Wto Safeguards And Trade Liberalization
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Wto Safeguards And Trade Liberalization
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Author : Elías Baracat
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005
Wto Safeguards And Trade Liberalization written by Elías Baracat and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Appellate Body categories.
Abstract: The footwear case provides an example of the complexities of World Trade Organization (WTO) rules on the use of safeguards, and of the interaction of multilateral and regional processes of liberalization. As a result both of Argentina's unilateral liberalization and the removal of barriers within Mercosur, imports of footwear increased rapidly. As Mercosur provides no intra-regional safeguard mechanism, the government of Argentina responded by applying import relief and WTO safeguards against third countries. The WTO Dispute Settlement Body addressed these measures and as a consequence, Argentina dismantled most of them, leading to four main conclusions: The jurisprudence of the WTO's Appellate Body has created serious uncertainty as to when a country can use safeguards. This does not contribute to the political balance that has to be maintained when developing countries implement trade liberalization programs. In fact, it detracts from this crucial goal. It is an error to negotiate ambiguous multilateral agreements on the expectation that the WTO Dispute Settlement mechanism will clarify them. An overvalued currency heightened the industry's problems. In the case of footwear, the decline in imports following the recent devaluation was more important than that following the implementation of earlier relief measures. The political economy of liberalization also indicates the need for regional agreements to include adequate transition mechanisms that will facilitate adjustment to free trade and to maintain support for it.
Wto Safeguards And Trade Liberalization
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Author : El??as Baracat
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Wto Safeguards And Trade Liberalization written by El??as Baracat and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The footwear case provides an example of the complexities of World Trade Organization (WTO) rules on the use of safeguards, and of the interaction of multilateral and regional processes of liberalization. As a result both of Argentina's unilateral liberalization and the removal of barriers within Mercosur, imports of footwear increased rapidly. As Mercosur provides no intra-regional safeguard mechanism, the government of Argentina responded by applying import relief and WTO safeguards against third countries. The WTO Dispute Settlement Body addressed these measures and as a consequence, Argentina dismantled most of them, leading to four main conclusions: The jurisprudence of the WTO's Appellate Body has created serious uncertainty as to when a country can use safeguards. This does not contribute to the political balance that has to be maintained when developing countries implement trade liberalization programs. In fact, it detracts from this crucial goal. It is an error to negotiate ambiguous multilateral agreements on the expectation that the WTO Dispute Settlement mechanism will clarify them. An overvalued currency heightened the industry's problems. In the case of footwear, the decline in imports following the recent devaluation was more important than that following the implementation of earlier relief measures. The political economy of liberalization also indicates the need for regional agreements to include adequate transition mechanisms that will facilitate adjustment to free trade and to maintain support for it.
Wto Safeguards And Trade Liberalization
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Author : Elias Baracat
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Wto Safeguards And Trade Liberalization written by Elias Baracat and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
The footwear case provides an example of the complexities of WTO rules on the use of safeguards, and of the interaction of multilateral and regional processes of liberalization. As a result of Argentina's trade liberalization policies, footwear imports increased rapidly. The WTO DSB addressed these measures and as a consequence, Argentina had to dismantle most of them. The events support the following conclusions: - The jurisprudence of the WTO's Appellate Body, has created serious uncertainty as to when a country can use safeguards. This does not contribute to the political balance that is crucial when developing countries implement liberalization policies. - It is an error to negotiate ambiguous multilateral agreements on the expectation that the WTO Dispute Settlement mechanism will later clarify them. - An overvalued currency heightened the industry's problems. The decline in imports following the recent devaluation was more important than that following the implementation of earlier relief measures. - Mercosur Members should have created an adjustment-smoothing instrument.
Safeguards And Antidumping In Latin American Trade Liberalization
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Author : J. Michael Finger
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005-12-05
Safeguards And Antidumping In Latin American Trade Liberalization written by J. Michael Finger and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Until the 1990s, the main users of safeguards and antidumping laws were Australia, Canada, the European Union, and the United States. Since then, many countries have implemented such laws, leading to a proliferation in antidumping and safeguard activity across the world. This timely book documents the political economy surrounding the implementation of these laws in seven Latin American countries and provides details on the institutions created, implementation of the laws, and subsequent activity. It finds that, in the larger political context, antidumping and safeguards are a necessary quid pro quo to certain important sectors to obtain much more liberalized trade policies for the general economy.
The Wto Safeguards And Temporary Protection From Imports
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Author : Chad Philips Bown
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
The Wto Safeguards And Temporary Protection From Imports written by Chad Philips Bown and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Foreign trade regulation categories.
This collection of theoretical and empirical papers examines the legal, economic and political justifications for the controversial use of WTO Safeguard mechanisms.
Trade Adjustment In The Wto System
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Author : Chad P. Bown
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Trade Adjustment In The Wto System written by Chad P. Bown and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
For countries to engage successfully in the international trading system, their industries, firms, and workers must respond continually to new conditions of competition. The continuing need to adjust arises both from policy changes approved in multilateral negotiations e.g. implementation of trade liberalization commitments, preference erosion, or adverse terms-of-trade consequences of export subsidy elimination and from ongoing changes in competitive pressures inherent in a liberal trading system e.g. effects on comparative advantage of changes in technology or factor supplies. But the political response to a situation calling for adjustment is often a call for safeguards whether as an ex ante provision in negotiated agreements or as an ex post measure once the agreement has been signed and the reality of new conditions takes shape. This paper examines the range of adjustment problems confronting the current and future international trading system, the economic arguments for intervention to deal with these problems, the adjustment environment as set out in the current World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements, and proposals for reform. While the adjustment problems we discuss apply to both rich and poor WTO member countries, we highlight the issues of adjustment especially relevant for developing countries.
Political Economy Of Antidumping And Safeguards In Argentina
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Author : Julio J. Nogués
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005
Political Economy Of Antidumping And Safeguards In Argentina written by Julio J. Nogués and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Antidumping duties categories.
Abstract: "Beginning in the late 1980s, Argentina implemented a series of reforms that were revolutionary in speed and scope, including trade liberalization. After the implementation of these policies, a record number of antidumping petitions came forward. Under a situation of high inflation, the government reinforced its fiscal and monetary policies by announcing that it would minimize the use of such measures. The flexible disciplines of the existing domestic antidumping regulations facilitated this objective. Later, when the GATT/WTO-sanctioned trade remedies were implemented, the government made a serious attempt to establish discipline by including liberal regulations and creating special institutional arrangements. A presumption built into the construction of the new mechanisms was that adhering to WTO requirements would strengthen the resistance against protection. This presumption turned out to be false. Changing circumstances, including severe peso overvaluation, had significant effects on the number and outcome of antidumping investigations. Regarding safeguards, the government followed the letter and the spirit of the WTO agreement. In relation to the number of petitions, few measures have been implemented. Rejections were based on a concern for consumer costs and on failure of the industry seeking protection to provide a convincing modernization plan. This, plus the fact that some cases were brought to the WTO Dispute Settlement Body, have made safeguards a less attractive instrument for protection-seekers than antidumping. An important positive side of the story is that unlike previous balance of payments adjustments, in spite of the major crisis that followed the recent devaluation, the hard-won liberalization has been maintained."--World Bank web site.
Adjusting To Trade Liberalization
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Author : Marc Bacchetta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Adjusting To Trade Liberalization written by Marc Bacchetta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Commercial policy categories.
This publication identifies tools at the disposal of governments to smooth adjustment, to minimize an economy's adjustment costs and to alleviate the burden of those who suffer most.--Publisher's description.
Theoretical Rationales For The Wto Safeguard Regime
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Author : Robert Alexander Rastorp
language : en
Publisher: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada
Release Date : 2004
Theoretical Rationales For The Wto Safeguard Regime written by Robert Alexander Rastorp and has been published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Foreign trade regulation categories.
This thesis examines Article XIX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the "safeguard" provision, which allows states that experience an unexpected disruption or downturn in a domestic industry, caused by increased imports resulting from GATT trade concessions, to temporarily suspend, on a non-discriminatory basis, the GATT obligations that caused the disruption. Alan O. Sykes, based on his application of public choice theory to the behaviour of the signatory states, has argued that the safeguard provision is a necessary component of the GATT, since without it states would have lacked the incentives to enter into the GATT, and the present agreement would unravel. By contrast, I analyze rationales for the safeguard regime from a 'two-level game' perspective, incorporating international as well as domestic incentives. I conclude that states will comply with a more restrictive safeguard regime than that advocated by Sykes, and propose reforms to the current regime accordingly.
Essentials Of Wto Law
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Author : Peter Van den Bossche
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-04-02
Essentials Of Wto Law written by Peter Van den Bossche and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-02 with Law categories.
This concise and reader-friendly overview of WTO law is essential reading for anyone needing an introduction to this complex field.