World Trade And Local Public Interest
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World Trade And Local Public Interest
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Author : Csongor István Nagy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-15
World Trade And Local Public Interest written by Csongor István Nagy and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-15 with Law categories.
Trade liberalization has shaped international economic relations since the conclusion of the GATT 1947. The last few decades have seen a significant shift in the focus of this process: multilateralism seems to have reached its limits, giving way to regionalism, and the focus of trade liberalization has shifted to non-tariff barriers. While these developments have attracted considerable attention, exploring them from comparative perspectives has been largely neglected. Trading systems – the WTO, regional economic integrations and federal systems – are all based on the same dichotomy of free trade and local public interest: they generally prohibit the constituent parties (states) from restricting trade, but exempt them from this limitation if the restriction is warranted by a legitimate local end. The purpose of this volume is to contribute to filling the above-mentioned research gap by exploring central issues in regional economic integrations from a comparative perspective. It provides a general economic analysis of the costs and benefits of trade liberalization and the role and function of normative values in commercial policy. This is followed by a comparative analysis of the approaches used in various regional economic integrations (in North America, Europe and Latin America) and federal markets (the United States, Australia and India) regarding the balance between free trade and local public interest. Key issues in investment law, one of the most contentious elements of next-generation free trade agreements, are also addressed.
Free Trade Sovereignty Democracy
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Author : Claude E. Barfield
language : en
Publisher: American Enterprise Institute Press
Release Date : 2001
Free Trade Sovereignty Democracy written by Claude E. Barfield and has been published by American Enterprise Institute Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Business & Economics categories.
A penetrating look at major challenges to the World Trade Organization and the future of trade liberalization. It also shows how the WTO is moving in a direction at odds with basic democratic principles. The author closes his analysis with some policy recommendations.
Free Trade Agreements And Globalisation
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Author : Arne Melchior
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-07-31
Free Trade Agreements And Globalisation written by Arne Melchior and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-31 with Business & Economics categories.
This book analyses the fast spread of free trade agreements (FTAs) across the globe, their content and their economic impact. In the wake of Brexit and the new protectionism of President Trump, Melchior offers a timely assessment of key issues relating to FTAs. Dividing the world into seven major regions, he analyses world trade, the globalisation of FTAs and their role within and between the regions. Using a new world trade model, he then presents new evidence on the impact of trade agreements, the value of trade, the impact of China’s growth and the West’s industrial decline, and the role of reciprocity in trade policy. Covering rich and poor countries, commodity exporters and all of the world’s regions, he offers new and original insights about a number of pertinent issues facing today’s world.
World Trade Organization
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Author : Rachel F Fefer
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2019-04-05
World Trade Organization written by Rachel F Fefer and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-05 with categories.
Historically, the United States' leadership of the global trading system has ensured the United States a seat at the table to shape the international trade agenda in ways that both advance and defend U.S. interests. The evolution of U.S. leadership and the global trade agenda remain of interest to Congress, which holds constitutional authority over foreign commerce and establishes trade negotiating objectives and principles through legislation. Congress has recognized the World Trade Organization (WTO) as the "foundation of the global trading system" within trade promotion authority (TPA) and plays a direct legislative and oversight role over WTO agreements. The statutory basis for U.S. WTO membership is the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (P.L. 103-465), and U.S. priorities and objectives for the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/WTO have been reflected in various TPA legislation since 1974. Congress also has oversight of the U.S. Trade Representative and other agencies that participate in WTO meetings and enforce WTO commitments. The WTO is a 164-member international organization that was created to oversee and administer multilateral trade rules, serve as a forum for trade liberalization negotiations, and resolve trade disputes. The United States was a major force behind the establishment of the WTO in 1995, and the rules and agreements resulting from multilateral trade negotiations. The WTO encompassed and succeeded the GATT, established in 1947 among the United States and 22 other countries. Through the GATT and WTO, the United States, with other countries, sought to establish a more open, rules-based trading system in the postwar era, with the goal of fostering international economic cooperation and raising economic prosperity worldwide. Today, 98% of global trade is among WTO members. any observers are concerned that the effectiveness of the WTO has diminished since the collapse of the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations, which began in 2001, and believe the WTO needs to adopt reforms to continue its role as the foundation of the global trading system. To date, WTO members have been unable to reach consensus for a new comprehensive multilateral agreement on trade liberalization and rules. While global supply chains and technology have transformed international trade and investment, global trade rules have not kept up with the pace of change. Many countries have turned to negotiating free trade agreements (FTAs) outside the WTO as well as plurilateral agreements involving subsets of WTO members rather than all members. Certain WTO members have begun to explore aspects of reform and future negotiations. Potential reforms concern the administration of the organization, its procedures and practices, and attempts to address the inability of WTO members to conclude new agreements. Proposed DS reforms also attempt to improve the working of the dispute settlement system, particularly the Appellate Body-the seven-member body that reviews appeals by WTO members of a panel's findings in a dispute case. Some U.S. frustrations with the WTO are not new and many are shared by other trading partners, such as the European Union. At the same time, the Administration's overall approach has spurred new questions regarding the future of U.S. leadership and U.S. priorities for improving the multilateral trading system. Concerns have emphasized that the Administration's recent actions to unilaterally raise tariffs under U.S. trade laws and to possibly impede the functioning of the dispute settlement system might undermine the credibility of the WTO system. A growing question of some observers is whether the WTO would flounder for lack of U.S. leadership, or whether other WTO members like the EU and China taking on larger roles would continue to make it a meaningful actor in the global trade environment.
Trade Barriers To The Public Good
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Author : Alex C. Michalos
language : en
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Release Date : 2008-06
Trade Barriers To The Public Good written by Alex C. Michalos and has been published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06 with Business & Economics categories.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Agreement on Internal Trade (AIT) were designed to strengthen investor's rights at the expense of community rights and environmental protection. Both deals have achieved their aims. Trade Barriers to the Public Good provides a detailed examination of NAFTA and AIT cases involving MMT - a chemical additive brought into Canada by the US company Ethyl Corporation Inc. When the Canadian federal government banned the importation of MMT under the Fuel Additives Act, Ethyl Corp. filed a claim under NAFTA Chapter 11 seeking US $201 million in damages. Alex Michalos uses a case study of MMT to reveal exactly how and why quasi-judicial international dispute processes provide significantly less protection for the public interest than the routine procedures for passing an ordinary Act of Parliament. Trade Barriers to the Public Good illustrates why and how constitutionally protected democratic rights are undermined by trade deals such as the one involving MMT and, failing termination of NAFTA and AIT - the author's first choice for remedial action - recommends precise changes in dispute settlement rules that are needed to protect individuals and the environment.
The Future Of The World Trade Organization
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Trade
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
The Future Of The World Trade Organization written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Trade and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Business & Economics categories.
Trade And Environment
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Author : Adil Najam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Trade And Environment written by Adil Najam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Government For The Public Good
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Author : Max Rashbrooke
language : en
Publisher: Bridget Williams Books
Release Date : 2018-09-26
Government For The Public Good written by Max Rashbrooke and has been published by Bridget Williams Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-26 with Political Science categories.
In a time of global political ferment, established ideas are coming under renewed scrutiny. Chief among them is one of the dominant notions of our era: that we should entrust markets with many of the tasks previously carried out by government. In this wide-ranging book, Max Rashbrooke goes beyond anecdote and partisanship, delving deep into the latest research about the sweeping changes made to the public services that shape our collective lives. What he unearths is startling: it challenges established thinking on the effectiveness of market-based reforms and charts a new form of ‘deep’ democracy for the twenty-first century. Refreshing and far-sighted, this stimulating book offers New Zealanders a new way of thinking about government and how it can navigate the turbulent world ahead. The market is often not the solution to our problems. Markets have often been the problem. Max Rashbrooke makes the convincing case for models of government that work better, as well as those to be more wary of. Greater democracy can bring with it greater equality - but, Rashbrooke warns, democracy itself is imperilled by our current levels of inequality. Fast paced, globally informed and wittily written. – Professor Danny Dorling, Oxford University This book provides a wide range of excellent evidence-based arguments that help counter the oft-dominant small-government ideology of our times. Its defence of democracy, government and voter competence is a story that needs to be told more. – Laura O'Connell Rapira, Director of ActionStation
Intellectual Property Rights In A Fair World Trade System
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Author : Annette Kur
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2011-01-01
Intellectual Property Rights In A Fair World Trade System written by Annette Kur and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-01 with Law categories.
Intellectual Property law (IP) - particularly in relation to international trade regimes - is increasingly finding itself challenged by rapid developments in the technological and global economic landscapes. In its attempt to maintain a responsive legislative system that is interacting successfully with global trade rules, IP is having to respond to an increasing number of actors on an international level. This book examines the problems associated with this undertaking as well as suggesting possible revisions to the TRIPS agreement that would make it more relevant to the environment in which today's IP mechanisms are operating. The overall aim is to find an adequate response to the 'IP balance dilemma'. The theme is pursued throughout various topics, including a look at what this means in relation to economy in a country like China, and also considering how IP is increasingly having to reconcile itself with human rights issues.
Public Policymaking In India
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Author : R. V. Vaidyanatha Ayyar
language : en
Publisher: Pearson Education India
Release Date : 2009
Public Policymaking In India written by R. V. Vaidyanatha Ayyar and has been published by Pearson Education India this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Administrative law categories.
Public Policymaking in India integrates various elements of the policymaking process that have, till date, been dealt with separately. These include interest group politics, the role of the media, judicial policymaking, and policy entrepreneurship by civil society groups. Policymaking is no longer a privileged activity of the government: As the boundary between the government and the "outside" has become more porous, the power of non-state policy actors outside the government has increased enormously. The author points to the ways in which the policymaker can cope with this brave new world of policymaking. He also grounds the theory of policymaking in concrete examples of the Green Revolution, economic reforms, patent law amendments, regulation of private educational institutions, and laying down of standards for cola drinks, thereby facilitating easy comprehension and retention of concepts