Without Hierarchy
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Decisions Without Hierarchy
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Author : Kathleen Iannello
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-06-17
Decisions Without Hierarchy written by Kathleen Iannello and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-17 with Political Science categories.
Decisions Without Hierarchy is based on a two-year examination of three feminist organizations: a peace group, health collective, and business women's group. From these case studies, Iannello constructs a model of organizations that, while structured, is nevertheless non-hierarchical. She terms this organization from the "modified consensus model." Her case studies show that modified consensus does not give way to pressures toward formal hierarchy and that, therefore, the model merits the attention of feminists and organization theorists alike.
Without Hierarchy
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Author : Mariam Thalos
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2013-05-01
Without Hierarchy written by Mariam Thalos and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-01 with Philosophy categories.
A venerable tradition in the metaphysics of science commends ontological reduction: the practice of analysis of theoretical entities into further and further proper parts, with the understanding that the original entity is nothing but the sum of these. This tradition implicitly subscribes to the principle that all the real action of the universe (also referred to as its "causation") happens at the smallest scales-at the scale of microphysics. A vast majority of metaphysicians and philosophers of science, covering a wide swath of the spectrum from reductionists to emergentists, defend this principle. It provides one pillar of the most prominent theory of science, to the effect that the sciences are organized in a hierarchy, according to the scales of measurement occupied by the phenomena they study. On this view, the fundamentality of a science is reckoned inversely to its position on that scale. This venerable tradition has been justly and vigorously countered-in physics, most notably: it is countered in quantum theory, in theories of radiation and superconduction, and most spectacularly in renormalization theories of the structure of matter. But these counters-and the profound revisions they prompt-lie just below the philosophical radar. This book illuminates these counters to the tradition principle, in order to assemble them in support of a vaster (and at its core Aristotelian) philosophical vision of sciences that are not organized within a hierarchy. In so doing, the book articulates the principle that the universe is active at absolutely all scales of measurement. This vision, as the book shows, is warranted by philosophical treatment of cardinal issues in the philosophy of science: fundamentality, causation, scientific innovation, dependence and independence, and the proprieties of explanation.
Coordination Without Hierarchy
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Author : Donald Chisholm
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 1992-09-29
Coordination Without Hierarchy written by Donald Chisholm and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-09-29 with Business & Economics categories.
The organizational history of American government during the past 100 years has been written principally in terms of the creation of larger and larger public organizations. Beginning with the Progressive movement, no matter the goal, the reflexive response has been to consolidate and centralize into formal hierarchies. That efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability, and the coordination necessary to achieve them, are promoted by such reorganizations has become widely accepted. Borrowing from social psychology, sociology, political science, and public administration, and using the public transit system of the San Francisco Bay area for illustrative purposes, Donald Chisholm directly challenges this received wisdom. He argues that, contrary to contemporary canons of public administration, we should actively resist the temptation to consolidate and centralize our public organizations. Rather, we should carefully match organizational design with observed types and levels of interdependence, since organizational systems that on the surface appear to be tightly linked webs of interdependence on closer examination often prove decomposable into relatively simpler subsystems that may be coordinated through decentralized, informal organizational arrangements. Chisholm finds that informal channels between actors at different organizations prove remarkably effective and durable as instruments of coordination. Developed and maintained as needed rather than according to a single preconceived design, informal channels, along with informal conventions and contracts, tend to match interorganization interdependence closely and to facilitate coordination. Relying on such measures reduces the cognitive demands and obviates the necessity for broadscale political agreement typical of coordination by centralized, formal organizations. They also advance other important values that are frequently absent in formally consolidated organizations, such as reliability, flexibility, and the representation of varied interests. Coordination Without Hierarchy is an incisive, penetrating work whose conclusions apply to a wide range of public organizations at all levels of government. It will be of interest to a broad array of social scientists and policymakers. In an earlier version, Coordination Without Hierarchy received the American Political Science Association 1985 Leonard D. White Award for the best doctoral dissertation in the field of public administration, including broadly related problems of policy formation and administrative theory.
Trinity Without Hierarchy
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Author : Micheal F. Bird
language : en
Publisher: Kregel Academic
Release Date : 2019-04-30
Trinity Without Hierarchy written by Micheal F. Bird and has been published by Kregel Academic this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-30 with Religion categories.
A defense of equality among the persons of the Trinity In response to those complementarian theologians who assert that the Son is eternally subordinate to the Father, the contributors to Trinity Without Hierarchy contend that this view misconstrues the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity and reduces the Son to a lower level of glory and majesty than the Father. Surveying Scripture, church history, and theology, sixteen contributors present a defense of the full and equal authority of all three members of the Trinity while critiquing approaches that border on semi-Arianism. In particular, the creedal confessions of Nicaea are upheld as the historical standard by which any proposed Trinitarian doctrine should be judged. While some contributors hold complementarian and others egalitarian viewpoints, all agree that Trinitarian relations are not a proper basis for understanding gender roles. Trinity Without Hierarchy is indispensable reading for anyone interested in the current debate over the relationship between Trinitarian theology and the roles of men and women.
A Civil Society With No Hierarchy
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Author : Ilie Badescu
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
Release Date : 2023-04-24
A Civil Society With No Hierarchy written by Ilie Badescu and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing PLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-24 with Law categories.
Ilie Badescu and Joseph Livni follow the footsteps of two giants who pioneered the field: H. H. Stahl of Romania, who studied the sociology of communal societies, and D. J. Elazar of the United States, who studied the political science of covenantal societies. This collection sheds light on obscure corners of the field, gathering up thoughts and concepts of many other sources of past and contemporary research in the field. In this volume, the reader will find answers to difficult questions like: How did acephalous societies penetrate civilization? How did they manage to preserve their egalitarian ethos? Why did powerful hierarchies work in partnership with them? And, most importantly, how did covenantal societies work around the constraints of a civilized reality? The history of civilization consists of various degrees of stratified configurations ranging from oligarchic city states to powerful pyramidal empires.
Hierarchy In International Relations
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Author : David A. Lake
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2009
Hierarchy In International Relations written by David A. Lake and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Political Science categories.
International relations are generally understood as a realm of anarchy in which countries lack any superior authority and interact within a Hobbesian state of nature. In Hierarchy in International Relations, David A. Lake challenges this traditional view, demonstrating that states exercise authority over one another in international hierarchies that vary historically but are still pervasive today. Revisiting the concepts of authority and sovereignty, Lake offers a novel view of international relations in which states form social contracts that bind both dominant and subordinate members. The resulting hierarchies have significant effects on the foreign policies of states as well as patterns of international conflict and cooperation. Focusing largely on U.S.-led hierarchies in the contemporary world, Lake provides a compelling account of the origins, functions, and limits of political order in the modern international system. The book is a model of clarity in theory, research design, and the use of evidence. Motivated by concerns about the declining international legitimacy of the United States following the Iraq War, Hierarchy in International Relations offers a powerful analytic perspective that has important implications for understanding America's position in the world in the years ahead.
Just Hierarchy
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Author : Daniel A. Bell
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2022-05-10
Just Hierarchy written by Daniel A. Bell and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-10 with Philosophy categories.
A trenchant defense of hierarchy in different spheres of our lives, from the personal to the political All complex and large-scale societies are organized along certain hierarchies, but the concept of hierarchy has become almost taboo in the modern world. Just Hierarchy contends that this stigma is a mistake. In fact, as Daniel Bell and Wang Pei show, it is neither possible nor advisable to do away with social hierarchies. Drawing their arguments from Chinese thought and culture as well as other philosophies and traditions, Bell and Wang ask which forms of hierarchy are justified and how these can serve morally desirable goals. They look at ways of promoting just forms of hierarchy while minimizing the influence of unjust ones, such as those based on race, sex, or caste. Which hierarchical relations are morally justified and why? Bell and Wang argue that it depends on the nature of the social relation and context. Different hierarchical principles ought to govern different kinds of social relations: what justifies hierarchy among intimates is different from what justifies hierarchy among citizens, countries, humans and animals, and humans and intelligent machines. Morally justified hierarchies can and should govern different spheres of our social lives, though these will be very different from the unjust hierarchies that have governed us in the past. A vigorous, systematic defense of hierarchy in the modern world, Just Hierarchy examines how hierarchical social relations can have a useful purpose, not only in personal domains but also in larger political realms.
Natural Language Processing Ijcnlp 2005
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Author : Robert Dale
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-09-30
Natural Language Processing Ijcnlp 2005 written by Robert Dale and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-09-30 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the Second International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, IJCNLP 2005, held in Jeju Island, Korea in October 2005. The 88 revised full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 289 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on information retrieval, corpus-based parsing, Web mining, rule-based parsing, disambiguation, text mining, document analysis, ontology and thesaurus, relation extraction, text classification, transliteration, machine translation, question answering, morphological analysis, text summarization, named entity recognition, linguistic resources and tools, discourse analysis, semantic analysis NLP applications, tagging, language models, spoken language, and terminology mining.
Legal Education And The Reproduction Of Hierarchy
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Author : Duncan Kennedy
language : en
Publisher: NYU Press
Release Date : 2007-03
Legal Education And The Reproduction Of Hierarchy written by Duncan Kennedy and has been published by NYU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-03 with Education categories.
This well-known 'underground' classic critique of legal education is available for the first time in book form. This edition contains commentary by leading legal educations.
The Celestial And Ecclesiastical Hierarchy Of Dionysius The Areopagite
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Author : Pseudo-Dionysius (the Areopagite.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1894
The Celestial And Ecclesiastical Hierarchy Of Dionysius The Areopagite written by Pseudo-Dionysius (the Areopagite.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1894 with Religion categories.