Working Paper Summaries Wp 92 1 Wp 92 47
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Working Paper Summaries Wp 92 1 Wp 92 47
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1992-08-01
Working Paper Summaries Wp 92 1 Wp 92 47 written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-08-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments.
Working Paper Summaries Wp 92 1 Wp 92 47
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Working Paper Summaries Wp 92 1 Wp 92 47 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
This compilation of summaries of Working Papers released during January-June 1992 is being issued for the first time as a part of the Working Paper series. It is designed to provide the reader with an overview of the research work performed by the staff during the period. Future compilations of summaries will be issued at six-monthly intervals.Authors of Working Papers are normally staff members of the Fund or consultants, although on occasion outside authors may collaborate with a staff member in writing a paper. The views expressed in the Working Papers or their summaries are, however, those of the authors and should not necessarily be interpreted as representing the views of the Fund.Copies of individual Working Papers and information on subscriptions to the annual series of Working Papers may be obtained from IMF Publication Services, International Monetary Fund, 700 19th Street, Washington D.C. 20431. Telephone: (202) 623-7430 Telefax: (202) 623-7201.
A Primer On Property Tax
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Author : William J. McCluskey
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-10-04
A Primer On Property Tax written by William J. McCluskey and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-04 with Business & Economics categories.
'The chapters in this book explore in detail the choices regarding both the structure and administration of the property tax, drawing on the extensive knowledge the authors have acquired in studying property taxes around the world. The chapters provide a wide-ranging treatment of the design choices and administrative tasks, both in terms of the breadth of design options and administrative tasks covered and the depth of the discussion. The authors describe the range of design choices, discuss the associated issues and the advantages and disadvantages for each, and present the criteria to help choose among the options.’ From the book’s Foreword by David L. Sjoquist, Professor of Economics and Dan E. Sweat Scholar Chair in Educational and Community Policy, Georgia State University Property taxation is a key element in providing a solid foundation and a stable funding source for basic public services. Developing and implementing a property tax system is a complex task. This complexity is compounded by the diversity of legal, cultural and historical contexts of policymakers and tax administrators. The World Development Report (1999-2000), Entering the 21st Century puts fiscal decentralization at the top of the development agenda. This makes local taxation - and especially the property tax option - of critical importance to both tax and land policy, as well as the broader development agenda. A Primer on Property Tax: Administration and Policy provides the reader with an analysis of issues surrounding property tax, including economics, law, public finance, decentralisation, valuation, GIS and property tax reform. A key strength of the book lies in the vast international experience of the authors and the book will provide for the first time material which is topical, cutting-edge and highly relevant to many of the disciplines involved in property taxation. The authors examine the criteria applied to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of property tax, discuss the main valuation methods and the economic principles underpinning them and review the legal and administrative aspects of property tax worldwide.
Inflation Targeting And Central Banks
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Author : Joanna Niedźwiedzińska
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-07-28
Inflation Targeting And Central Banks written by Joanna Niedźwiedzińska and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Over the last three decades, inflation targeting (IT) has become the most popular monetary policy framework among larger economies. At the same time, its constituting features leave room for different interpretations, translating into various central banks’ institutional set-ups. Against this backdrop, this book investigates the importance of institutional arrangements for policy outcomes. In particular, the book answers the question of whether there are significant differences in IT central banks’ institutional set-ups, and—if yes—whether they influence the ability of monetary authorities to meet their policy goals. The book examines around 70 aspects related to independence, accountability and transparency of 42 IT central banks over the last 30 years. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the quality of the institutional set-ups materially affects monetary policy effectiveness. In fact, a visible improvement of institutional arrangements resulting from pursuing an inflation targeting strategy can be treated as its lasting contribution to central banking. Thus, despite the recent critique of the framework, its prospects continue to be rather favourable. Overall, for the advocates of inflation targeting, the findings of the book can be seen as identifying the sources of IT strengths, while for IT opponents, they may be viewed as indicating which elements of IT institutional set-ups should be kept even if the need to replace this strategy with another regime will, indeed, result in a change. Given the role monetary policy plays within the economy, such knowledge may have significant implications. Therefore, the book will be relevant for different audiences, including scholars and researchers of monetary economics and monetary policy, and will be essential reading for central banks already pursuing an IT strategy or those preparing to adopt one. Importantly, the book includes supplementary indices of proposed institutional arrangements that assess a range of aspects related to IT central bank’s independence, accountability, and transparency. Readers thus have access to the author’s full database, which covers individual indices for all monetary authorities investigated across the given period of analysis.
Avenue21 Planning And Policy Considerations For An Age Of Automated Mobility
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Author : Mathias Mitteregger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-03-29
Avenue21 Planning And Policy Considerations For An Age Of Automated Mobility written by Mathias Mitteregger and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The subject of this open-access publication is the impact of connected and automated vehicles on the European city and the conditions under which this technology can make a positive contribution to urban development. The authors put forward two theses that have received little attention in the scientific discourse so far: Connected and automated vehicles will not become fully established in all sub-areas of the city for a long time. As a result, previously assumed effects - from traffic safety to traffic performance as well as spatial effects - will have to be reevaluated. To ensure a positive contribution of this technology to the mobility of the future, transport and settlement policy regulations must be further developed. Established territorial, institutional and organizational boundaries need to be challenged in a timely manner. Despite or because of the existing great uncertainties, we are at the beginning of a phase of yet shaping the possible future - in technology development, but also in politics, urban planning, administration and civil society. Description of the chapters: 1. Connected and automated driving: The long level 4 Mathias Mitteregger reflects on the road ahead for automated driving. What pathways of technological development induce which kind of spatial effects and planning needs? 2. Connected and automated driving: Consideration of the local, spatial context and spatial differentiation Emilia M. Bruck and Aggelos Soteropoulos reflect on the importance of the local context when classifying and estimating the effects of different forms of automated mobility. 3. Connected and automated driving in the context of a sustainable transport and mobility transformation Andrea Stickler, Jens S. Dangschat and Ian Banerjee integrate possible potentials of automated mobility in the context of a transformed, sustainable transport system. PART I: Mobility and transport 4. Self-driving turnaround or automotive continuity? Reflections on technology, innovation and social change Katharina Manderscheid reflects on how differing visions of an automated future can be understood with regard to divergent interests in technological development. 5. Automated drivability and streetscape compatibility in the urban-rural continuum using the example of Greater Vienna Aggelos Soteropoulos analyses how different street spaces align with technological requirements of automated mobility, creating a suitability framework for road spaces in the Greater Vienna region. 6. Automation, public transport and Mobility as a Service: Experience from tests with automated shuttle buses The authors show what types of automated public transport might be used in the future and what can be learned from testing automated shuttle buses in the past. 7. Delivery robots as a solution for the last mile in the city? Bert Leerkamp, Aggelos Soteropoulos and Martin Berger describe how automated delivery robots could be contextualized in terms of solving last-mile problems and discuss what implications might lie ahead for urban planning. PART II: Public space 8. Control and design of spatial mobility interfaces The authors identify the possible implications of automated mobility for mobility interfaces and explore how public spaces could be transformed. 9. Transformations of European public spaces with AVs Robert Martin, Emilia M. Bruck and Aggelos Soteropoulos use the example of Copenhagen to show how public spaces could be transformed in an age of automated urban mobility and benefit from lower car dependency. 10. At the end of the road: Total safety Mathias Mitteregger discusses how the desire for road safety affects public spaces and how automated mobility influences this discourse. 11. Integration of cycling into future urban transport structures with connected and automated vehicles Looking at the future of mobility, Lutz Eichholz and Detlef Kurth show that the bike actually offers solutions to many of our current problems and that planning should not forget to integrate cycling into future urban transport structures and systems. 12. Against the driverless city Steven Fleming argues for a radical shift in cities towards a highly improved cycling infrastructure eradicating the need for automated mobility. Part III: Spatial development 13. Strategic spatial planning, “smart shrinking” and the deployment of CAVs in rural Japan Ian Banerjee and Tomoyuki Furutani show where automated mobility could help tackle pressing issues in rural Japan. 14. Integrated strategic planning approaches to automated transport in the context of the mobility transformation The authors show how new forms of automated mobility could be integrated into mobility systems in diverse spatial structures in the city region of Vienna with the overriding goal of the mobility transformation. 15. Opportunities from past mistakes: Land potential en route to an automated mobility system Looking at the mistakes made in building a car-centric environment in the past, Mathias Mitteregger and Aggelos Soteropoulos identify future areas of urban transformation as a result of a lower demand for car-centric infrastructures and businesses. Part IV: Governance 16. New governance concepts for digitalization: Challenges and potentials Alexander Hamedinger contextualizes the manifold paths towards an automated future with regard to governance and describes how governance concepts might need to adapt in the future. 17. How are automated vehicles driving spatial development in Switzerland? Fabienne Perret and Christof Abegg show how automated vehicles are influencing spatial development in Switzerland, focusing on three different scenarios on the road ahead. 18. Lessons from local transport transition projects for connected and automated transport Andrea Stickler looks at local projects aiming at a transformation of mobility practices and reflects on implications for automated transport. 19. Connected and automated transport in the socio-technical transition Jens S. Dangschat looks at societal transformations in the past and contextualizes automated mobility in terms of a possible socio-technical transition ahead. 20. Data-driven urbanism, digital platforms and the planning of MaaS in times of deep uncertainty: What does it mean for CAVs? Ian Banerjee, Peraphan Jittrapirom and Jens S. Dangschat show how continuous digitalization in cities might affect possible uses and implementations of CAVs and their accompanying systems.
Undoc Current Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Undoc Current Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with categories.
Modeling Ordered Choices
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Author : William H. Greene
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-04-08
Modeling Ordered Choices written by William H. Greene and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-08 with Business & Economics categories.
It is increasingly common for analysts to seek out the opinions of individuals and organizations using attitudinal scales such as degree of satisfaction or importance attached to an issue. Examples include levels of obesity, seriousness of a health condition, attitudes towards service levels, opinions on products, voting intentions, and the degree of clarity of contracts. Ordered choice models provide a relevant methodology for capturing the sources of influence that explain the choice made amongst a set of ordered alternatives. The methods have evolved to a level of sophistication that can allow for heterogeneity in the threshold parameters, in the explanatory variables (through random parameters), and in the decomposition of the residual variance. This book brings together contributions in ordered choice modeling from a number of disciplines, synthesizing developments over the last fifty years, and suggests useful extensions to account for the wide range of sources of influence on choice.
International Organizations And The Law Of The Sea 1992
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Author : Netherlands Institute for the Law of the
language : en
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Release Date : 2023-08-28
International Organizations And The Law Of The Sea 1992 written by Netherlands Institute for the Law of the and has been published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-28 with Business & Economics categories.
This text provides a collection of documents related to ocean affairs and the law of the sea. It is issued each year by organizations, organs and bodies of the United Nations system.
National Library Of Medicine Current Catalog
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Author : National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
National Library Of Medicine Current Catalog written by National Library of Medicine (U.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Medicine categories.
The Kyoto Protocol Its Economic Implications
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Author : Dan Schaefer
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2000-03
The Kyoto Protocol Its Economic Implications written by Dan Schaefer and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-03 with Business & Economics categories.
A Congressional hearing on the Kyoto Protocol, on the costs of stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions at 1990 levels by the year 2010, & its possible economic implications to the U.S. Witnesses include: Stuart E. Eizenstat, Under Secretary for Economic Business & Agricultural Affairs, U.S. Dept. of State; & Janet Yellen, Chair, Council of Economic Advisors. Additional material submitted for the record: Hon. Dan Schaefer, letter dated March 26, 1998, to Hon. Janet Yellen, requesting material for the record, & submission of same.