Words Without Objects
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Words Without Objects
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Author : Henry Laycock
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2006-04-06
Words Without Objects written by Henry Laycock and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-06 with Philosophy categories.
A picture of the world as chiefly one of discrete objects, distributed in space and time, has sometimes seemed compelling. It is however one of two main targets of Henry Laycock's book; for it is seriously incomplete. The picture, he argues, leaves no space for stuff like air and water. With discrete objects, we may always ask 'how many?', but with stuff the question has to be 'how much?' Within philosophy, stuff of certain basic kinds is central to the ancient pre-Socratic world-view; but it also constitutes the field of modern chemistry and is a major factor in ecology. Philosophers these days, in general, are unlikely to deny that stuff exists. But they are very likely to deny that it is ('ultimately') to be contrasted with things, and it is on this account that logic and semantics figure largely in the framework of the book. Elementary logic is a logic which takes values for its variables; and these values are precisely distinct individuals or things. Existence is then symbolized in just such terms; and this, it is proposed, creates a pressure for 'reducing' stuff to things. Non-singular expressions, which include words for stuff, 'mass' nouns, and also plural nouns, are 'explicated' as semantically singular. Here then is the second target of the book. The posit that both mass and plural nouns name special categories of objects (set-theoretical 'collections' of objects in the one case, mereological 'parcels' or 'portions' of stuff in the other) represents, so Laycock urges, the imposition of an alien logic upon both the many and the much.
Ontology Without Borders
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Author : Jody Azzouni
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
Ontology Without Borders written by Jody Azzouni and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
A new approach to the metaphysics, background logic, and semantics of ontological debate, Ontology Without Borders offers new solutions to perennial philosophical puzzles about constitution and the nonexistent. Book jacket.
Word And Object
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Author : Willard Van Orman Quine
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2010-12-20
Word And Object written by Willard Van Orman Quine and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-20 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Language consists of dispositions, socially instilled, to respond observably to socially observable stimuli. Such is the point of view from which a noted philosopher and logician examines the notion of meaning and the linguistic mechanisms of objective reference. In the course of the discussion, Professor Quine pinpoints the difficulties involved in translation, brings to light the anomalies and conflicts implicit in our language's referential apparatus, clarifies semantic problems connected with the imputation of existence, and marshals reasons for admitting or repudiating each of various categories of supposed objects. He argues that the notion of a language-transcendent "sentence-meaning" must on the whole be rejected; meaningful studies in the semantics of reference can only be directed toward substantially the same language in which they are conducted.
Formal Ontology In Information Systems
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Author : Antony Galton
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2010
Formal Ontology In Information Systems written by Antony Galton and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Computers categories.
Ontology began life in ancient times as a fundamental part of philosophical enquiry concerned with the analysis and categorisation of what exists. In recent years, the subject has taken a practical turn with the advent of complex computerised information systems which are reliant on robust and coherent representations of their subject matter. The systematisation and elaboration of such representations and their associated reasoning techniques constitute the modern discipline of formal ontology, which is now being applied to such diverse domains as artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, bioinformatics, GIS, knowledge engineering, information retrieval and the Semantic Web. Researchers in all these areas are becoming increasingly aware of the need for serious engagement with ontology, understood as a general theory of the types of entities and relations making up their respective domains of enquiry, to provide a solid foundation for their work. The conference series Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS) provides a meeting point for researchers from these and other disciplines with an interest in formal ontology, where both theoretical issues and concrete applications can be explored in a spirit of genuine interdisciplinarity. This volume contains the proceedings of the sixth FOIS conference, held in Toronto, Canada, during 11-14 May 2010, including invited talks by Francis Jeffry Pelletier, John Bateman, and Alan Rector and the 28 peer-reviewed submissions selected for presentation at the conference, ranging from foundational issues to more application-oriented topics. IOS Press is an international science, technical and medical publisher of high-quality books for academics, scientists, and professionals in all fields. Some of the areas we publish in: -Biomedicine -Oncology -Artificial intelligence -Databases and information systems -Maritime engineering -Nanotechnology -Geoengineering -All aspects of physics -E-governance -E-commerce -The knowledge economy -Urban studies -Arms control -Understanding and responding to terrorism -Medical informatics -Computer Sciences
International Law S Objects
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Author : Jessie Hohmann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
International Law S Objects written by Jessie Hohmann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Law categories.
International law's rich existence in the world can be illuminated by its objects. International law is often developed, conveyed, and authorized through its objects and/or their representation. From the symbolic (the regalia of the head of state and the symbols of sovereignty), to the mundane (a can of dolphin-safe tuna certified as complying with international trade standards), international legal authority can be found in the objects around us. Similarly, the practice of international law often relies on material objects or their image, both as evidence (satellite images, bones of the victims of mass atrocities) and to found authority (for instance, maps and charts). This volume considers these questions: firstly what might the study of international law through objects reveal? What might objects, rather than texts, tell us about sources, recognition of states, construction of territory, law of the sea, or international human rights law? Secondly, what might this scholarly undertaking reveal about the objects-as aims or projects-of international law? How do objects reveal, or perhaps mask, these aims, and what does this tell us about the reasons some (physical or material) objects are foregrounded, and others hidden or ignored. Thirdly what objects, icons, and symbols preoccupy the profession and academy? The personal selection of these objects by leading and emerging scholars worldwide will illuminate the contemporary and historical fascinations of international lawyers. By considering international law in the context of its material culture the authors offer a new and exciting theoretical perspective on the subject. With an image of each object reproduced in full colour, the book will make an engaging and interesting read for scholars, practitioners, and students alike.
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1883
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1883 with categories.
Bulletin Of The Philosophical Society Of Washington Vol 4 1880 81 5 1883
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1883
Bulletin Of The Philosophical Society Of Washington Vol 4 1880 81 5 1883 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1883 with categories.
Bulletin
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Author : Philosophical Society of Washington, Washington, D. C.
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1883
Bulletin written by Philosophical Society of Washington, Washington, D. C. and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1883 with Science categories.
Bulletin Of The Philosophical Society Of Washington
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Author : Philosophical Society of Washington (Washington, D.C.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1881
Bulletin Of The Philosophical Society Of Washington written by Philosophical Society of Washington (Washington, D.C.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1881 with categories.
Language Science And Structure
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Author : Ryan M. Nefdt
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2023
Language Science And Structure written by Ryan M. Nefdt and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with Computers categories.
This work provides a new framework for understanding some of the most profound theories of human language. Ryan M. Nefdt touches on philosophical questions of what languages are, how they evolved and what the science of language should be. He takes insights and results from the natural and formal sciences and translates them into a new domain. His book offers the reader new ways of appreciating how the most unique of human traits--our ability to process and produce natural language--has been and can be studied from a scientific point of view.