Reciprocity
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Reciprocity Routledge Revivals
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Author : Lawrence C. Becker
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-06-17
Reciprocity Routledge Revivals written by Lawrence C. Becker and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-17 with Philosophy categories.
The tendency to reciprocate – to return good for good and evil for evil – is a potent force in human life, and the concept of reciprocity is closely connected to fundamental notions of ‘justice’, ‘obligation’ or ‘duty’, ‘gratitude’ and ‘equality’. In Reciprocity, first published in 1986, Lawrence Becker presents a sustained argument about reciprocity, beginning with the strategy for developing a moral theory of the virtues. He considers the concept of reciprocity in detail, contending that it is a basic virtue that provides the basis for parental authority, obligations to future generations, and obedience to law. Throughout the first two parts of the book, Becker intersperses short pieces of his own narrative fiction to enrich reflection on the philosophical arguments. The final part is devoted to extensive bibliographical essays, ranging over anthropology, psychology, political theory and law, as well as the relevant ethics and political philosophy.
Reciprocity
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Author : Serge-Christophe Kolm
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2008-05-22
Reciprocity written by Serge-Christophe Kolm and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-22 with Business & Economics categories.
Reciprocity is the basis of social relations. It permits a peaceful and free society in which people and rights are respected. The essence of families and communities, it also enables the working of markets and organisations, while correcting their main failures. Reciprocity is also a basis of politics, and it justifies social policies. Although the importance of reciprocity has been widely recognised in other social sciences, it has, until recently, been somewhat ignored in economic analysis. Over the past three decades, economic theorist and moral philosopher Serge-Christophe Kolm has been at the forefront of research into the economics of the deepest aspects of societies. In Reciprocity, he provides a unique in-depth analysis of the motives, conducts, and effects of reciprocal relationships. In doing this, he explains crucial functionings of society and its economy, and the ways in which they can be improved. This book should be read by economists, sociologists, philosophers, and anyone concerned with understanding the economy of social relationships and its far-reaching consequences.
Reciprocity Altruism And The Civil Society
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Author : Luigino Bruni
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2008-05-13
Reciprocity Altruism And The Civil Society written by Luigino Bruni and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05-13 with Business & Economics categories.
The main emphasis of this new book from Luigino Bruni is a praise of heterogeneity, arguing that society works when different people are able to cooperate in many different ways. The author engages in a novel approach to reciprocity looking at its different forms in society, from cautious or contractual interactions, to the reciprocity of friendshi
Reciprocity In English
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Author : Florian Haas
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2009-12-16
Reciprocity In English written by Florian Haas and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-16 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Although the grammatical expression of reciprocal (or ‘mutual’) situations in the languages of the world has received a surprising amount of attention in recent years, so far no comprehensive study specifically dealing with the historical development and synchronic structure of English reciprocal constructions has been published. This book takes into consideration insights from the three major research projects on reciprocity in the languages of the world as well as the rich literature on more specific aspects of reciprocity. Assuming a usage-based model of grammar, the development of the reciprocal strategies used in present-day English is described, with special attention paid to the periods following Middle English, where today’s system began to take shape. The means of expressing reciprocity in today’s English (e.g. the expressions each other and one another) are then analyzed as a system of competing constructions, the make-up and distribution of which can be related both to their history and subtle distinctions in meaning and use associated with the different constructions. Quantitative data from corpora of natural language provides evidence for the analyses put forward. Wherever possible, claims on the expression of reciprocity in present-day English are checked against what is known about the grammar of reciprocity in other languages.
Reciprocity Laws
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Author : Franz Lemmermeyer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Reciprocity Laws written by Franz Lemmermeyer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Mathematics categories.
This book covers the development of reciprocity laws, starting from conjectures of Euler and discussing the contributions of Legendre, Gauss, Dirichlet, Jacobi, and Eisenstein. Readers knowledgeable in basic algebraic number theory and Galois theory will find detailed discussions of the reciprocity laws for quadratic, cubic, quartic, sextic and octic residues, rational reciprocity laws, and Eisensteins reciprocity law. An extensive bibliography will be of interest to readers interested in the history of reciprocity laws or in the current research in this area.
Reciprocity In Ancient Greece
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Author : Christopher Gill
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 1998
Reciprocity In Ancient Greece written by Christopher Gill and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with History categories.
Reciprocity has been seen as an important notion for anthropologists studying economic and social relations, and this volume examines it in connection with Greek culture from Homer to the Hellenistic period.
Reciprocity In Human Societies
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Author : Antti Kujala
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-08-03
Reciprocity In Human Societies written by Antti Kujala and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-03 with Social Science categories.
Presenting new insights into reciprocity, this book combines Marcel Mauss’s well-known gift theory with Barrington Moore’s idea of mutual obligations linking rulers and the ruled. Teasing out the interrelatedness of these approaches, Reciprocity in Human Societies suggests that evolutionary psychology reveals a human tendency for reciprocity and collaboration, not only in a mutually cooperative way but also through increasing retributive moral emotions. The book discusses various historical societies and the different models of the current welfare state—Nordic (social democratic), conservative, and liberal— and the repercussions of the neoliberal policies of tax havens, tax cuts, and austerity with a cross-disciplinary approach that bridges evolutionary psychology, sociology, and social anthropology with history.
Reciprocity In International Law
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Author : Shahrad Nasrolahi Fard
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-12-22
Reciprocity In International Law written by Shahrad Nasrolahi Fard and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-22 with Law categories.
In international relations, reciprocity describes an environment in which States support one another for short- or long-term advantage through the balancing of rights, duties and interests. This book examines reciprocity in the context of international law. It considers the role reciprocity plays in the creation and development of international law as well as in the interpretation and application of international law. The book illuminates the reciprocal framework of international law and international relations by examining the role reciprocity plays in different types of States’ obligations, including bilateral, bilateralisable multilateral, non-bilateralisable multilateral and obligations erga omnes. The book examines how reciprocity is intertwined with the principle of equality, as the rights and obligations of States are equal irrespective of size and economic or military strength, and the beneficial effects of reciprocity in creating stability and cooperation amongst States.
Reciprocity Rules
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Author : Michelle C. Johnson
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2020-12-16
Reciprocity Rules written by Michelle C. Johnson and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-16 with Social Science categories.
Reciprocity Rules explores the rich and complicated relationships that develop between anthropologists and research participants over time. Focusing on compensation and the creation of friendship and “family” relationships, contributors discuss what, when, and how researchers and the people with whom they work give to each other in and beyond fieldwork. Through reflexivity and narrative, the contributors to this edited collection, who are in various stages in their professional careers and whose research spans three continents and eight countries, reflect on the ways in which they have compensated their research participants and given back to host communities, as well as the varied responses to their efforts. The contributors consider both material and non-material forms of reciprocity, stories of successes and failures, and the taken-for-granted notions of compensation, friendship, and “helping.” In so doing, they address the interpersonal dynamics of power and agency in the field, examine cultural misunderstandings, and highlight the challenges that anthropologists face as they strive to maintain good relations with their hosts even when separated by time and space. The contributors argue that while learning, following, openly discussing, and writing about the local rules of reciprocity are always challenging, they are essential to responsible research practice and ongoing efforts to decolonize anthropology.
Reciprocity
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Author : William R. Cline
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Reciprocity written by William R. Cline and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Business & Economics categories.
Analyzes the US push for equal access to foreign markets.