical Devices written by Esmaeel Maghsoudloo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Currently, there is a high demand for Headstage and implantable integrated microsystems to study the brain activity of freely moving laboratory mice. Such devices can interface with the central nervous system in both electrical and optical paradigms for stimulating and monitoring neural circuits, which is critical to discover new drugs and therapies against neurological disorders like epilepsy, depression, and Parkinson's disease. Since the implantable systems cannot use a battery with a large capacity as a primary source of energy in long-term experiments, the power consumption of the implantable device is one of the leading challenges of these designs. The first part of this research includes our proposed solution for decreasing the power consumption of the implantable microcircuits. We propose a novel level shifter circuit which converting subthreshold signal levels to super-threshold signal levels at high-speed using ultra low power and a small silicon area, making it well-suited for low-power applications such as wireless sensor networks and implantable medical devices. The proposed circuit introduces a new voltage level shifter topology employing a level-shifting capacitor to increase the range of conversion voltages, while significantly reducing the conversion delay. The proposed circuit achieves a shorter propagation delay and a smaller silicon area for a given operating frequency and power consumption compared to other circuit solutions. Measurement results are presented for the proposed circuit fabricated in a 0.18-mm TSMC CMOS process. The presented circuit can convert a wide range of the input voltages from 330 mV to 1.8 V, and operate over a frequency range of 100-Hz to 100-MHz. It has a propagation delay of 29 ns, and power consumption of 61.5 nW for input signals 0.4 V, at a frequency of 500-kHz, outperforming previous designs. The second part of this research includes our proposed wireless power transfer systems for optogenetic applications. Optogenetics is the combination of the genetic and optical method of excitation, recording, and control of the biological neurons. This system combines multiple technologies such as MEMS and microelectronics to collect and transmit the neuronal signals and to activate an optical stimulator through a wireless link. Since optical stimulators consume more power than electrical stimulators, the interface employs induction power transmission using innovative means instead of the battery with the small capacity as a power source.
Wireless Biomedical Sensing
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Author : Vaishnavi Nattar Ranganathan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Wireless Biomedical Sensing written by Vaishnavi Nattar Ranganathan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
This work addresses challenges in power delivery, efficient computation and communication to power-constrained wearable and implantable devices. We are surrounded today by over 25 billion smart devices, and this number is constantly increasing. Owing to the shrinking CMOS technology, some of these devices are so small that they can even be worn on the human body or implanted inside it. The sheer number of devices and their drastic minia- turization and integration into the human body posit two major challenges. First, how do we communicate with these numerous small devices? Second, how do we deliver power to them? The wearable or implantable nature of these smart devices only exacerbates these challenges. Since these devices are designed to be worn or implanted, they must be small, comfortable and, most importantly, safe to use. They must be small so that they are dis- crete when worn or can be implanted easily. They must be comfortable so that people can use them for extended periods of time for physiological monitoring, without the devices in- terfering with their normal lifestyle. Finally, they must not cause discomfort by overheating and operate at low power consumption so that they are safe to use. Traditionally, cables were used to power or communicate. However, with the proliferation of smart devices, tethering to communicate with or to recharge them is no longer a practical solution. Bluetooth technology allows some degree of wireless communication with smart devices, but it is a power-hungry technology and thus unsuited for implanted devices. Hence there is a need for reliable communication of data at low power levels. Batteries are currently the most prevalent option for power delivery, but are a less-than-ideal solution. While progress in CMOS technology has reduced size and power consumption of smart devices, the batteries used to power them are still large. With higher energy requirements, larger these batteries become. Even when rechargeable, these batteries have a diminishing eciency over their lifetime of about two to three years. Hence, they are not the best option for powering these billions of devices, especially when they are implanted in the body and need surgery for replacement. One of the solutions to make these devices untethered and battery free is to use wireless power transfer and low-power wireless communication. However, these smart devices used in diverse application have vastly dierent power requirements and communication data rates. Hence, it becomes dicult to standardize ways to wirelessly power and communicate with them. The wireless solutions presented here are applied to two different applications, one wearable and the other implantable, demonstrating the ability to serve diverse requirements. The first application includes a wearable sensing platform that operates with ultra-low power consumption to perform analog sensing of physiological signals and use backscatter communication, which is an ultra-low power communication method, to transmit sensed data. The total power consumption for sensing and communicating data to an external base station is as low as 35 [micro]W to 160 [micro]W. This modular wireless platform is battery- free and can be made in the form of an adhesive bandaid that can sense physiological parameters like heart rate, breathing rate and sense sounds to monitor health conditions. Thus it enables simple, continuous and seamless monitoring of health parameters while a person goes about their everyday tasks. The second application is an implantable platform that can record neural signals from the brain and process them locally to identify events in the signals that can trigger neural stimulations. The requirements for this implantable device are far more complex than the simple wearable application. The implants operate with several 100 mW of power consumption and need several Mbps data rates to transmit the recorded and processed data out to the user. To address the high power and high data rate requirements, this work presents a novel dual-band approach that supports wireless power delivery at high frequency (HF) and backscatter communication at ultra-high frequency (UHF). At the smart implantable device, the dual-band wireless system harvests energy from HF wireless signals while simultaneously communicating data using UHF backscatter. To localize the implant and deliver power to it, a novel low-overhead echolocation method is presented in this work. This method uses reflected parameters on a phased array of wireless power transmitters to locate the wireless device and deliver focussed power to it. The implantable platform is intended for use in two different application domains. First, in neural engineering research where neural interface devices are used to understand, record and map the brain function and to leverage them and develop brain-controlled technology like prosthetic limbs. Second, for treatment and rehabilitation of people suffering from spinal cord injury and chronic neural disorders. An implantable brain-computer-spinal interface (BCSI) is presented in this work, that records neural signals and processes them locally to extract intent. The decoded action intention can be used to trigger stimulation in the spinal cord to reanimate the paralyzed limb and perform the action. In addition, this device is developed as a low-power FPGA-based platform so that it is reconfigurable to enable research in closed-loop algorithms to understand and treat several other neural disorders. We expect that such wireless biomedical sensing can provide a better understanding of physiological parameters and enable treatment for chronic disorders.
Wireless Power Supply For Implantable Biomedical Devices
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Author : Ping Si
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Wireless Power Supply For Implantable Biomedical Devices written by Ping Si and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Electric current converters categories.
Antenna And Sensor Technologies In Modern Medical Applications
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Author : Yahya Rahmat-Samii
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-03-16
Antenna And Sensor Technologies In Modern Medical Applications written by Yahya Rahmat-Samii and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-16 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A guide to the theory and recent development in the medical use of antenna technology Antenna and Sensor Technologies in Modern Medical Applications offers a comprehensive review of the theoretical background, design, and the latest developments in the application of antenna technology. Written by two experts in the field, the book presents the most recent research in the burgeoning field of wireless medical telemetry and sensing that covers both wearable and implantable antenna and sensor technologies. The authors review the integrated devices that include various types of sensors wired within a wearable garment that can be paired with external devices. The text covers important developments in sensor-integrated clothing that are synonymous with athletic apparel with built-in electronics. Information on implantable devices is also covered. The book explores technologies that utilize both inductive coupling and far field propagation. These include minimally invasive microwave ablation antennas, wireless targeted drug delivery, and much more. This important book: Covers recent developments in wireless medical telemetry Reviews the theory and design of in vitro/in vivo testing Explores emerging technologies in 2D and 3D printing of antenna/sensor fabrication Includes a chapter with an annotated list of the most comprehensive and important references in the field Written for students of engineering and antenna and sensor engineers, Antenna and Sensor Technologies in Modern Medical Applications is an essential guide to understanding human body interaction with antennas and sensors.
A Multiband Inductive Wireless Link For Implantable Medical Devices And Small Freely Behaving Animal Subjects
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Author : Uei-Ming Jow
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
A Multiband Inductive Wireless Link For Implantable Medical Devices And Small Freely Behaving Animal Subjects written by Uei-Ming Jow and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with BioMEMS. categories.
The objective of this research is to introduce two state-of-the-art wireless biomedical systems: (1) a multiband transcutaneous communication system for implantable microelectronic devices (IMDs) and (2) a new wireless power delivery system, called the "EnerCage," for experiments involving freely-behaving animals. The wireless multiband link for IMDs achieves power transmission via a pair of coils designed for maximum coupling efficiency. The data link is able to handle large communication bandwidth with minimum interference from the power-carrier thanks to its optimized geometry. Wireless data and power links have promising prospects for use in biomedical devices such as biosensors, neural recording, and neural stimulation devices. The EnerCage system includes a stationary unit with an array of coils for inductive power transmission and three-dimensional magnetic sensors for non-line-of-sight tracking of animal subjects. It aims to energize novel biological data-acquisition and stimulation instruments for long-term experiments, without interruption, on freely behaving small animal subjects in large experimental arenas. The EnerCage system has been tested in one-hour in vivo experiment for wireless power and data communication, and the results show the feasibility of this system. The contributions from this research work are summarized as follows: 1. Development of an inductive link model. 2. Development of an accurate PSC models, with parasitic effects for implantable devices. 3. Proposing the design procedure for the inductive link with optimal physical geometry to maximize the PTE. 4. Design of novel antenna and coil geometry for wireless multiband link: power carrier, forward data link, and back telemetry. 5. Development of a model of overlapping PSCs, which can create a homogenous magnetic in a large experimental area for wireless power transmission at a certain coupling distance. 6. Design and optimization for multi-coil link, which can provide optimal load matching for maximum PTE. 7. Design of the wireless power and data communication system for long-term animal experiments, without interruption, on freely behaving small animal subjects in any shape of experimental arenas.
Wireless Power Transfer For Implantable Medical Devices
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Author : Xing Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Wireless Power Transfer For Implantable Medical Devices written by Xing Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Implants, Artificial categories.
Energy Management In Biomedical Applications
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Author : Al-Thaddeus Avestruz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Energy Management In Biomedical Applications written by Al-Thaddeus Avestruz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Wireless health and fitness devices as well as traditional medical devices such as cardiac and neurological implants, skin patch sensors, and automatic drug delivery pumps extend and improve life by providing therapy, monitoring, and diagnostics. They ensure health and safety while promoting prevention and wellness. These devices are found in chronic and acute settings that range from emergency and critical care to personalized health and telemedicine; they accelerate medical research and support data-driven medicine. The push towards the ubiquity of ever smaller devices with more functionality compels power-centric strategies in every aspect of design. Long-term implantables such as neural implants for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and epilepsy traditionally rely on primary cell batteries, which occupy a large portion of the implant volume and when exhausted require a new surgery for replacement. The motivation of the thesis is to reduce the size (weight and volume) and increase the lifetime of neural implants through the use of a smaller rechargeable battery. The two strategies chosen in this thesis are: 1) using a new spread-spectrum wireless power transfer to recharge and ultimately, eliminate the battery through direct powering; 2) reducing power consumption through the use of closed-loop decision and parameterization of electrical stimulation using feedback from neural sensing. The first part of this thesis is the development of spread-spectrum wireless power transfer to deliver power over many frequencies over a uniform single-sided magnetic field, which enables better design of systems with various physical dimensions, lower tissue loss, and less sensitivity to component tolerances, while remaining within the regulatory limits for electromagnetic interference. The investigation encompasses the design of a spread-spectrum transmitter and modulation method that resolves the ostensible paradox of "resonant, yet spread-spectrum", a passive power receiver, and power transfer using a uniform single-sided magnetic field. The second part of this thesis involves the design of a system to amplify and extract the spectral power of neural electrical signals from the brain. From the spectral power, "biomarkers" are extracted to titrate deep brain electrical stimulation to improve therapy and better utilize this functionality that dominates the implant power consumption.
4th International Workshop On Wearable And Implantable Body Sensor Networks Bsn 2007
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Author : Steffen Leonhardt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-05-04
4th International Workshop On Wearable And Implantable Body Sensor Networks Bsn 2007 written by Steffen Leonhardt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book contains papers from the International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks, BSN 2007, held in March 2007 at the University Hospital Aachen, Germany. Topics covered in the volume include new medical measurements, smart bio-sensing textiles, low-power wireless networking, system integration, medical signal processing, multi-sensor data fusion, and on-going standardization activities.
High Performance Wireless Power And Data Transfer Interface For Implantable Medical Devices
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Author : Seyed Abdollah Mirbozorgi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
High Performance Wireless Power And Data Transfer Interface For Implantable Medical Devices written by Seyed Abdollah Mirbozorgi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
In recent years, there has been major progress on implantable biomedical systems that support most of the functionalities of wireless implantable devices. Nevertheless, these devices remain mostly restricted to be commercialized, in part due to weakness of a straightforward design to support the required functionalities, limitation on miniaturization, and lack of a reliable low-power high data rate interface between implants and external devices. This research provides novel strategies on the design of implantable biomedical devices that addresses these limitations by presenting analysis and techniques for wireless power transfer and efficient data transfer. The first part of this research includes our proposed novel resonance-based multicoil inductive power link structure with uniform power distribution to wirelessly power up smart animal research systems and implanted medical devices with high power efficiency and free positioning capability. The proposed structure consists of a multicoil resonance inductive link, which primary resonator array is made of several identical resonators enclosed in a scalable array of overlapping square coils that are connected in parallel and arranged in power surface (2D) and power chamber (3D) configurations. The proposed chamber uses two arrays of primary resonators, facing each other, and connected in parallel to achieve uniform power distribution in 3D. Each surface includes 9 overlapped coils connected in parallel and implemented into two layers of FR4 printed circuit board. The chamber features a natural power localization mechanism, which simplifies its implementation and eases its operation by avoiding the need for active detection of the load location and power control mechanisms. A single power surface based on the proposed approach can provide a power transfer efficiency (PTE) of 69% and a power delivered to the load (PDL) of 120 mW, for a separation distance of 4 cm, whereas the complete chamber prototype provides a uniform PTE of 59% and a PDL of 100 mW in 3D, everywhere inside the chamber with a chamber size of 27×27×16 cm3. The second part of this research includes our proposed novel, fully-integrated, low-power fullduplex transceiver (FDT) to support bi-directional neural interfacing applications (stimulating and recording) with asymmetric data rates: higher rates are required for recording (uplink signals) than stimulation (downlink signals). The transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) share a single antenna to reduce implant size. The TX uses impulse radio ultra-wide band (IR-UWB) based on an edge combining approach, and the RX uses a novel 2.4-GHz on-off keying (OOK) receiver. Proper isolation (> 20 dB) between the TX and RX path is implemented 1) by shaping the transmitted pulses to fall within the unregulated UWB spectrum (3.1-7 GHz), and 2) by space-efficient filtering (avoiding a circulator or diplexer) of the downlink OOK spectrum in the RX low-noise amplifier (LNA). The UWB 3.1-7 GHz transmitter using OOK and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulations at only 10.8 pJ/bit. The proposed FDT provides dual band 500 Mbps TX uplink data rate and 100 Mbps RX downlink data rate. It is fully integrated on standard TSMC 0.18 nm CMOS within a total size of 0.8 mm2. The total power consumption measured 10.4 mW (5 mW for RX and 5.4 mW for TX at the rate of 500 Mbps).
Wireless Power Transfer For Implantable Biomedical Devices Using Adjustable Magnetic Resonance
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Author : Basem M. Badr
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Wireless Power Transfer For Implantable Biomedical Devices Using Adjustable Magnetic Resonance written by Basem M. Badr and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Rodents are essential models for research on fundamental neurological processing and for testing of therapeutic manipulations including drug efficacy studies. Telemetry acquisition from rodents is important in biomedical research and requires a long-term powering method. A wireless power transfer (WPT) scheme is desirable to power the telemetric devices for rodents. This dissertation investigates a WPT system to deliver power from a stationary source (primary coil) to a moving telemetric device (secondary coil) via magnetic resonant coupling. The continuously changing orientation of the rodent leads to coupling loss/problems between the primary and secondary coils, presenting a major challenge. We designed a novel secondary circuit employing ferrite rods placed at specific locations and orientations within the coil. The simulation and experimental results show a significant increase of power transfer using our ferrite arrangement, with improved coupling at most orientations. The use of a medium-ferrite-angled (4MFA) configuration further improved power transfer. Initially, we designed a piezoelectric-based device to harvest the kinetic energy available from the natural movement of the rodent; however, the harvested power was insufficient to power the telemetric devices for the rodents. After designing our 4MFA device, we designed a novel wireless measurement system (WMS) to collect real-time performance data from the secondary circuit while testing WPT systems. This prevents the measurement errors associated with voltage/current probes or coaxial cables placed directly into the primary magnetic field. The maximum total efficiency of our novel WPT is 14.1% when the orientation of the 4MFA is parallel to the primary electromagnetic field, and a current of 2.0 A (peak-to-peak) is applied to the primary coil. We design a novel controllable WPT system to facilitate the use of multiple secondary circuits (telemetric devices) to operate within a single primary coil. Each telemetric device can tune or detune its resonant frequency independently of the others using its internal control algorithm.